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1
Content available Assessment of the possibility of using chalcedonite powder as a component of mortars
Spychał Edyta, Kotwa Anna
Structure and Environment
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2022
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Vol. 14, no. 4
119--125
EN
The article presents the results of the assessment of the possibility of using chalcedonite powder as a partial replacement for cement in mortars. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R was used as a binder, which was replaced in the amount of 5%, 20%, 35% and 50% with chalcedonite powder. The experimental tests concerned the determination of the technological and mechanical properties of mortars: consistency, air content, compressive and bending strength, supplemented by X-ray diffraction analysis and calorimetric measurements of the pastes. The research results indicate that chalcedonite powder can be used in the production of mortars. The best mechanical properties of tested mortars were obtained in the case of replacing cement with the addition of powder in the amount of 5% and 20%.
PL
W artykule dokonano oceny możliwości wykorzystania mączki chalcedonitowej jako częściowego zamiennika cementu w zaprawach budowlanych. Jako spoiwo zastosowano cement portlandzki CEM I 42,5 R, który zastępowano w ilości 5%, 20%, 35% oraz 50% mączką chalcedonitową. Badania doświadczalne dotyczyły określenia właściwości technologicznych i mechanicznych zapraw: konsystencji, zawartości powietrza, wytrzymałości na ściskanie i zginanie, uzupełnionych o rentgenowską analizę dyfrakcyjną oraz badania kalorymetryczne zaczynów. Wyniki badań wskazują, że mączka chalcedonitowa może być stosowana do produkcji zapraw budowlanych. Najlepsze właściwości mechaniczne badanych zapraw uzyskano w przypadku zastąpienia cementu dodatkiem mączki w ilości 5% i 20%.
2
Content available remote Zastosowanie modyfikowanej mezoporowatej krzemionki SBA-15 w procesie adsorpcji 4-chlorofenolu
Moritz M.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2015
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T. 94, nr 6
872-875
PL
Przedstawiono wpływ funkcjonalizacji materiału SBA-15 na proces adsorpcji 4-chlorofenolu. Modyfikację powierzchni mezoporowatej krzemionki przeprowadzono metodą graftingu z użyciem 3-aminopropylotrietoksysilanu. Określono charakterystykę strukturalną adsorbentów z użyciem techniki XRD oraz sorptometrii azotu. Wykazano znaczący wzrost pojemności adsorpcyjnej modyfikowanego adsorbentu względem 4-chlorofenolu w porównaniu z czystą krzemionką SBA-15. Wykazano, że proces adsorpcji 4-chlorofenolu na badanych sorbentach przebiega zgodnie z zależnością Langmuira.
EN
Mesoporous SiO₂ was modified by grafting with NH₂(CH₂)Si(OEt)₃ and used for adsorption of p-ClC₆H₄OH. The SiO₂ samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N₂ sorption anal. Adsorption capacity of modified/ unmodified SiO₂ was detd. at 25°C for p-ClC₆H₄OH concn. 5.0⋅10⁻⁴–4.2⋅10⁻² mol/L. More than 2.5 times higher adsorption capacity was achieved on modified SiO₂.
3
Content available remote The structural studies of aluminosilicate gels and thin films synthesized by the sol-gel method using different Al2O3 and SiO2 precursors
Adamczyk A.
