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1

Regeneration as a method of protection and preservation of architectural-urban heritage on the example of historical seventeenth and eighteenth-century cities of Western Ukraine

Lukomska Zoryana, Lukomska Halyna

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2022

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Nr 70

7--16

EN

This paper discusses the valuable historical urban planning structures of Western Ukraine, which arose in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and were residence cities. At present, valuable castle, castle-palace, palace-residential, religious, landscape complexes of the mentioned period often play the role of dominants in the historical cities of Western Ukraine, but the state of preservation of these elements is often unsatisfactory and they need protection and preservation. Most of these structures are more or less significantly damaged, while others were destroyed and are in need of complete regeneration. This study offers a solution to preserving the structures of urban heritage from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries via measures aimed at regenerating the historic environment of valuable urban structures. The paper examines the historical-architectural development of historical cities (Mykulyntsi, Stanislaviv, Lyashky Murovani). On the example of these cities, we proposed four levels of the implementation of a complex of measures aimed at the regeneration of valuable urban structures.

PL

W artykule omówiono cenne historycznie obiekty urbanistyczne Ukrainy Zachodniej, które powstały w XVII–XVIII wieku i były miastami-rezydencjami. Dziś rolę dominant w miastach często odgrywają cenne zespoły zamkowe, zamkowo-pałacowe, pałacowo-rezydencjonalne, sakralne czy krajobrazowe z tego okresu, jednak stan zachowania tych elementów jest często niezadowalający i wymaga ochrony oraz konserwacji. Większość obiektów nosi ślady większych lub większych szkód, a niektóre są całkowicie zniszczone i wymagają pełnej regeneracji. W pracy zaproponowano rozwiązanie problemu zachowania obiektów dziedzictwa urbanistycznego z XVII–XVIII wieku poprzez opracowanie zestawu działań mających na celu rewitalizację środowiska historycznego cennych zabytków miejskich. Szczegółowo omówiono architektoniczny rozwój ośrodków historycznych (Mykułynci, Stanisławów, Laszki Murowane). Na przykładzie wymienionych miast zaproponowano cztery poziomy realizacji zestawu działań mających na celu rewitalizację cennych obiektów miejskich.

2

Semantic aspects of architectural dominants transformation in Western Ukrainian cities in the 1940s–1950s

Isupova Mariia

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2020

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nr 43

261--268

EN

This article focuses on the semantic aspects of architectural dominants transformation in Western Ukraine in the second half of the 1940s - 1950s. On the example of cities-regional centres, such as Rivne, Lutsk and Ternopil, the so-called "socialist reconstruction", which created new dominants in the urban silhouette, embodying the Soviet ideological principles in the architectural space is examined.

3

O architekturze zachodniej Ukrainy w aspekcie estetyczno-wrażeniowym nostalgii historycznej

Chmielewski Wojciech Jan, Zawada-Pęgiel Katarzyna, Złowodzki Maciej

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2019

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T. 47

85--109

PL

Zachodnia Ukraina budzi u nas spory ładunek emocji o historycznym rodowodzie. Na tym terenie znajduje się wiele obiektów i założeń powstających od XIV stulecia, będących świadkami polskiej obecności i naszego wkładu w kulturę tych ziem. Szczególne jest miejsce zabytków architektury sakralnej i licznych - militarnej. W krótkim okresie międzywojnia powstał szereg obiektów i założeń świadczących o wysokim poziomie warsztatu projektowego. Obecny ich stan techniczny jest przeważnie nader zły. Korzystny byłby nasz udział w przywróceniu świetności świadkom naszej tam, już historycznej, wielowiekowej obecności.

EN

Western Ukraine arouses a high emotional charge of historical origin. There are a number of buildings and complexes in this area created since the 14th century, that are the witnesses of the Polish presence and our contribution to the culture of these lands. The monuments of sacred architecture and numerous military ones occupy a special place. In the short interwar period a number of structures and complexes that demonstrate a high level of design technique were created. Their current technical state is usually very bad. Our participation in restoring splendour to the witnesses of our, historical centuries-old presence, would be beneficial.

