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Determination of electrophysical and structural properties of human cancellous bone and synthetic bone substitute material using impedance spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction

Haba Y., Köckerling M., Shick Ch., Mittelmeier W., Bader R.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

11--19

EN

Electrophysical stimulation is used to support fracture healing and bone regeneration. For design optimization of electrostimulative implants, in combination with applied human donor bone or synthetic bone scaffolds, the knowledge of electrophysical properties is fundamental. Hence further investigations of the structural properties of native and synthetic bone is of high interest to improve biofunctionality of bone scaffolds and subsequent healing of the bone defect. The investigation of these properties was taken as an objective of this study. Therefore, surgically extracted fresh cylindrical and consecutively ashed cancellous bone samples from human osteoarthritic femoral heads were characterized and compared to synthetic bone substitute material. Thereby, impedance spectroscopy is used to determine the electrophysical properties and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) for analysis of structural information of the bone samples. Conductivity and permittivity of fresh and ashed cancellous bone amounted to 1.710–2 S/m and 7.5106 and 210–5 S/m and 7.2103 , respectively. Electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity of bone scaffold resulted in 1.710–7 S/m and 49. Analysis of the structural properties showed that the synthetic bone scaffolds made of Brushite exhibited some reflections which correspond to the native bone samples. The information in present study of the bone material (synthetic and autologous) could be used for later patient individual application of electrostimulative implants.

2

The technology of obtaining ferroics solid solutions Csx(NH4)1-xLiSO4

Czaja P., Borkowski S.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 15, no 2

469-475

EN

The research paper presents the technology of obtaining the solid solutions Csx(NH4)1-xLiSO4 where: x=0, 0.95, 1. The obtained materials were verified by the X-ray powder diffraction method. X-ray powder diffractometers together with selected indicators for: CsLiSO4, NH4LiSO4, NH4LiSO4 and Cs0.95(NH4)0.05LiSO4 were presented. Lattice constants for the solid solution of Cs0.95(NH4)0.05LiSO4 was evaluated.

3

Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the System Nd2O3–Na2O–P2O5: The Partial System NdPO4–Na3PO4–Na4P2O7

Znamierowska T., Bandrowski Sz.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2007

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Vol. 81, nr 4

485-492

EN

The NdPO4–Na3PO4–Na4P2O7 portion of the oxide Nd2O3–Na2O–P2O5 system was investigated using thermoanalytical, X-ray powder diffraction and light microscopy techniques, and its phase diagram has been proposed. In the composition range of interest one ternary compound occurs, Na3Nd(PO4)2, which melts incongruently at 1485C and exhibits a polymorphic transition at about 1040C. Two subsystems: NdPO4–Na4P2O7 and Na3Nd(PO4)2–Na4P2O7, which are quasi-binary only in the subsolidus regions, i.e. 944C and 967C, respectively, have been found. It has been shown that a ternary peritectic (tP = 967C) and a ternary eutectic (t = 961C) occur in the quasi-ternary NdPO4–Na3PO4–Na4P2O7 system.

4

Phase Equilibria in the Oxide Nd2O3-K2O-P2O5 System. The Quasibinary System NdPO4-K3PO4

Znamierowska T., Mizer D.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2006

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Vol. 80, nr 12

2011-2016

EN

Phase diagram of NdPO4-K3PO4 quasibinary system has been elaborated based on investigation by thermoanalytical methods, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and microscopy in reflected light. One binary orthophosphate of the formula K3Nd(PO4)2 occurs in this system, and it melts incongruently at ~1415 graduate C. The compound appears in two polymorphic modifications (transformation alfa/beta-K3Nd(PO4)2 proceeds at 1150–1175 graduate C) and is stable down to room temperature.

5

Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the System Nd2O3–Na2O–P2O5. Quasibinary Section NdPO4–Na3PO4

Znamierowska T., Bandrowski Sz.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2006

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Vol. 80, nr 10

1731-1735

EN

Quasibinary section NdPO4–Na3PO4 has been investigated by thermoanalytical methods (DTA, TG, DTG), X-ray powder diffraction and microscopy. Its phase diagram is proposed. It is found, that the parent orthophosphates react in the molar ratio 1:1 yielding an intermediate compound of Na3Nd(PO4)2. This phosphate melts incongruently at 1485C, giving NdPO4 and an Na3PO4-rich liquid. Na3Nd(PO4)2 compound is stable down to room temperature and exhibits a polymorphic transition at about 1040 graduate C.

6

Phase Equilibria in the Ternary System MgO-Na2O-P2O5. The Partial System Mg2P2O7-Mg6Na8(P2O7)5-NaPO3-Mg(PO)2

Podhajska-Kaźmierczak T.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2005

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Vol. 79 / nr 6

1033-1040

EN

The partial system Mg2P2O7-Mg6Na8(P2O7)5-NaPO3-Mg(PO3)2 in the ternary system MgO-Na2O-P2O5, have been investigated and its phase diagram has been proposed. Investigation was carried out by the differential thermal analysis (heating and cooling), X-ray diffraction methods, and microscopy in reflected light. In the composition range under investigation, five ternary phosphates: Mg6Na8(P2O7)5, Mg2Na3P5O16, MgNa(PO3)3, MgNa2(PO3)4 and MgNa4(PO3)6 appear. Two of them,Mg6Na8(P2O7)5 and MgNa4(PO3)6, congruently melt at 808 and 915°C, respectively, the remaining three melt incongruently. Phosphate Mg2Na3P5O16 melts incongruently at 675°C during heating and decomposes in a few stages. Peritectic melting point of MgNa(PO3)3 phosphate is 942°C, and that of MgNa4(PO3)6 is 785°C. For the composition range of Mg2P2O7-Mg6Na8(P2O7)5- NaPO3-Mg(PO3)2, it has been found that six quasi-binary sections, four ternary peritectics (tP 1 = 660°C, tP 2 =876°C, t P 3 = 578°C, tP 4 = 555°C) and three ternary eutectics (tE 1 = 560°C, tE 2 = 845°C, tE 3 = 540°C) occur.

7

Determination of Enantiomeric Excess of Cyclophosphamide by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)

Tadeusiak E., Kruszyński R., Misiura K.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2004

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Vol. 78 / nr 3

431-435

EN

The anticancer agent: cyclophosphamide 1 was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The linear correlations between intensity/spectra from X-ray powder diffraction/and enantiomeric excess was observed.

8

Isothermal Section of Phase Diagram of Lu-Ge-In Ternary System at 870 K

Tyvanchuk Y., Kalychak Ya. M., Zaremba V. I., L. D. Gulay L. D.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2002

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Vol. 76 / nr 4

491-495

EN

The isothermal section of the Lu-Ge-In phase diagram at 870 K over the whole concentration range has been constructed using X-ray phase analysis. Only LuGe1-xInx (x = 0.035) compound (CrB-structure type, space group Cmcm, a = 4.1582(1), b = 10.4616(4), c = 3.8664(1) A) is formed in the ternary system. The Lu5Ge3 compound dissolves up to 10 at. % of indium along the isoconcentration of lutetium 62.5 at. %.