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Exhaust system piping made by hydroforming: relations between stresses, microstructure, mechanical properties and surface

Kucharska Barbara, Moraczyński Oskar

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2020

Vol. 20, no. 4

648--658

The subject of research is car exhaust system piping made of chromium–nickel steel of grade AISI304L with a unique, complex shape that was obtained by hydroforming technology. The purpose of the research was to determine the relation between the microstructure features, surface condition, hardness and the stresses on the external surface as determined by the sin2ψ X-ray method. We found that the stresses were tensile and correlated with the steel hardness, i.e. they were greater where the hardness was higher. Moreover, longitudinal stresses showed a relationship with pipe wall thickness, while circumferential stresses did so only partially. According to our data, the greatest value of stress determined in the pipe amounted to 290 MPa, and was close to the yield point of the strain hardened 304L steel. As depicted via XRD and SEM examination, the pipe stress level and hardness were influenced by the transition γ→α’. Furthermore, in the region of higher stress and hardness, the amount of martensite was 10 vol.%. We also noted that the pipe’s outer surface when subjected to friction against the die shows lesser roughness compared to its inner surface upon exposure to water under pressure.

Roentgenography method implementation at intrinsic residual stress measurement in surface layer of drawing die eyelets.

Broniec Z., Daca J., Figiel W.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

2006

Vol. 41, nr 2

19-28

Object of research was intrinsic residual stress determination in surface layer of drawing die eyelet. Considering Euclid surface specifity it was elaborated new method of measurements. Research measurement data analysis allowed conclude some new wear mechanism ideas. Determination of first type stress value in surface layer of wire - drawing eyelets is based on X-ray radiology principle theory. It was working out new method of the intrinsic stress determination with taking account of the specific surface tool geometry. Acquired research results were processed by comparative analysis. Measurement results of the respective series of investigated tools (eyelets) were compared to each other and later were under confrontation with other research results of the surface layer of wire - drawing eyelets.

Wyznaczenie naprężeń pierwszego rodzaju w warstwie wierzchniej oczek ciągadeł oparto na teoretycznych podstawach metody rentgenowskiej. Z uwagi na geometrię badanych powierzchni opracowano nową metodę określania naprężeń własnych. Uzyskane wyniki badań poddano analizie porównawczej. Porównań dokonano między wynikami poszczególnych serii badanych narzędzi oraz skonfrontowano je z wynikami innych badań warstwy wierzchniej oczek ciągadeł.