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Conditions and morphogenetic role of the 2018 and 2021 debris flows in Starorobociański Cirque, Western Tatra Mts.

Siemek Dawid, Gorczyca Elżbieta

Landform Analysis

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2023

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Vol. 42

63--73

EN

In this study we used geomorphologic mapping, precipitation analysis and archival photomaps to study debris flows in the Starorobociański Cirque, which were renewed in 2018 and 2021. Debris flow in 2021 was most likely the largest single flow recorded in the Polish Western Tatras in the twenty first century. It reached a length of about 870 m and it covered an area of 0.62 to 0.65 ha. We set July 14, 2021, as the date of debris flow initiation and 52.1 mm·d−1 as its threshold value. This is one of the lowest values provided in the literature for such flows in the Western Tatra Mts. On the contrary, debris flow which occurred July 18, 2018 was linked to threshold value of 150.5 mm·d−1. On the basis of former debris flow occurrence as well as precipitation analysis we interpret the appearance of debris flow in 2021 as an effect of short and intense rainfall.

2

Megacrysts of kyanite from Baranec Mt., Western Tatra Mountains, Slovakia

Pyka P., Szopa K., Gawęda A.

Mineralogia

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2013

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Vol. 44, iss. 1/2

31--37

EN

Large crystals of kyanite (<15 cm in size) occur in quartz segregations in Paleozoic gneissses on Baranec Mt., Western Tatra Mountains, northern Slovakia. Blue kyanite crystals coexist with quartz and plagioclase. The kyanite contains inclusions of apatite, monazite. gamet, rutile and biotite and overgrowths of retrograde sillimanite. muscovite and biotite. The kyanite crystals are the largest found up to now in the Tatra crystalline massif or in the other Western Carpathians crystalline cores. Kyanite. with the co-existing mineral assemblage, is indicative of a HP stage duiing Hercynian metamorphism of the Western Tatra Mountains.

3

Wgłębna budowa geologiczna górnej części Wąwozu Kraków w świetle badań Jaskini Wysokiej – Za Siedmiu Progami, Tatry Zachodnie

Szczygieł M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

232-238

EN

Structural evolution of the autochtonous Tatric sedimentary cover is discussed on the basis of results of structural studies on the Wysoka - Za Siedmiu Progami Cave and 3D modeling of subsurface geological structure of upper part of the Kraków Gorge in theWestern Tatra Mts. The studies showed presence of three faults. The oldest fault was formed during the Late Cretaceous and rejuvenated in subsequent phases of deformations, as evidenced by multi-stage mineralization. Strike of that fault is meridian and of the two others - latitudinal. Dislocations and collapses corridors, and normal-slip movement parallel to the slope proves their activity during the Quaternary. The course of the Malmian-Neocomian and Urgonian boundary was also defined. On the west side of the studied area, the bedding is shaped in crest-like inverted syncline. Axis of the syncline plunges toward the north at the angle of 55 degrees to its crossing with the meridian fault. In lower limb of the root-hinge and at western side of the meridian fault the layers are arranged in the form of a wide anticline.

4

Glacial and periglacial relief on the southern slopes of the Western Tatra Mts. (Slovakia) - the results of the first detailed geomorphological mapping of the Žiarska, Jamnicka, Račkova and Bystra Valleys

Kłapyta P.

Landform Analysis

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2009

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Vol. 10

50-57

EN

The article presents the results of the first detailed geomorphological mapping of the Žiarska, Jamnicka, Raekova, and Bystra Valleys, situated on the southern slope of the Western Tatra Mountains. The field work was supplemented by digital topographic as well as statistical analysis of rock glaciers distribution. The author focused on the distribution and morphological features of moraines and rock glaciers. Variability of both sets of deposits strongly reflects topographic influences on debris and snow accumulation. The main factor controlling the geometry of landforms was solar irradiance modified by the influence of the local cirque topography. Two generations of the rock glaciers indicate distinct phases of periglacial conditions during the Late Glacial period.