4

The role of the tenement housing development in the urban structure of Western and Central Ukraine during the Secession era

Orlenko Mykola, Ivashko Yuliia

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2019

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nr 27

52--60

EN

The principles of the formation of the urban planning space of cities of Western and Central Ukraine during the period of Secession, the role of profitable residential development in the city structure are analyzed. The differences between the Secession development of Lviv, Chernivtsi, Stanislaviv and Kiev are identified, examples of the main ensembles and individual buildings are given. Using the example of the house of architect Władysław Horodecki (the so-called House with Chimaeras), we have highlighted the specific features of restoration of buildings of the era of Secession.

5

Współczesne tendencje rozwoju komunikacji trolejbusowej w dużych miastach zachodniej Ukrainy

Rudakevych I.

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2017

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nr 20(2)

19--30

PL

W niniejszej publikacji zostały przedstawione współczesne tendencje przestrzennego rozwoju komunikacji trolejbusowej w dużych miastach zachodniej Ukrainy. Badanymi miastami są Lwów, Łuck, Równe, Tarnopol, Iwano-Frankiwsk i Czerniowce. Trolejbusowe systemy komunikacji tego regionu charakteryzują się bogatą historią i strukturą przestrzenną sieci. Przeważa tu radialne planowanie sieci, co powoduje problemy w ich eksploatacji. Linie trolejbusowe w tych miastach mają długość od 64 do 119 km, ale obecnie trwa ich rozbudowa przeważnie do nowo powstających osiedli mieszkaniowych. W większości miast funkcjonuje 8-10 linii trolejbusowych, które pokrywają główne ciągi komunikacyjne. W każdym z miast eksploatuje się od 48 do 89 sprawnych trolejbusów przeważnie produkcji zagranicznej. Producentem większości z nich jest czeska Skoda. W ostatnich latach zostały zakupione pojazdy używane z krajów UE. Tabor miejskich systemów trolejbusowych w zachodniej Ukrainie jest mocno wyeksploatowany, a średni wiek pojazdów wynosi od 20 do 28 lat. W artykule przeprowadzono szczegółową analizę uwarunkowań rozwoju sieci trolejbusowych i scharakteryzowano tabor w każdym z sześciu badanych miast. Głównym problemem rozwoju tych systemów jest niedostateczne finansowanie. Perspektywy rozwoju wiążą się z rozbudową sieci połączeń, zakupem i modernizacją taboru trolejbusowego oraz wprowadzeniem nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych.

EN

In this article, the modern spatial trends of development of trolleybus transport in the big cities of the western Ukraine are considered. The cities under investigation are the following: Lviv, Lutsk, Rivne, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi. The trolleybus systems of this region have been developed in similar circumstances as the past. The radial planning of network prevails here, which causes some inconveniences for exploitations. Trolleybus lines in these cities have lengths of 64 to 119 kilometers, but in the future, their development will last mainly in the inhabited microregions. In most cities, 8-10 trolleybus routes that cover main transport highways functioned. In each city, there are 48 to 89 operating trolleybuses, mainly imported products (majority – Czech Skoda). In recent years, massive amounts of used machines from the countries of the EU were bought. The rolling stock of the systems of trolleybuses in big cities of West of Ukraine is exhaust, and middle age machines hesitates from 20 to 28 years. The article analyzes the determinants of the trolleybus network development. The author characterizes the rolling stocks in each of the six cities which are under investigation. The main problem of the development of these systems is insufficient funding. The prospects of the development are related to the expansion of the network of connections, the purchase and modernization of trolleybus rolling stock and the introduction of modern technological solutions.

6

Limpet-shaped gastropods of the genus Diodora (Vetigastropoda: Fissurellidae) from the Middle Miocene of Western Ukraine

Dell'Angelo B., Sosso M., Anistratenko O., Anistratenko V.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 2

235--247

EN

The genus Diodora Gray, 1821 is widely represented in the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys with specimens usually attributed to D. graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) or D. italic (Defrance, 1820), well-known recent species of the Atlantic / Mediterranean Basin. In samples from the Upper Badenian of Western Ukraine we found two clusters of Diodora specimens, showing a similarity with these species, but a review of shell diagnostic characters using a statistical approach has revealed their clear conchological separateness. The first species from Varovtsi and Horodok is attributed herein to D. nodosa (Eichwald, 1830), whereas the second species from Maksymivka is described as a new species, D. stalennuyi sp. nov. We consider that these molluscs inhabited the Polish-Ukrainian marginal part of the Late Badenian Basin. Detailed descriptions of the protoconch and teleoconch morphology of the taxa involved, including SEM images, are presented.

