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1 Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

1 2024

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Effect of metal addition of Cu, Ni, and Fe on swelling Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) to present amphoteric features on Cu-Ni-Fe/ZAL swelling

Susmanto Prahady, Intang Ambo, Bustan Muhammad Djoni, Haryati Sri

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2024

Vol. 26, nr 4

8--16

The main challenge in using Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) as a catalyst lies in controlling its acidic nature which is influenced by the content of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and Si/Al ratio. Controlling by reducing and adding metals with higher acidity is necessary. This research involved two stages: ZAL Swelling formation followed by adding Cu, Ni, and Fe metals to make a Cu-Ni-Fe/ZAL Swelling catalyst. The acid distribution analysis using the NH3-TPD profile test showed that the Cu-Ni-Fe/ZAL swelling catalyst exhibited higher Lewis-type acidity and more uniform distribution compared to Brønsted acid. The addition of Cu, Ni, and Fe metals can modify the acidity strength of ZAL Swelling to form Cu-Ni-Fe/ZAL Swelling catalysts with Lewis and Brønsted sites at lower temperatures (120–550 °C) compared to ZAL Swelling (120–750 °C). This gives an idea about the optimization of the arrangement of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites to present amphoteric features.