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LCLS - Large Laser Infrastructure Development and Local Implications

Romaniuk R. S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2014

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Vol. 60, No. 2

187-192

EN

The most powerful now in the world, American X-ray laser LCLS (Linac Coherent Light Source), has been working as a research and user facility since 2009. It is further developed to LCLS II machine at the Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC in Menlo Park CA. In a certain sense, LCLS II is a response to the EXFEL machine and a logical extension of LCLS. All these machines are light sources of the fifth generation. EXFEL is expected to open user facility in 2016, at a cost of over 1 mld Euro. LCLS II, which design started in 2010, will be operational in 2017. The lasers LCLS, LCLS II and EXFEL use SASE and SEED methods to generate light and are powered by electron linacs, LCLS by a warm one, and EXFEL by a cold one. The linacs have energies approaching 20 GeV, and are around 2 - 3 km in length. EXFEL linac uses SRF TESLA microwave cavity technology at 1,3 GHz. A prototype of EXFEL was FLASH laser. SLAC Laboratory uses effectively over 50 years experience in research, building and exploitation of linear electron accelerators. In 2009, a part of the largest 3 km SLAC linac was used to build the LCLS machine. For the LCLS II machine a new infrastructure is build for two new laser beams and a number of experimental stations. A number of experts and young researchers from Poland participate in the design, construction and research of the biggest world linear and elliptical accelerators and FEL lasers like LCLS (Stanford), EXFEL (DESY) and CEBAF (JLab), and a few more. The paper concentrates on the development state-of-the-art of large laser infrastructure and its global and local impact, in the competitive world of R&D. LCLS infrastructure implications in Poland are considered.

2

Lasery rentgenowskie LCLS i LCLS II : SLAC

Romaniuk R. S.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2013

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Vol. 54, nr 5

66-69

PL

Najpotężniejszy obecnie na świecie, Amerykański Laser Rentgenowski LCLS (Liniac Coherent Ligt Source), czyli liniakowe koherentne źródło światła, działa od roku 2009, jako urządzenie badawcze i użytkowe, i jest dalej rozwijane do postaci LCLS II na terenie narodowego Amerykańskiego laboratorium SLAC przy uniwersytecie Stanforda, zlokalizowanego w miejscowości Menlo Park w Kalifornii. W pewnym sensie LCLS II jest odpowiedzią na budowę maszyny EXFEL. Jest to źródło światła piątej generacji. Przewiduje się uruchomienie EXFEL w latach 2015/16, kosztem znacznie ponad 1 mid Euro. LCLS II, którego projekt rozpoczął się w 2010, będzie uruchomiony w roku 2017. Lasery LCLS, LCLS II oraz EXFEL, wykorzystują metody SASE oraz SEED do generacji światła, i są zasilane liniakami elektronowymi, LCLS ciepłym a EXFEL zimnym, o energii kilkanaście GeV i długości ponad 2 km. Liniak EXFEL wykorzystuje technologię nadprzewodzącą SRF TESLA o częstotliwości 1,3 GHz. Prototypem maszyny EXFEL jest laser FLASH. Laboratorium SLAC korzysta z ponad 50-letniego doświadczenia budowy i eksploatacji liniowych akceleratorów elektronowych. W roku 2009 fragment największego, 3 km elektronowego akceleratora liniowego SLAC został wykorzystany do budowy maszyny LCLS. Dla maszyny LCLS II budowana jest nowa infrastruktura dla dwóch nowych wiązek laserowych. W badaniach i budowie największych światowych akceleratorów liniowych i pierścieniowych oraz laserów FEL takich jak LCLS (Stanford), EXFEL (DESY) i CEBAF (JLab) biorą udział specjaliści i młodzi uczeni z Polski.

EN

The most powerful now in the world, American X-ray laser LCLS (Linac Coherent Light Source), has been working as a research and user facility since 2009. It is further developed to LCLSII machine at the Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC in Menlo Park CA. In a certain sense, LCLS is a response to the EXFEL machine and a logical extension of LCLS. All these machines are light sources of the fifth generation. EXFE-Lis expected to open user facility in 2016, at a cost of over 1 bil Euro. LCLS II, which design started in 2010, will be operational in 2017. The lasers LCLS, LCLS II and EXFEL use SASE and SEED methods to generate light and are powered by electron liniacs, LCLS by a wrm one, and EXFEL by a cold one. The liniacs have energies approaching 20 GeV, and are around 2 - 3 km in length. EXFEL liniac uses SRF TESLA cavity technology at 1,3GHz. A prototype of EXFEL was FLASH laser. SLAC Laboratory uses effectively over 50-years experience in research, building and exploitation of linear electron accelerators. In 2009, a part of the largest 3 km SLAC liniac was used to build the LCLS machine. For the LCLS II machine a new infrastructure is build for two new laser beams and a number of experimental stations. A number of experts and young researchers from Poland participate in the design, construction and research of the biggest world linear and elliptical accelerators and FEL lasers like LCLS (Stanford), EXFEL (DESY) and CEBAF (JLab), and a few more.

