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Wincenty Pol i koleje żelazne – ujęcie geograficzno-historyczne

Kowalczyk Karol

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

2020

nr 23(1)

8--27

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, w ujęciu geograficzno-historycznym, związków Wincentego Pola (1807-1872) z kolejami żelaznymi. Jako świadek ich rozwoju w Europie Środkowej, a jednocześnie geograf – profesor Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, dostrzegał zalety nowego środka transportu dla gospodarki, społeczeństwa i krajoznawstwa. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano epizody z biografii W. Pola w odniesieniu do etapów procesu przestrzennej dyfuzji kolei na świecie. Dokonano próby wskazania miejsc i okoliczności jego bezpośredniej styczności z drogami żelaznymi, w szczególności podczas odbywanych podróży. Wskazano też elementy jego dorobku naukowego związane z geografią transportu kolejowego. W badaniach opierano się na pismach, w tym korespondencji W. Pola oraz innych źródłach o charakterze tekstowym, ikonograficznym i kartograficznym. Najważniejszym wynikiem przeprowadzonych analiz jest przestrzenna rekonstrukcja przebiegu tras, które W. Pol mógł pokonać pociągiem między 1845 a 1872 r.

The aim of the article is to show, in geographic and historical terms, the links between the life of Wincenty Pol (1807–1872) and the railways. As a witness of their development in Central Europe, and at the same time a geographer – professor at the Jagiellonian University, he saw the advantages of the new mode of transport for the economy, society and sightseeing. The paper analyses episodes from W. Pol’s biography with a reference to the stages of the process of spatial diffusion of railways in the world. An attempt was made to indicate the places and circumstances of his direct contact with railways, especially during his travels. Elements of his scientific output related to the geography of rail transport were also indicated. The research was based on his writings, including the mail, and other literature, iconographic and cartographic sources. The most important result of the analyses is a spatial reconstruction of the routes that W. Pol could have travelled by train between 1845 and 1872.

Dźwięk w opisach krajoznawczych Wincentego Pola

Harasimiuk Krystyna

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2008

nr 11

29--35

One of the characteristics of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century was not only the development of philosophy and natural sciences, but also an increased tendency of discovering the World. Travelling became a common trend at that time. Its consequence was a very rich literature, which reported the impressions of taken expeditions. Observations concerned different aspects of the then life, but of the greatest interest were the descriptions of landscapes, which were done by the way of drawings, paintings or literary works. Wincenty Pol is considered to be the precursor of landscape descriptions of Poland. He perceived the landscape not only as a romantic poet but also as a scientistgeographer. During his life he had made many voyages and research expeditions, discovering Poland within its pre-partition frontiers. Very rich literary and scientific production of Wincenty Pol was deeply analysed both by literature historians, linguists and nature scientists. For geographers especially precious are his landscape descriptions combined with scientific observations. Authors of those analyses accentuate incredible quickness of perception of an author of „Pieśni o ziemi naszej” and his great talent in operating with space and colour. However, they completely omit acoustic effects, which in Pol’s literary and scientific works play an important role. From the landscape description point of view, the most precious are his letters written during voyages to his wife Kornelia and two volumes of „Obrazy z życia natury”. In his descriptions of polish lands one may hear cracks, roars, bells, birds singing, wind whistling and even the silence of the night on the step. Below is the example of step landscape painted by sound: […] Rustle of these reeds troubled with the wind gives a unique hum, which cannot be compared neither to sough of woods, nor with the sough of waters – hard, rough, unpleasant, sometimes drawling and wistful, strangely coming into line with the view of this land and with the fatherland of tombs […] („Obrazy z życia i natury” – Ze stepu p. 198). Acoustic effects are here very suggestive, strongly involving imagination of a reader. Wincenty Pol as a geographer and land researcher was under the visible influence of Aleksander von Humboldt, the great traveller and one of the founders of a modern geography. In Humboldt’s reports of his journey to the New World, which he made at the end of the 18th century, inter alia sounds of Amazon jungle are perfectly captured. In his later works he had been proving that sense of hearing in research of natural phenomena played a very important role. This great scientist is being considered to be the pioneer of contemporary acoustic ecology movement, which aims at the perseverance of natural environmental sounds by way of the recordings. Wincenty Pol could with the great talent of a poet – scientist, include word expression of nature sounds as an important element to the landscape description.