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Repertuar znaków pisma nr 1 pierwszej drukarni Unglera (1510-1516) na podstawie Polonia Typographica

Bień Janusz S.

Acta Poligraphica

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2021

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Vol. 17

1--20

EN

The font named by Karol Bułhak in volume III of Polonia Typographica (published in 1959) as number 1 was used only in three publications. All of tchem has been digitized and are available freely in the Internet. This allowed to confront the inventory of the font presented in Polonia Typographica with the actual texts. The surprisingly large number of discrepancies has been discovered. For some characters it is not obvious how to represent them in Unicode.

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Labels on coloured tactile maps (typhlomaps) – the Polish experiences

Olczyk M.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2018

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Vol. 50, No. 4

197--209

EN

The author presents the problems associated with geographical name conventions and labels on coloured tactile maps in atlas-type publications for the blind and visually impaired, based on the author’s many years of experience. The detailed description of the ‘keys’ system and Braille ‘abbreviations’ which Polish cartography uses in this type of works shows the benefits of using the system in the editing of map series. A framework of logical and intuitive ‘abbreviations’ presents many possibilities and makes maps easier to read. The system for connecting names of a particular ‘family’ of terms by using a two-letter abbreviation preceded by a unique ‘key’ should be a fundamental principle for creating sets of Braille ‘abbreviations’ for use in a given work. The author also highlights the need to use exonyms, since Braille’s basic alphabet has none of the diacritic characters which typify various languages, which hinders the correct transcription of certain names. The proposed system for constructing ‘abbreviations’ and ‘keys’ may also be used effectively in individual town plans and maps to improve the communication of information. The comprehensive structure of this system also makes it easier to search through indexes of ‘abbreviations’ and their explanations. All the described elements have an impact in raising the practical value of tactile maps.

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Automatic protein abbreviations discovery and resolution from full-text scientific papers: the PRAISED framework

Toti D, Atzeni P, Polticelli F

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2012

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Vol. 8, no. 1

13--51

EN

This paper describes a methodology for discovering and resolving protein names abbreviations from the full-text versions of scientific articles, implemented in the PRAISED framework with the ultimate purpose of building up a publicly available abbreviation repository. Three processing steps lie at the core of the framework: i) an abbreviation identification phase, carried out via domain-independent metrics, whose purpose is to identify all possible abbreviations within a scientific text; ii) an abbreviation resolution phase, which takes into account a number of syntactical and semantic criteria in order to match an abbreviation with its potential explanation; and iii) a dictionary-based protein name identification, which is meant to select only those abbreviations belonging to the protein science domain. A local copy of the UniProt database is used as a source repository for all the known proteins. The PRAISED implementation has been tested against several known annotated corpora, such as the Medstract Gold Standard Corpus, the AB3P Corpus, the BioText Corpus and the Ao and Takagi Corpus, obtaining significantly high levels of recall and extremely fast performance, while also keeping promising levels of precision and overall f-measure, in comparison to the most relevant similar methods. This comparison has been carried out up to Phase 2, since those methods stop at expanding abbreviations, without performing any entity recognition. Instead, the entity recognition performed in the last phase provides PRAISED with an effective strategy for protein discovery, thus moving further from existing context-free techniques. Furthermore, this implementation also addresses the complexity of full-text papers, instead of the simpler abstracts more generally used. As such, the whole PRAISED process (Phase 1, 2 and 3) has been also tested against a manually annotated subset of full-text papers retrieved from the PubMed repository, with significant results as well.