7

Klasyczne stanowiska paleontologiczne górnej kredy zachodniej Ukrainy: historia badań oraz biostratygrafia

Machalski M., Malchyk O.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 8

570--576

EN

For a long time, outcrops at Potelych, Nahoryany and Lviv in western Ukraine have been of special interestfor Campanian andMaastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) palaeontology and biostratigraphy. An overview of studies devoted to these classic sites is presented, including an early account of the locality of Nahoryany in a Polish newspaper, dated 1843. The biostratigraphic position ofthese successions is reviewed, based on recent progress in studies of inoceramid bivalves and ammonites. The succession at Potelych, from where a unique land flora was described at the beginning of the 20th century, represents the upper Campanian “Ino- ceramus” costaecus Zone. The Nahoryany opoka, the source of rich fossil collections that were sent to many European museums in the 19th century, belongs to the lower Maastrichtian Endo- costea typica and Trochoceramus radiosus zones. The so-called Lviv marls correspond to the lower upper Maastrichtian Spyridocera- mus tegulatus Zone. The giant scaphitid ammonites Hoploscaphites quadrispinosus and Acanthoscaphites tridens s. str from Potelych and Nahoryany corroborate the inoceramid-based dating of these successions.

8

Remarks on the correlation of tectonic blocks in the foreland of the East European Craton in Poland with those in Ukraine

Mizerski W., Stupka O., Olczak-Dusseldorp I.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

124--132

EN

According to common interpretations, two narrow crustal blocks are supposed to occur on the south-western edge or in the foreland of the East European Craton. The first one, bounded on the NE by the Nowe Miasto-Radom-Rava Ruska fault system, and on the SW by the Holy Cross Fault, stretches NW-SE from the Łysogóry-Radom region in Poland to the Rava Ruska Zone in Ukraine. The second one, bounded on the NE by the Holy Cross Fault, and from the SW by the Chmielnik-Ryszkowa Wola–Krakovets fault zone, is thought to tie together the Kielce area of the Holy Cross region with the Kokhanivka Zone in Ukraine. Both these blocks may have formed in connection with the development of regional listric faults during Precambrian asymmetric stretching of the Baltica continent, and were part of the marginal zone of the East European Craton. The sedimentary development of the blocks can be comparable to the Blake Plateau off the Florida coast. Both the Paleozoic sections and tectonic deformation styles in the Polish and Ukrainian segments of these blocks are different. Paleozoic tectonic structures of the Holy Cross region have a southern vergence, while the Paleozoic rocks of the Rava Ruska and Kokhanivka regions in western Ukraine are thrust towards the NE. This demonstrates the different tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic succession between the Holy Cross region and western Ukraine, and makes questionable the genetic relationships between these two regions. In this situation, the tectonic blocks of the foreland should be considered heterogeneous. Structural-facies evidence suggests that the SW boundary of the East European Craton should be moved at least to the Chmielnik–Ryszkowa Wola-Krakovets fault.

9

Disclosure of the value of urban heritage in the Western Ukraine as a way to its preservation

Lukomska Z., Polishchuk L., Lukomska H.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2015

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Y. 112, iss. 7-A

39--50

EN

This paper presents the problem concerning preservation of urban heritage by developing the concept of regeneration of historic environment and implementation of specific programmes concerning its protection and preservation. Proposed programmes, concerning protection and preservation of historic potential of the described towns will enhance the value of urban heritage, will create an opportunity to inform the public about historic aspects of the urban development, and reduce the possibility of their mistreating – and inapt attitudes towards historic sites.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sposób ochrony historycznych układów miejskich poprzez opracowanie urbanistycznych koncepcji ich rewaloryzacji w oparciu o badania archiwalne i studia terenowe. Sporządzanie konkretnych programów konserwatorskich sprzyja zachowaniu i podkreśleniu architektoniczno-urbanistycznych wartości dziedzictwa historycznego. Pozwoli to na uświadomienie społeczeństwu historycznego znaczenia tego dziedzictwa, co doprowadzić może do jego społecznej akceptacji i zapobieżeniu dalszej destrukcji.

