Every so often we witness a return of a hitherto unresolved topic about the hydraulic engineering works conducted by the Teutonic Knights in the vicinity of Lidzbark. There are several opinions concerning the location of and reasons for their endeavor. There is original documentation in Latin from the mid-14th century with a reference to the approximate location of the works. Subsequent information on this subject appeared at the end of the 19th century. On the basis of contemporary geological studies, the author tries to refute the thesis that the Teutonic Knights dug a trench from Cibórz to Lidzbark, thus connecting two rivers called Wel and Wkra. The presumed 14th-century construction is a watercourse from the Wel River in Bełk (below Cibórz) to Turza Mała and the Płośniczanka River. The Wel river was called Vcra (1260); Wykara (1303), Welle (1600), or Wkra (1945), while on the Henneberger map from 1600, the Płośniczanka river was called Wellefl uss, and the changes in its course are most visible in the vicinity of the Koty village. Presumably there was a translation error: the Teutonic Knights made a ditch in the vicinity of Cibórz and released water to Lidzbark, which was interpreted as: ‘The Teutonic Knights made a ditch from Cibórz to Lidzbark’. Contemporary geological studies and maps exclude the possibility of connecting the Wel and Wkra rivers in the Middle Ages, while in the Holocene, there was a natural connection, the trace of which is the old riverbed called Martwica. The article describes the present physical state of the area in the Lubawa region.
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In this paper the analysis is limited to the one-dimensional cases of stationary transport of mass discharged into water flowing in an open channel. Contaminant transport in natural streams is considered on the basis of tracer studies in Wkra small lowland river. Theories describing the spread of conservative and passive pollutants in the context of a longitudinal dispersion model. The statistical moments of the concentration time distributions as functions of distance are also analysed. The analysis of the values representing the dynamics of the transport of tracer from the release point to the given cross-section was conducted from the obtained concentration distributions. Mean time of residence of the indicator, variance, skewness, excess, longitudial dispersion coefficient were determined.
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