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Investigating snowplow-related injury severity along mountainous roadway in Wyoming

Haq Muhammad Tahmidul, Reza Imran, Ksaibati Khaled

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

2023

Vol. 8, No. 1

73--88

Snow removal and deicing using snowplow trucks assist transportation agencies to enhance roadway safety and mobility. However, due to slower travel speeds during these operations, motorists often end up in crashes for poor visibility and disturbance of the snow. Despite the risk associated with snowplows, no previous study was found that exclusively investigate the factors associated with injury severity in snowplow-involved crashes. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive exploratory analysis and fills this knowledge gap by identifying the significant contributing factors affecting the occupant injury severity from the aspects of crashes with snowplow involvement. The study utilized eleven years (2010-2020) of historical snowplow-related crash data from Wyoming. Both the binary logit model and mixed binary logit model were developed to investigate the impacts of the various occupant, vehicle, crash, roadway, and environmental characteristics on the corresponding occupant injury severity. As one of the important findings from this research concludes that other vehicle drivers are more responsible than snowplow drivers contributing to more severe injuries in crashes involving snowplows. Recommendations suggested based on the modeling results are expected to help transportation agencies and policymakers take necessary actions in reducing snowplow-involved crashes by targeting appropriate strategies and proper resource allocation.

Cylindrichnus concentricus Toots in Howard, 1966 (trace fossil) in its type locality, Upper Cretaceous, Wyoming

Ekdale A. A., Harding S. C.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2015

Vol. 85, No. 3

427--432

Cylindrichnus concentricus is a wide spread trace fossil in shallow marine sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. This paper clarifies the ichnotaxonomy of C. concentricus by of fering an emended diagnosis of the ichnogenus and a new diagnosis of the ichnospecies. The broad, bow-shaped architecture of C. concentricus with two openings at the sediment surface suggests that the trace maker was either a filter-feeding animal that captured suspended food particles from the water column or else a surface deposit feeder that employed tentacles or an eversible pharynx to collect nutritious sediment from the surface around one or both of the burrow openings. Although C. concentricus has been reported in a variety of different sedimentary environments around the world, in its type locality in the Cretaceous of Wyoming the trace fossilis found in low-diversity or monoichnospecific beds that exhibit hummocky cross stratification. This occurrence suggests the burrower’s tolerance (or perhaps preference) for an episodic high-energy hydrodynamic environmentre lated to major storms.