10

Origin of the palaeokarst in Miocene evaporites on the SW periphery of the Eastern European Platform in the light of palynological studies : a case study of the Zoloushka Cave, Bukovina, Western Ukraine

Andreychouk V., Worobiec E., Gedl P., Worobiec G.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2014

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Vol. 84, No. 4

297--322

EN

The Zoloushka Cave belongs to a group of the largest gypsum caves in Western Ukraine (Bukovina region), developed in the middle Miocene (upper Badenian) evaporite series (Tyras Formation) on the SW periphery of the East European Platform. It is developed in the lower part of the evaporite series composed of gypsum, which is covered by a carbonate layer (Ratyn Limestone). The uneven upper surface of the gypsum at the contact with the limestone, the frequent occurrence of palaeokarst forms, and the presence of karstified fissures filled with allochthonous material indicate a sedimentation break between the gypsum and the overlying limestone. To support this thesis and to add new data on the age and palaeoenvironmental conditions of palaeokarst formation in the Bukovina region, palynological studies were carried out on material from the Zoloushka Cave. Palynofacies, sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts were studied. In total, over 70 sporomorph taxa and over 25 dinoflagellate cyst taxa have been identified in four samples collected from the filling of the palaeokarstic forms in the cave. The results of the analysis of sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts point to the formation of the palaeokarst during the sedimentation break that took place at the end of the late Badenian evaporitic cycle in the Western Ukraine region. The subsequent marine transgression led to the filling of the karst forms in gypsum with chemogenic carbonate material, precipitated from marine water (draperies) and with fine-grained, clastic material (pockets and fissures).

11

Contamination of soils with heavy metals in the industrialized region of western Ukraine: western Podole Upland

Mandryk O., Radlovska K.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 7, no. 1

75--82

EN

Contamination of surface soil horizons with heavy metals is usually related to long-lasting air pollution and might potentially affect soil fauna, as well as plant growth, harvesting and health of plant consumer. In order to estimate potential health risk, we investigated surface and subsurface soil contamination with heavy metals in avable area in one of the most industrialized region of western Ukraine, western Podole Upland. In total 80 samples from the area of about 35 km2 were sampled and analyzed for content of zinc, nickel, copper, cobalt, lead, arsenic and quicksilver. The research revealed several anomalies, where the content of these elements exceed 3-5 Ukrainian quality guidance for avable soils. Soils are the most contaminated with arsenic and quicksilver, with maximum concentrations exceeding local geochemical background about 20 times. Maximum nickel and zinc concentrations are about 10 times higher than the background while the content of copper and cobalt is elevated up to several times.

PL

Zanieczyszczenie powierzchni gleb metalami ciężkimi jest zazwyczaj wiązane z długotrwałym zanieczyszczeniem powietrza i może wpłynąć na faunę glebową, a także na wzrost roślin oraz zdrowie konsumentów. W celu oszacowania potencjalnego zagrożenia dla zdrowa autorzy badali zanieczyszczenie metalami ciężkimi powierzchni gruntów ornych w jednym z najbardziej uprzemysłowionych regionów zachodniej Ukrainy - zachodnim Podolu. Z powierzchni około 35 km2 pobrano w sumie 80 próbek, które przebadano i przeanalizowano pod względem zawartości cynku, niklu, miedzi, kobaltu, ołowiu, arsenu i rtęci. Badania wykazały liczne nieprawidłowości. Zawartość tych pierwiastków przekracza 3-5 ukraińskich norm jakości gleb uprawnych. Gleby te są najbardziej zanieczyszczone związkami arsenu i rtęci, których maksymalne stężenia lokalnie przekraczają normy geochemiczne aż 20-krotnie. Stężenie niklu i cynku wynosi maksymalnie około 10 razy więcej, niż przewiduje norma, podczas gdy zawartość miedzi i kobaltu jest podwyższona kilkukrotnie.