5

Formy lodowcowe i wodnolodowcowe w Dolinie Kościeliskiej (Tatry Zachodnie)

Nowacki Ł

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 7

605-609

EN

In the upper part of Kościeliska Valley several erosive (cirque and glacial trimlines) and accumulative (terminal moraines, marginal moraines, interlobate moraines and fossil rock glacier) glacial forms can be easily seen. Basing on their order and extent as well as on correlation other Tatrya valleys the deglaciation process of last mountain glaciations (Würm — Białka Stadial) in the Kościeliska Valley can be tentatively reconstructed.

6

Ruda żelaza z dawnych kopalń pod Bobrowcem (Tatry Zachodnie)

Paulo A., Panajew P.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2006

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T. 32, z. 2

99-115

PL

Po raz pierwszy opisano enigmatyczną rudę żelaza, która była wydobywana na południowo--zachodnich zboczach Bobrowca w Tatrach Zachodnich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku. Jej składnikami są hematyt, goethyt i lepidokrokit, występujące w formie spoiwa drobnoziarnistych piaskowców i mułowców dolnego triasu oraz drobnych żył przecinających te skały. Ruda żelaza ma cechy utworu wtórnego. Tworzy ona czapę wietrzenia i żyłki powstałe wskutek tektonicznej remobilizacji w strefie nasunięcia jednostki kriżniańskiej na autochton wierchowy. Pierwotna ruda występowała prawdopodobnie w formie soczewki siarczków żelaza w osadzie mułowcowo-ilastym źle przewietrzanego basenu. Zawartość żelaza w rudzie utlenionej wynosi około 30%. Praca rzuca nowe światło na genezę rud żelaza i warunki facjalne w serii osadowej dolnego triasu Tatr

EN

An enigmatic iron ore which was exploited on the southwest slopes of Bobrowiec in the Western Tatra Mountains at the early XIX century, was described for the first time. It consists mainly ot hematite, goethite, and lepidocrokite cementing fine grained Lower Triassic sandstones and mudstones or forming secondary veinlets. The iron hydroxides and oxide appear as secondary minerals. They form gossan and tectonically remobilization veinlets, resulting from thrusting Kriżna unit against High Tatric autochthon. Primarily iron was probably deposited in the form of thin sulphide lens along with silty-clay sediments in an isolated euxinic basin. The ore contains roughly 30% Fe. New light on the genesis of iron ores and facies within sedimentary series of Lower Triassic in the Tatra is thrown

7

Dolnokredowa brekcja wapienna w autochtonicznej serii wierchowej w Tatrach Zachodnich

Staniszewska A., Ciborowski T.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 3

246-250

PL

W autochtonicznej serii wierchowej, w Tatrach Zachodnich, w rejonie Osobitej, występuje dolnokredowa brekcja składająca się z różnowiekowych okruchów wapiennych o różnym typie litologicznym, spojona spoiwem węglanowym. Na podstawie występujących kalpionellidów określono wiek sedymentacji poszczególnych typów litologicznych jako późnotytoński i wczesnoberiaski. Wiek brekcji określono jako późniejszy od wczesnego beriasu. Wyróżnione typy litologiczne wykazują podobieństwo do osadów węglanowych z wyższej części formacji wapieni z Raptawickiej Turni odsłaniającej się w polskiej części Tatr Zachodnich.

EN

The uppermost part of the Sobótka Limestone Member in the High-Tatric Succession is represented by Lower Cretaceous breccia. This breccia consists of limestone fragments of different lithology. The clasts within the breccia are cemented by calcium carbonate. On the base of the described calpionellid fauna, the sedimentation episode was identified as Late Thithonian and Early Berriasian. The breccia was formed later than the Early Berriasian. All the lithological types of clasts occurring in the breccia are similar to those of the upper part of Raptawicka Turnia Limestone Fm. located in the Polish part of Western Tatra Mts.