3

Europejski laser rentgenowski

Romaniuk R. S.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2013

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Vol. 54, nr 4

149-154

PL

Europejski Laser Rentgenowski EXFEL jest budowany na terenie laboratorium Niemieckiego Synchrotronu Elektronowego DESY w Hamburgu. Przewiduje się jego uruchomienie w latach 2015/16, kosztem ponad 1 mld Euro. Laser, wykorzystujący metodę SASE, zasilany jest liniakiem elektronowym o energii 17,5 GeV i długości ponad 2 km. Liniak wykorzystuje technologię nadprzewodzącą SRF TESLA o częstotliwości 1,3 GHz. Prototypem maszyny EXFEL jest laser FLASH (o długości ok. 200 m), gdzie sprawdzono "proof of principle" i technologie transferowane do większej maszyny. Projekt rozpoczęto w latach dziewięćdziesiątych budową w DESY laboratorium TTF – Tesla Test Facility. Laser EXFEL jest pokłosiem większego (obecnie zarzuconego w Niemczech a podjętego przez środowisko międzynarodowe w postaci projektu ILC) projektu budowy wielkiego zderzacza teraelektronowoltowego TESLA. W budowie i badaniach laserów FLASH i EXFEL biorą udział specjaliści i młodzi uczeni z Polski.

EN

European X-Ray FEL - free electron laser is under construction in DESY Hamburg. It is scheduled to be operational at 2015/16 at a cost more than 1 billion Euro. The laser uses SASE method to generate x-ray light. It is propelled by an electron linac of 17,5 GeV energy and more than 2 km in length. The linac uses superconducting SRF TESLA technology working at 1,3 GHz in freguency. The prototype of EXFEL is FLASH Laser (200 m in length), where the "proof of principle" was checked, and from the technologies were transferred to the bigger machine. The project was started in the nineties by building a TTF Laboratory -Tesla Test Facility. The EXFEL laser is a child of a much bigger teraelectronovolt collider project TESLA (now abandoned in Germany but undertaken by international community in a form the ILC). A number of experts and young researchers from Poland participate in the design, construction and research of the FLASH and EXFEL lasers.

4

X-ray laser emission from a laser-irradiated gas puff target

Fiedorowicz H., Bartnik A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 2

103-111

EN

The paper describes the research on soft X-ray lasers with an active medium created using a gas puff target irradiated with high-intensity laser pulses. The gas puff target in a form of an elongated gas sheet is produced by pulsed injection of gas through a slit nozzle using a high-pressure electromagnetic valve. The method of generation of soft X-ray lasers using a laser-irradiated gas puff target has been developed at the Institute of Optoelectronics. The collaborative experiments were performed at various laser laboratories using high-intensity laser systems to irradiate the gas puff target and pump the X-ray laser active medium. Results of these experiments are presented and discussed. Works aimed at increasing the efficiency of X-ray lasers using a longitudinally irradiated gas puff target are also reviewed.

5

Induced m=0 instability in fast ablative capillary discharges and possible utilisation for X-ray lasers

Ellwi S., Andreic Z., Ferri S., Juschkin L., Koshelev K., Kunze H.

Nukleonika

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2001

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Vol. 46, nr 1

1-3

EN

High current linear discharges confined by their own magnetic field are subject to magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities which perturb a straight plasma column. An example is the m=0 mode, which is characterised by the development of necks contracting rapidly towards the axis with the ion sound speed. Discharges through capillaries were assumed to be stable hitherto, but by cutting capillaries lengthwise after a few shots hot spot traces clearly imprinted on the inner wall of the capillary are observed. They are interpreted as marks of an m=0 instability, and this interpretation is substantiated by a series of time-gated pinhole images, which show that the hot plasma region is clearly detached from the wall at the second current maximum and concentrated on the axis thus making the development of the instability possible. The instability occurs only with a specific sample of polyacetal as wall material, and its axial wavelength increases with the length of the capillary. By modulating respectively the inner wall of the capillary the wavelength can be imposed within limits. This is exploited for a soft X-ray laser scheme based on charge exchange pumping of bare carbon ions of hot plasma streaming from the necks and colliding with cold plasma outside the neck regions. Exponential growth of the Balmer-alfa line of CVI at 18.22 nm is realised.