12

Mykolaiv Sands in Opole Minor and beyond : sedimentary features and biotic content of Middle Miocene (Badenian) sand shoals of Western Ukraine

Wysocka A., Radwański A., Górka M.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

475--492

EN

The Mykolaiv Sands are a huge lithosome of Middle Miocene (Badenian) age, accommodated within the Fore-Carpathian Basin in the Western Ukraine. Typically developed in the area of Opole Minor, it spreads across adjacent regions of Opole to cover an area of about 1300 km2. The varied sedimentary structures and ubiquitous burrows, indicate their development as a stack of sand shoals or related bodies, up to a few tens of metres thick, some of which temporarily reached sea level. Amidst the shoals, storm scours intermittently formed channel-like infills, some with residual lags at the base. The reversed density stratification and/or an increasing gravity gradient involved mass movements, some of which may have been triggered by seismic shocks focused at the shore or the adjacent hinterland of Podolia and Volhynia. Special attention is paid to the diverse fossils, all taphonomically filtered (aragonite shells and chitinous carapaces being lost), but which locally are mass-aggregated. They typify particular sand sets/bodies, to form allochthonous assemblages, some members of which (the cirripedes Scalpellum and Creusia, the shark Hemipristis, the ray Myliobatis) are newly recognized in the Ukrainian part of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. The others enrich considerably the faunal content of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Paratethyan basins, either in terms of taxonomic diversity, or the eco-taphonomy of selected taxa (the starfish Astropecten, diverse echinoids). The whole faunal content of the Mykolaiv Sands may owe its profuse development to the global Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum of early Badenian age.

13

Assessment of hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Palaeozoic strata in the Tarnogród–Stryi area (SE Poland and western Ukraine)

Więcław D., Kosakowski P., Kotarba M.J., Koltun Y. V., Kowalski A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 1

65–-80

EN

Quantity, genetic type and maturity of organic matter dispersed in the Lower Palaeozoic sequence from the Lower Cambrian to Silurian strata of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Foredeep basement in the Tarnogród–Stryi area were evaluated based on the results of geochemical analyses of 475 rock samples collected from 45 wells. The best source rocks were found in the Silurian strata where the present total organic carbon (TOC) content is up to 2.6 wt%. They occur in the vicinity of Wola Obszańska, where the median of the present and the initial total organic carbon (TOC) contents in the individual wells amount to 0.98 and 1.6 wt%, respectively. The Cambrian and Ordovician strata have a poorer hydrocarbon potential and their present TOC content never exceeds 1 wt%. In all of the investigated Lower Palaeozoic strata, organic matter is represented by the oil-prone Type-II kerogen deposited in anoxic or sub-oxic conditions. The maturity of source rocks ranges from early mature (the initial phase of the low-temperature thermogenic processes) in selected zones of the Silurian strata in the vicinity of Wola Obszańska, through the middle and the final phase of “oil window” in the Ordovician and Cambrian strata in the Polish part of the study area, to the overmature stage in the Ordovician strata in the south-eastern part of the study area (Ukraine).

14

Precambrian and Palaeozoic basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and the adjacent Outer Carpathians (SE Poland and western Ukraine)

