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The Analysis of Foundry Engineering of Copper Alloys Based on the Research of a Metallurgist Settlement in Szczepidło

Garbacz-Klempka A., Makarowicz P., Tokarski T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 1

45--50

EN

The article presents chosen aspects of foundry engineering of the settlement dwellers, including the archaeometric characteristics and metal science analysis of the artefacts, as well as an attempted reconstruction of the production organization. Discovered in Szczepidło (Greater Poland), the foundry workshop is unique in Central European Bronze Age. This workshop foundry operated roughly XIV-XII Century BC. Its production is evidenced by the presence of markers of the whole production cycle: semi-finished and finished products, production waste, fragments of crucibles and casting ladles with traces of usage, and tools. On this basis the alloys and foundry technologies used have been described. The analysis of foundry technology of copper alloys in the settlement area was carried out by observing the surface and structure of the products, semi-finished artefacts and fragments of crucibles by applying optical microscopy (OM), confocal microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray radiography (RT). The investigations of compositions were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDS).

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Bronze Jewellery from the Early Iron Age urn-field in Mała Kępa. An approach to casting technology

Garbacz-Klempka A., Kowalski Ł., Gackowski J., Perek-Nowak M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 3

175--183

EN

This study characterizes the bronze jewellery recovered from the Lusatian culture urn-field in Mała Kępa (Chełmno land, Poland). Among many common ornaments (e.g. necklaces, rings, pins) the ones giving evidence of a steppe-styled inspiration (nail earrings) were also identified. With the dendritic microstructures revealed, the nail earrings prove the implementing of a lost-wax casting method, whereas some of the castings were further subjected to metalworking. The elemental composition indicates the application of two main types of bronze alloys: Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Pb. It has been established that the Lusatian metalworkers were familiar with re-melting the scrap bronze and made themselves capable of roasting the sulphide-rich ores. The collection from Mała Kępa has been described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X - ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint an alloy profile of the castings with a special emphasis on the nail earrings, the data-set (ED-XRF, EDS) was statistically evaluated using multidimensional analyses (FA, DA).

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Archaeometallurgical Investigations of the Early Iron Age Casting Workshop at Kamieniec. A Preliminary Study

Garbacz-Klempka A., Kowalski Ł., Kozana J., Gackowski J., Perek-Nowak M., Szczepańska G., Piękoś M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 3

29--34

EN

(Chełmno land, Poland) as it is reflected through casting workshop recovered during recent excavations. Among ready products, the ones giving evidence of local metallurgy (e.g. casting moulds and main runners) were also identified. With the shrinkage cavities and dendritic microstructures revealed, the artifacts prove the implementing a casting method by the Lusatian culture metalworkers. The elemental composition indicates application of two main types of bronzes: Cu-Sn and Cu-Pb. Aside these main alloying additions, some natural impurities such as silver, arsenic, antimony and nickel were found which may be attributed to the origin of the ore and casting technology. The collection from Kamieniec was described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint either local or non-local profile of the alloys, the ED-XRF data-set was statistically evaluated using a factor analysis (FA).

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Wykorzystanie fluorescencyjnego spektrometru rentgenowskiego (XRF) w analizie elementów elektronicznych i płytek drukowanych na zgodność z dyrektywą RoHS

Kościelski M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2009

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Vol. 50, nr 7

90-92

PL

Rentgenowska spektrometria fluorescencyjna jest techniką, która w szybki nieniszczący sposób umożliwia analizę zarówno podzespołów jak i uzbrojonych płytek. W ten sposób wybiera się tylko miejsca, które muszą zostać poddane dokładnej analizie technikami mokrymi.

EN

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a nondestructive and fast technique, it enables both analysis of printed current boards and elements. Only selected peaces can be further examined by more pricy techniques such as ICP.