Materials Science Poland
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2015
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Vol. 33, No. 4
732--741
EN
Aluminosilicate materials were obtained by sol-gel method, using different Al2O3 and SiO2 precursors in order to prepare sols based on water and organic solvents. As SiO2 precursors, Aerosil 200 (TM) and tetraethoxysilane TEOS: Si(OC2H5) 4were applied, while Disperal TM and aluminium secondary butoxide ATSB: Al(OC4H9)3were used for Al2O3 ones. Bulk samples were obtained by heating gels at 500 degrees C, 850 degrees C and at 1150 degrees C in air, while thin films were synthesized on carbon, steel and alundum (representing porous ceramics) substrates by the dip coating method. Thin films were annealed in air (steel and alundum) and in argon (carbon) at different temperatures, depending on the substrate type. The samples were synthesized as gels and coatings of the composition corresponding the that of 3Al2O3center dot 2SiO2mullite because of the specific valuable properties of this material. The structure of the annealed bulk samples and coatings was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD method (in standard and GID configurations). Additionally, the electron microscopy (SEM) together with EDS microanalysis were applied to describe the morphology and the chemical composition of thin films. The analysis of FT-IR spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns of bulk samples revealed the presence of gamma-Al2O3 and delta-Al2O3 phases, together with the small amount of SiO2 in the particulate samples. This observation was confirmed by the bands due to vibrations of Al-O bonds occurring in gamma-Al2O3 and delta-Al2O3 structures, in the range of 400 to 900 cm(-1). The same phases (gamma-Al2O3 and delta-Al2O) were observed in the deposited coatings, but the presence of particulate ones strongly depended on the type of Al2O3 and SiO2 precursor and on the heat treatment temperature. All thin films contained considerable amounts of amorphous phase.
4
Content available remote The using possibility of clay-rich overburden rocks from selected Polish deposits
Bożęcki P., Rzepa G.
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
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2012
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Vol. 38, no. 4
457
EN
The objective of this work was an assessment of the possibility of utilization of selected clay-rich overburden rocks from selected rock raw material found in Polish deposits. For this purpose samples from 12 deposits in five different provinces of southern Poland (Małopolskie, Śląskie, Podkarpackie, Dolnośląskie and Świętokrzyskie) have been collected. Exploited mineral deposits from which samples have been taken belong to wide range of materials. They are for example dolomite (Rędziny), magnesite (Braszowice), limestone (Czatkowice and Morawica), rhyodacites (Zalas), clay materials for construction of ceramics (Harasiuki, Wala Rzedzińska, Kraniec, Wręczyca) and mineral aggregates like sand (Bielany at Sole and Wola Batorska). Main field of feasibility of using samples were components of waterproofing layers. Part of the samples was also tested for the possibility of their use in land reclamation. Mineral and chemical composition of the samples was analysed, using XRD and ICP-OAS methods, respectively. Grain size distribution was performed by using sieve analysis and by a laser particle size analyser. Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity were also estimated based on the concentration of displaced ions (such as Ba +, Fe +, Sr +, Al +, Mg +, Ca +, Na+, K+, Li+) by ammonium cation (from the 1 M ammonium acetate solution) and indicated cations. Results of this study show that none of the tested samples met all the requirements for components of hydro-isolation layer, and therefore they cannot be used for this purpose. In most cases this is an effect of unfavourable mineral composition (to high percentage of non-clay minerals) and/or chemical composition. Usually the amount of examined exchangeable cations was also incorrect. The applicability results for land reclamation showed a very large variation. Part of the samples has acquired the highest A class. However, some samples were also found to be characterized by the worst D class of reclamation utility.
5
Content available remote Zastosowanie technologii plazmowej do nanoszenia powłok na bazie Ni-Cr na podłoże ze stali i modyfikacja ich
Alonceva D.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2010
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R. 86, nr 7
42-44
PL
Doświadczalnie stwiedzono, że naniesienie powłok proszkowych PG-10N-01, PG-19N-01 i PGAN-33 metodą detonacji plazmowej z podwójną obróbką powierzchni powoduje powstawanie wielofazowych powłok. Stopienie powłok wiązką elektronów prowadzi do zmian rozkładupierwiastków. Powłoki posiadają mikrotwardość ok. 5 GPa. Metodą transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej ustalono obecność faz amorficznej i krystalicznej.
EN
In the presented work it was empirically demonstrated that depositing PG-10N-01, PG-19N-01 and PGAN-33 (Russia Industrial Standard) powder coatings by plasma jets with the duplex surface treatment according to the parameters resulted in forming multi-phase dense coatings with intermetallic hardening compounds. The surface melting of coatings by electronic beam leads to redistribution of elements. The coatings have high microhardness of the same order of 5 GPŕ. TEM methods reveal that in coatings before irradiation form the amorphous and crystalline phases.