Buła Z., Habryn R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 3

221-239

EN

In south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the Outer Carpathian orogen and the Carpathian Foredeep developed in the foreland of the East-European Platform (Baltica). The area consists of a number of tectonic units included in the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ): the Łysogóry–Radom and Małopolska blocks in the territory of Poland, and the Rava Rus’ka Zone, Kokhanivka Zone and Leżajsk Massif in the Ukraine. The development of the TESZ began in the (?Middle) Late Neoproterozoic and was associated with rifting processes taking place along the western edge of the East-European Craton (Baltica) during the break-up of the Rodinia/ Pannotia supercontinent. The passive margin of Baltica evolved into the TESZ during collisional and/or strike-slip movements. In the TESZ (Małopolska Block and Leżajsk Massif), Ediacaran flysch-type siliciclastics were affected by weak metamorphism and folding during the Cadomian orogeny. The development of Cambrian deposits in the East-European Craton, Łysogóry–Radom Block, northeastern part of the Małopolska Block (Kielce Fold Belt) and in the Rava Rus’ka and Kokhanivka zones was associated with the post-rift thermal subsidence. Tectonic movements (so-called Sandomierz phase), which occurred probably due to an oblique collision of the Małopolska Block (included into the passive margin of Baltica) and the East-European Craton during late Middle Cambrian to Late Cambrian (possibly also Early Ordovician) times, resulted in the following: (1) development of stratigraphical (?erosional) gaps in the Middle and Upper Cambrian sections of the Lublin–Podlasie slope of the East-European Craton and the Kielce Fold Belt in the Małopolska Block; (2) intense tectonic subsidence of the Łysogóry–Radom Block during the deposition of Middle and Upper Cambrian sediments; (3) development of compressional folds in the Lower Cambrian to lower Middle Cambrian deposits of the Kielce Fold Belt on the Małopolska Block. Ordovician–Silurian series were deposited in a typical flexural foredeep basin, in which subsidence and deposition rates accelerated during Late Silurian (Ludlow–Pridoli) and Early Devonian (Lochkovian) times. It is postulated that the present position of the Małopolska Block relative to the Łysogóry–Radom Block and East-European Craton resulted from post-Silurian dextral movements between the Małopolska Block and the East-European Craton. Devonian–Carboniferous deposits occur only in the Małopolska Block located in the Variscan foreland. The Middle-Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous shallow-marine carbonate platforms developed under an extensional regime. The siliciclastic Upper Visean–Lower Namurian A Culm series were deposited in the flexural Variscan foreland basin. During the Late Namurian A, the Małopolska Block was uplifted in response to the build-up of compressional foreland stresses. During post-Carboniferous times, the Precambrian and Palaeozoic deposits were subject to erosion and restructuring during the Alpine orogeny.

15

Microbial gas system and prospectives of hydrocarbon exploration in Miocene strata of the Polish and Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep

Kotarba M. J., Peryt T. M., Koltun Y. V.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 3

523-548

EN

Molecular composition of natural gases accumulated in autochthonous Miocene strata of the Polish and Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep is dominated by methane, which usually constitutes over 98 vol%. Methane was generated by the carbon dioxide reduction pathway of microbial processes. Ethane was generated both during microbial and thermogenic processes ("oil window") and propane at the initial stage of the low-temperature thermogenic processes, and also by the microbial processes. The rhythmic and cyclic deposition of Miocene clays and sands as well as the vigorous generation of microbial methane caused that the gas produced in claystone beds was accumulated in the overlaying sandstones, and capped, in turn, by the succeeding claystones. Such generation and accumulation system of microbial gases gave rise to the formation of multi-horizontal gas fields. Analysis of the distribution of immature humic dispersed organic matter in the Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian sequences indicates that it is practically homogeneous. A migration range of microbial gases was insignificant and locations of their accumulations would depend only on the existence of proper type of traps (compactional anticlines situated above basement uplifts, sealed by the Carpathian Overthrust and/or by faults; stratigraphic pinching out and stratigraphic traps related to unconformities). Another situation is encountered in the south, beneath the Carpathian Overthrust. The thickness of the autochthonous Miocene strata in this area is more than 1,500 metres. Geochemical studies reveal that from a depth of 2,500 metres starts the process of low-temperature thermogenic hydrocarbon generation (“oil window”). At greater depths, more than 7,500 metres, within the autochthonous Lower Miocene basin only the high-temperature methane ("gas window") could be produced and accumulated.

16

Facies of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sediments in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep (western Ukraine)

Krajewski M., Król K., Olszewska B., Felisiak I., Skwarczek M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 3

