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Materiał magnetyczny w części nierozpuszczalnej soli wysadu Góra (otwór G-40) – najnowsze wyniki i ich odniesienie do wcześniejszych prac

Jaworska Joanna, Borowczyk Krzysztof

Przegląd Solny

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2018

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T. 14

70--76

PL

W celu zbadania pochodzenia materiału magnetycznego w próbkach soli cechsztyńskich przeanalizowano dostępny, siedmiometrowy fragment rdzenia G-40, z głębokości 510- 528 m p.p.t., pozyskanego z wysadu Góra (ryc. 1). Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wykluczeniu możliwości udziału materiału pochodzenia antropogenicznego wśród materii magnetycznej stanowiącej składniki rezyduum z rozpuszczenia soli. Łącznie rozpuszczono 96,874 kg soli cechsztyńskiej uzyskując po osuszeniu 1069,8 g suchej pozostałości. Średnia zawartość rezyduum dla przebadanych fragmentów rdzenia wyniosła 1,12%. Wśród materiału magnetycznego zebrano jedynie nieregularne, blaszkowate ziarna o rozmiarach od 150 do ok. 400 μm (ryc. 2). Przebadane ziarna magnetyczne zawierają 52,7-84,2 % tlenku żelaza Fe2O3, ok. 0,3-3,04% tlenku glinu, a także krzemionkę, sód, wapń lub mangan. W 2 próbkach odnotowano obecność cynku oraz w pojedynczych molibdenu, wolframu, a także fosforu. Ponieważ każdy etap pracy przygotowawczej, a także późniejszej, laboratoryjnej odbywał się ze szczególną dbałością o zachowanie sterylności próbek, należy wykluczyć możliwość udziału – przedostania się do analizowanego materiału składników pochodzenia antropogenicznego. Zatem pochodzenie kosmiczne materiału magnetycznego o kształtach nieregularnych jest bardzo prawdopodobne. W badanym materiale nie stwierdzono obecności żadnej formy kulistej – sferuli. Tym samym obecność form kulistych – sferulek w większych ilościach (zob. praca L. Mazura 1973, tab. 1), może budzić wątpliwości.

EN

Near 97 kg of salt samples from borehole G-40 from Góra Salt Dome (fig. 1) was obtained and dissolved. There was analysed insoluble material, which was characterized by high magnetisation. All analyzed salt samples come from 2-nd Zechstein (Late Permian) cyclothem Stassfurt, from deep 510-528 m b.g.l. The collected material (15 grains) are representing only one type form - irregular particles, plates form of size 150 to over 400 μm (see fig. 2). There was not noted any regular, spherical form – spherules. This material was analysed using the SEM - EDS. The chemical composition of particles ranges from 52,7 to 84,2 % iron oxide and 0,3-3,04 % aluminium oxide. In none of the samples was noted Ni. Irregular particles have rough surface and sharp edges. The origin of this material can be extraterrestrial. Highly probably that this particles are cosmic dust, micrometeorites or small shattered fragments of bigger meteorite body. The possibility of participation of anthropogenic material as accidental contamination of analyzed samples has been rather excluded.

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Materiał magnetyczny w próbkach soli z wysadów solnych Góra i Wapno

Jaworska J.

Przegląd Solny

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2015

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T. 11

78--82

PL

W próbkach soli cechsztyńskich zebranych z trzech fragmentów dostępnych rdzeni, pochodzących z dwóch wysadów solnych Góra i Wapno, wśród materiału rezydualnego, wyseparowano materiał charakteryzujący się wysoką magnetycznością. Analizom poddano dwa zebrane typy tego materiału, tj. sferule (sferulki) – kuliste, metaliczne formy oraz nieregularne ziarna. Łącznie przebadano 13 ziaren. Wielkość ziaren obu typów mieściła się w granicach 70-400 μm. Głównym składnikiem chemicznym sferul i ziaren nieregularnych jest tlenek żelaza, którego udział w próbkach wynosi od 70 do 100%. Geneza tego materiału magnetycznego nie jest jednoznacznie określona; mogą one mieć pochodzenie kosmiczne lub antropogeniczne.

EN

The Zechstein salt samples were collected from three fragments of cores, drilled from the Góra and Wapno salt domes. After the residual material had been separated, formations displaying high magnetism were found. Two types of such formations were subjected to analysis: round, metallic spherules and irregular particles. In total, 13 items were examined. The sizes of both types of the material ranged from 70 to 400 μm. Iron oxide was found to be the main chemical component of both spherules and irregular particles. Its proportion ranged from 70 to 100% in the samples. The origin of those magnetic materials has not been clearly determined. It can be either extraterrestrial or anthropogenic.

