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1 Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

1 1999

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Ablacja Lodowca Waldemara (Ziemia Oskara II, NW Spitsbergen) w sezonach letnich 1977, 1978 i 1980

Wójcik G., Marciniak K., Przybylak R.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

1999

nr 9

89--102

This paper presents results of ablation measurements carried out on the Waldemar Glacier (Oscar II land, NW Spitsbergen) during the three-summer seasons (23rd July - 20th August) 1977, 1978 and 1980. The measurements were conducted along longitudinal profile (stakes no. I to X), which begun a little above the glacier terminus (130 m a.s.I) and ended in the firn field (376 m a.s.I.). In addition, ablation measurements were also carried out along two transitional profiles. The first profile (stakes no. XI to XX) was located at the altitude of about 200 m a.s.I., and the second one (stakes no. XXII-XXX) at the altitude of 300-330 m a.s.I. (Fig.1). Data of general weather conditions come from the base station located in the Kaffiöyra Plain (Table 1), while for the glacier available are only the temperature data from two stations: LW1 (130 m a.s.I.) and LW2 (380 m a.s.I.) (Table 2). The mean seasonal values of ablation (in cm of water equivalent) are presented in Table 3. Ablation shows a relationship with the altitude a.s.I and with the distance from the glacier terminus. The mean seasonal 3-year ablation values (from the common period 23rd July - 20th August) in the stake no. I was equal to 85.2 cm, while in the stake no. X only 37.2 cm (Table 3). The hypsometric lapse rate of ablation was equal to about 19.51 cm! 100 m (Fig. 2). The mean ablation values computed for transitional profiles were equal to 60.0 cm (for the lower profile) and 53.2 cm (for the upper profile). The relationship of ablation with altitude is a consequence of decreasing temperature with the rise of altitude. On the Waldemar Glacier the rate of temperature decreasing is equal to 0.52°C/100 m. Our investigations confirm the well-known fact that the ablation is strongly influenced by the solar-radiation conditions. On the mountain glaciers solar irradiance causes the differentiation of ablation processes along the longitudinal profile. However, it was also observed that on the Waldemar Glacier (and probably on majority of the Spitsbergen glaciers) the highest ablation values are occurring under dynamical advection of warm and humid air, which often brings the abundant warm rain, as in the case of days 15 to 16 August 1980.