291-307

EN

The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous carbonate sediments developed in a narrow, Ukrainian part of the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep show high facies diversity. Based upon thin section studies, the authors identified eleven principal microfacies varieties. Three main stages of development of carbonate platform were distinguished: (i) Oxfordian–Early Kimmeridgian, (ii) Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, and (iii) Berriasian–Valanginian. The Oxfordian sediments are rather thin and represent both the outer and inner, distally steepened ramp facies. In the Late Kimmeridgian and, mainly, in the Tithonian, the intensive growth of rimmed platform took place with distinct zones of peritidal, margin barrier and platform slope, bearing calciturbidite facies. Development of the rimmed platform was controlled by synsedimentary tectonic movements along faults rejuvenated southwest of the Holy Cross Mts. Fault Zone. In the Berriasian–Valanginian, the dominant process was sedimentation onto not-rimmed platform controlled by small sea-level changes. Both the facies development and literature data indicate that the Late Jurassic sedimentation in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathian Foredeep basement shows considerable differences in comparison to that of the Polish part. In the studied successions, large Oxfordian microbial-siliceous sponge reef complexes, known from the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep basement and other areas in Europe, were rare. In the study area carbonate buildups were encountered mainly in the intervals representing the Upper Kimmeridgian–Tithonian where small, microbial-sponge and microbial-coral biostromes or patch-reefs were formed. Their growth was presumably restricted to a narrow zone of the upper slope, close to ooidal-bioclastic margin platform facies. In the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep basement, the Late Jurassic sedimentation took place on a vast, homoclinal ramp while in the Ukrainian part it proceeded on a narrow, distally steepened ramp and rimmed platform with distinct marginal platform barrier. Similar platform facies distribution in both regions appeared mainly in the Early Cretaceous, although with some stratigraphical differences. The facies distribution of the Upper Jurassic sediments was closely controlled by the block structure of the basement and by orientation of the main, transcontinental Holy Cross Mts. Fault Zone, which supports the opinion on its activity in the Mesozoic era. The Ukrainian part of the Carpathian Foredeep basement located over the Palaeozoic Kokhanivka Block, between the Krakovets and Holy Cross fault zones, includes predominantly the slope, marginal and inner platform facies. Facies observed over the Palaeozoic Rava Ruska Block (south-western part of the East-European Platform), between the Holy Cross and Rava Ruska fault zones, represents mainly the inner platform and the peri-shore deposits.

17

1-D modelling of the hydrocarbon generation history of the Jurassic source rocks in the Tarnogród–Stryi area (SE Poland – western Ukraine)

Kosakowski P., Wróbel M., Koltun Y. V.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 3

473-485

EN

Reconstruction of burial and thermal history was modelled for the Mesozoic strata in the basement of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Foredeep and in the marginal part of the Outer Carpathians. The 1-D modelling was carried out in profiles of the wells located in the area between Tarnogród and Stryi towns. In the Polish part, the modelling were performed in the profiles of the Księżpol 15, Lubliniec 9, Markowice 2 and Opaka 1 wells, and in the Ukrainian part in the profiles of the Chornokuntsi 1, Korolyn 6, Mosty 2, Podiltsi 1 and Voloshcha 1 wells. The geochemical characteristics of the Mesozoic stratigraphical horizons revealed that the best features of source rocks were present in the Middle Jurassic strata in the Polish part of the study area and in the Middle and Upper Jurassic strata in the Ukrainian part. Within these strata, the horizons of source rocks were distinguished and their quantitative evaluations were characterized. For these horizons, reconstruction of processes for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were performed. The source rocks in the Polish part reached maturity only in the initial phase of “oil window”. However, the maturity achieved towards the end of the Upper Jurassic was insufficient to exceed the 10% threshold of the transformation degree for hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, the amount of generated hydrocarbons was minimal. Slightly higher maturity of organic matter in the Ukrainian part resulted in exceeding the thresholds of kerogen transformation and the initiation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion processes. The process began after the deposition of thicker Miocene formations and developed even up to the main phase of the "oil window". The amount of the generated hydrocarbons reached ca. 150 mg/g TOC with an insignificant volume of expulsion.

18

'Entobia balls' in the Medobory Biohermal Complex (Middle Miocene, Badenian; western Ukraine)

Radwański A., Wysocka A., Górka M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 3

265-376

EN

The peculiarly shaped 'Entobia balls', from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Medobory Biohermal Complex, western Ukraine, are a maze of moulds of clionid sponge borings belonging to the ichnogenus Entobia Bronn. The ichnospecies recognized (Entobia geometrica, E. paradoxa, E. cateniformis, E. laquea) are ascribed to the activity of two extant zoospecies, Cliona vastifica Hancock and C. celata Grant. Their habitat was provided by thick-walled shells of the bivalve Chama gryphoides garmella De Gregorio, the shells of which were drilled through completely. Some small patches of borings are compatible with those of the extant zoospecies Cliona viridis (O. Schmidt).