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Podziemne magazynowanie węglowodorów w kawernach solnych w Polsce-—wymiar strategiczny i możliwooeci poprawy stanu środowiska naturalnego

Pieńkowski G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 9

791-791

EN

Storage of strategic hydrocarbon resources (petroleum, fuel and natural gas resources) in subsurface repositories (geologic structures) is a strategic necessity in countries largely dependent on oil and gas supply from abroad. Benefits of creating strategic petroleum reserves (SPRs) and natural gas storage facilities for these countries are obvious: SPRs are a first line of defense against interruption in critical oil and natural gas supplies, and they provide economic security and increase regional stability. Easily accessible sites located near the nodes of existing pipelines, main industrial centers and NATO bases should be targeted for safe storage of liquid fuels, crude oil or gas. With little national storage capacity, Poland has been near extremis a few times due to interruptions in the flow of crude oil and natural gas. It is in the Polish national interest for the country to establish a Strategic Petroleum Reserve for liquid fuels and natural gas reserves, which would provide a cushion against the negative impacts of a hydrocarbon shortage on its economy and national security. The same problem concerns most of the new NATO member countries in Central and Eastern Europe (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Hungary). These countries are potential beneficiaries of this project. Among them, only Poland is blessed with abundant geologic salt structures, i.e. thick bedded salts and salt domes. Therefore, Poland can provide storage capacity also for the NATO allies (and other EU members). The Department’s agent in this effort is the Polish Geological Institute (PGI), performing duties of the Polish Geological Survey. PGI established cooperation with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in the United States and the Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO). The project was accepted and implemented as a short-term project in April 2005 (NATO-CCMS project EAP.CMS-PS 982185). The purpose of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of using subsurface salt deposit repositories for strategic oil, liquid fuel and gas storage, and for using generated brines to improve the ecological and environmental conditions of the Baltic Sea. The last expansion of NATO involves the necessity of developing new military bases, including the need for safe storage of logistic fuels. Occurrence of salt domes nearby most of the planned bases in Poland provides an excellent place for safe (both from the military and environmental point of view) storage of fuels. Only dry salt caverns (without use of salt brine, operated by pressurized nitrogen) will be applied for logistic fuel storage. Previous experimental studies had shown that some logistic fuels (including jet fuels) stored in salt caverns for five years did not change significantly as far as concerns their chemical and physical properties and they were still fully usable after five years of such storage. Construction of fuel repositories for NATO bases in salt domes also provides an environmental advantage. The traditional approach (adopted for example in the existing NATO "Minimum Military Requirement" and Capability Package- CP 22) uses steel tanks. However, surface steel tanks are exposed to natural weather hazards and potential terrorist attack - not mentioning their vulnerability to warfare attacks. Steel tanks hidden at a shallow depth (up to some 20 m) in the ground are much more expensive, although somewhat safer-the threats mentioned above are reduced. However, underground storage of fuel poses another threat - leakage of toxic fuel might be hazardous to groundwater supplies. Construction inexpensive repositories at a depth of several hundred meters, in naturally isolated rock salt, make them safe concerning any contamination of the environment and other threats. Above all, such repositories meet strategic requirements - they are practically immune to any warfare attack. Five salt domes in central Poland were indicated as the most suitable sites for logistic fuel repositories and preliminary geological assessment was prepared. In the future this project should gain more interest because of security issues and may warrant further investigation for Poland as well as other NATO countries. Construction of repositories in salt provides a substantial cost advantage (underground salt repositories are about 85% - 800 % less costly than traditional surface steel tanks). Moreover, storage of hydrocarbons in geologic structures is much safer from a strategic and ecological point of view. Most of the salt deposits considered for an SPR in Poland were formed in the Late Permian epoch. The proposed full scale project also addresses potential ecological problems connected with the by-product from leaching large salt caverns. Construction of large strategic petroleum repositories can produce tens of million of tons of salt brine. As the big petroleum repositories will likely be built at the Baltic Sea coast, this project involves a new paradigm concerning treatment and disposal of the excess salt brine. The salt brine can be used as an agent for re-cultivation of the Baltic sea-bottom where anoxic conditions prevail. Due to the influx of anthropogenic contaminants (industrial discharges, phosphate and nitrogen communal and agricultural pollutants, etc.), the periodic, natural influx of heavier and well-oxygenated waters from the North Sea can no longer cope with the negative effects of resulting eutrophication. This is by far the most severe ecological problem in the entire Baltic Sea region. It is proposed that diluted and oxygenated, but somewhat heavier than sea water salt brine be pumped through a pipeline directly to the deeper parts of the Baltic Sea. The enhanced (oxygenated) salt brine could serve to re-establish the life and improve the ecological environment in the Baltic Sea bottom, a positive environmental impact. This project may contribute to fulfillment of at least four of the general objectives of NATO-SPS projects- it reduces to a minimum the negative environmental impact of both civil and military repositories, it conducts regional studies including cross-border activities (particularly in the field of Baltic Sea protection), by building new repositories it can serve to prevent possible crises related to scarcity of energy resources from interruption of oil or gas supplies, and it addresses emerging risks to the environment by using salt brine as an agent contributing to biological recovery of the Baltic Sea.