6
Content available remote Formation and physical properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses with Ni addition
Lesz S., Kwapuliński P., Nowosielski R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2008
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Vol. 31, nr 1
35-40
EN
Purpose: The main aim of the paper was investigations of formation and changes of physical properties (magnetic properties and microhardness) of Fe based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with Ni addition. Design/methodology/approach: The following experimental techniques were used: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis method to test the structure, electrical resistivity in situ measurements (four-point probe), measurements of magnetic properties, microhardness of investigated ribbons was determined by Vickers method. Findings: The structural studies revealed an amorphous structure for the ribbons with thicknesses up to 0.27 mm, regardless of their thickness. Research limitations/implications: More investigations for example Mössbauer spectrometry have to be conducted on different thickness of ribbons in order to confirm conclusions contained in the work. Practical implications: According to the results presented in the present paper the examined Fe-based bulk glassy alloys with Ni addition as a soft ferromagnetic material may be utilized in construction of magnetic cores such as choke coils, common mode and noise filter and is of great technological interest. Originality/value: The originality of the paper are examinations of changes of structure and physical properties on cross section and on surface of ribbons.
7
Content available remote Correlation between fracture morphology and mechanical properties of NANOPERM alloys
Lesz S., Szewieczek D., Tyrlik-Held J.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
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2008
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Vol. 29, nr 2
73-80
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present of influence of heat treatment on the changes of structure, ductility, mechanical properties and particularly fracture morphology of the amorphous NANOPERM ribbons. The alloy was obtained in ribbons form by melt spinning method. Design/methodology/approach: The following experimental techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis method to test the structure. The measurement of mechanical properties, like: tensile strength Rm, ductility ε were made. Tensile tests were performed on testing machine INSTRON 1195. Plastic properties of investigated ribbons were determined in bending test. Findings: Morphology of fractures obtained after decohesion process in tensile test shows the history of amorphous alloys crystallization. Practical implications: The relationship between heat treatments parameters, structure and mechanical properties can be useful for practical application of these alloys. Originality/value: The temperature ranges of structure and mechanical properties changes after heat treatment of NANOPERM alloys it has been determined.
8
Content available remote Zależność właściwości mechanicznych poli(tereftalanu etylenu) od stopnia krystaliczności
Królikowski B., Richert S.
Przetwórstwo Tworzyw
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2004
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[R.] 10, nr 4
105-109
PL
W tworzywach konstrukcyjnych oraz włóknotworczych faza amorficzna wykazuje mniejszą wytrzymałość mechaniczną. W tworzywach tych ważny jest rozmiar, postać i konfiguracja przestrzenna fazy krystalicznej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania stopnia krystaliczności metodami DSC i XRD próbek regranulowanego PET odzyskiwanego z poużytkowych opakowań. Temperatura topnienia i zeszklenia regenerowanego PET jest bliska wartościom, jakie wykazuje polimer pierwotny. Wzrost stopnia krystaliczności powoduje polepszenie się właściwości mechanicznych próbek otrzymanych z regranulatu PET. Praca badawcza zrealizowana została, a następnie wdrożona w toruńskiej firmie "Plastmal-Jako".
EN
An amorphous phase in constructional and fibre forming plastics exhibits lower mechanical resistance. A size, form, and steric configuration play a significant role for these plastics. The test results of a degree of crystallinity of the samples of re-granulated PET, recovered from waste packaging, were presented in this article. The tests were performed by DSC and XRD methods. Melting point and glass transition temperature of recycled PET are close to the values of original polymer. The increase of the degree of crystallinity results in the improvement of mechanical properties of the samples obtained from PET re-granulates. The investigations were carried out and afterwards implemented in "Plastmal-Jako" firm in Toruń.
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