19

Palaeomagnetic studies of the loess-palaeosol sequence from the Kolodiiv section (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine)

Nawrocki J., Boguckyj A., Łanczont M.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

161-166

EN

The Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence from the Kolodiiv section (East Carpathian Fore land) has been palaeomagnetically studied. Almost all samples displayed moderate to high positive palaeomagnetic inclinations and declinations en closed between 320° and 40°. How ever, one sample from the fossil soil of the last inter glacial pedocomplex (at 16.6 m pro file depth) was reverse magnetized and there fore can be correlated with the Blake Palaeomagnetic Event. Consequently that palaeosol can be related to (Oxygen Isotope Stage) OIS 5e1. An other sample from the Dubno 1 interstadial palaeosol demonstrated southern declination and significant lowering of inclination (up to 40°). This might be a record of the Laschamp Palaeomagnetic Event or of any Late Pleistocene palaeomagnetic excursion. The magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization data reflect the presence of several soils forming during the warm conditions of OIS 5 and the complex nature of the Eemian warming. Two palaeosols that developed between ca.115 ka and 120 ka indicate at least two climatic optima during the Eemian. High values of magnetic susceptibility (up to 300 Ą 10-6 SI units) noted in the middle of the section that contains slump deposits (9.5 m to 11m of depth) suggest that this material was derived from older soils of inter glacial type.

20

Granica stylu gotyckiego w architekturze Zachodniej Ukrainy. Czy jest to granica między Środkową a Wschodnią Europą?

Czerner O.

Architectus

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1999

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Nr 1(5)

19--26

PL

Wyznaczenie granicy między Europą Środkową a Wschodnią nurtuje społeczność europejską, a może i szerszą, od długiego czasu i ma znaczenie przede wszystkim polityczne, a może też ambicjonalne. Osobiście czuję się człowiekiem Zachodu, który jakby od zewnątrz próbuje badać i oceniać obszar, na którym spodziewa się możliwości dokonania rozgraniczenia. Przede mną podjął taką próbę w latach 1934-1935 znakomity badacz polskiej architektury Oskar Sosnowski, publikując zwięzły komunikat zatytułowany Zasięg budownictwa gotyckiego na wschodzie w Biuletynie Historii Sztuki i Kultury, mający na celu przedstawienie problemu kartografii rozmieszczenia budowli, w tym przypadku gotyckich, wysuniętych najdalej na wschód. Nie ma w nim żadnych stwierdzeń pobudzających do dyskusji, poza bezbłędną konstatacją, gdzie się takowe znajdują.

EN

Already in the interwar period there were attempts to establish boundaries between Western and Eastern Europe on the basis of cultural phenomena, such as the range and limits of the warious architectural styles. While Romanesque forms reached the Kicvan Rus', Kiev, and the Vladimir (Suzdal) and Czcrnichov Duchies from Byzantium where uninterrupted development of art lasted since the antiquity; to Halich, however, they entered also under the influence of Poland and Hungary. Cistercians, moving eastwards, did not cross the river Vistula; they expanded further into the Kingdom of Hungary. Quite a different matter is Gothic architecture, which was invented in the West, without reference to Roman traditions. Its eastern boundaries arc marked by the Castle of Ostrog, as well as by the Cathedral and Dominican Church in Kamicnicc Podolski, and the Chapel of the Chocim Castle. All those locations arc situated within the 26° 30' meridian to the East. Subsequent styles of modern times (renaissance, baroque) are more universal; they were even transferred to other continents and therefore cannot be taken into consideration here. Gothic, which chronologically came first, remained exclusive property of Europe. It was introduced into Western Ukraine by Dominicans and Franciscans in the last quarter of thirteenth century; in the fourteenth century the Gothic was the result of the return of those lands within the political borders of Poland, and of the economic activity of the King Casimir the Great and his followers, i.e., people belonging to Latin civilisation. At the same time, however, Russian artists filled with their murals the Gothic churches in Lublin, Sandomierz and Cracow. For Poles, Gothic brick architecture was felt to belong to a separate civilisition. Polish exiles in the far Siberia built their church in Irkutsk after 1870 in the form of the Vistula Gothic. Thus, although Gothic-revival styles can easily be found in Russia, their case was to demonstrate a real civilisational separatencss. The border which runs through the contemporary Western Ukraine may be submitted to changes, nowadays in particular. It is rooted, however, in the Polish psyche, a fact which we do not always recognise.