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Idea of the ecological and geological tourist centre in Starunia (Fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine)

Adamenko O. M., Stelmakh O. R., Zorin D. O., Radlovska K. O.

Geoturystyka

2009

nr 3

21-26

In Starunia village ozokerite deposit was mined in the years 1868-1960. In 1907 remnants of woolly rhinoceros and mammoth were discovered in one of the shafts. A second discovery was made in 1929, in a special shaft digged by the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, where remnants of three woolly rhinoceroses were found including one, a unique in the world, almost completely preserved specimen of this extinct species. In the 1970s, mud volcanoes were formed in relationship to seismic activity. In the vicinity of Starunia Paleolithic settlements were found of human population which might have inhabitated this area in the same period as large mammals. Geological, palaeontological and archaeological factors along with beautiful landscape of the Ukrainian Carpathian region make the Starunia village exceptional, world-class geotourist attraction. Hence, the concept of ecological and geological tourist centre has been proposed, located at the abandoned ozokerite mine in Starunia village.

We wsi Starunia złoże ozokerytu było eksploatowane w latach 1868-1960. W roku 1907 w jednym z szybów kopalni odkryto szczątki nosorożca włochatego i mamuta. W roku 1929 w specjalnie wykopanym szybie przez Polską Akademię Umiejętności znaleziono jeszcze trzy szczątki nosorożców włochatych, w tym jeden okaz prawie kompletnie zachowany unikatowy w skali światowej przedstawiciel tego wymarłego gatunku. Ponadto w Staruni w latach 70-tych XX wieku utworzyły się wulkany błotne związane z aktywnością sejsmiczną. W pobliżu Staruni znaleziono również szczątki osad paleolitycznych, związane z ludźmi, którzy mogli zamieszkiwać ten teren równocześnie z olbrzymimi ssakami. Walory geologiczne, paleozoologiczne i archeologiczne, a także położenie w pięknym krajobrazie Przedkarpacia Ukrainy, spowodowały, że wieś Starunia stała się wyjątkową w skali światowej atrakcją geoturystyczną. W artykule przedstawiono plan utworzenia ekologicznego i geologicznego centrum turystycznego zlokalizowanego na obszarze nieczynnej kopalni ozokerytu w Staruni.

Interdisciplinary studies at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) in the years 2006-2009: previous discoveries and research, purposes, results and perspectives

Kotarba M. J

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2009

Vol. 79, No 3

219-241

The discovery of large Pleistocene mammals in 1907 and 1929 in the Starunia ozokerite mine, about 130 kilometres southeast of Lviv, Ukraine, was a spectacular scientific event on a world scale. A unique combination of brine and oil, into which the animals had sunk, resulted in the near perfect preservation of woolly rhinoceros. In 2004, investigations in Starunia were restarted by Polish and Ukrainian scientists. This issue of Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae contains 18 papers which present the results of field and laboratory studies in the Starunia area completed by Polish scientists in the years 2006-2009. Interdisciplinary studies were realized by eleven thematic working groups on: Quaternary lithology and sedimentology, palaeobotany (palynology and analysis of macrofossils), botany (analysis of halophytes), palaeozoology (malacological analysis), radiocarbon dating, microbiology, surface and near-surface geochemistry, organic geochemistry (bitumen content and its fractions, biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes) and inorganic geochemistry (chloride ion analysis), geoelectric survey (DC resistivity soundings, electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurements, resistivity imaging, penetrometer-based resistivity profiling and azimuthal pole-dipole DC resistivity soundings) and microgravimetric survey. Results of these studies enabled recognition of the geological setting and sedimentary environment of Quaternary sediments, which hosted the Pleistocene fossils, and to determine the most favourable area of about 1,000 square metres for subsequent prospecting for extinct mammals within Pleistocene sediments in Starunia.