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Wpływ zmian temperatury wody na Prądzie Zachodniogrenlandzkim na zmiany temperatury powietrza na Ziemi Baffina i Labradorze (1982-2002)

Zblewski S.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

2005

nr 15

41-51

Praca omawia wpływ zmian temperatury wody powierzchniowej (TPO) w południowej i środkowej części Prądu Zachodniogrenlandzkiego na zmiany temperatury powietrza na stacjach położonych na wschodnich wybrzeżach Kanady. Szeregi temperatury powietrza pochodzą ze zbioru Historical Adjusted Climate Database for Kanada, a dane o TPO ze zbioru Reynoldsa w wersji SST OI v.1. W okresie 1982-2002 na wszystkich analizowanych stacjach występują dodatnie, istotne statystycznie trendy temperatury powietrza. Pomiędzy szeregami TPO w wybranych gridach ([62°N, 52°W] i [66°N, 56°W]) a szeregami temperatury powietrza na badanych stacjach dominują związki synchroniczne. Najsilniejsze związki asynchroniczne zachodzą pomiędzy zmiennością TPO w środkowej części Prądu Zachodniogrenlandzkiego a temperaturą powietrza na stacjach położonych na Ziemi Baffina.

This work deals the influence of changes the sea surface temperature (SST) in south and the centre part of the West Greenland Current in relays of the air temperature (AT) on stations located on eastern sea-coasts of Canada (Fig.1). The West Greenland Current is a warm current, which transports warm waters to the bay/ gulf of the Baffin Sea and in this way has a great influence on the formation of ice cover and on air temperature in this area. The Reynolds?s data set, version SST OI v.1., covering values of mean monthly SST in grids 1°x1° has been used as the data source. Yearly temperatures for selected grids have been calculated on the basis of mean monthly temperatures. Series of the air temperature for selected Canadian stations proceed from the service HCCD (Historical Adjusted Climate Database for Canada). The period 1982-2002 is characterized with the distinct warming up of the climate on the northern hemisphere. Appears this i.a. an increase in air temperature and an advanced process of sea ice cover degradation. A reason of this warming up is the accumulation of the warm in surface layers of the ocean and his distribution by the oceanic circulation. Trends in chronological series of mean yearly values of AT on stations located along of eastern sea-coasts of Canada have been analysed. Such an analysis indicated that on all staion the trends in air temperature prove to be positive and that these trends are statistically relevant (p < 0.05 ) on all stations. The highest values of trends can be observed on stations in the central and southern part of Baffin Island. Courses of the one year's temperature of air on selected stations show almost in step reaching changes (Fig. 2). Passed correlational analysis showed that among investigated series SST in selected grids ([62°N, 52°W] and [66°N, 56°W]) located on the West Greenland Current and series AT on stations situated on eastern sea-coasts of Canada dominated synchronous relationships. With the example can be the relationship among SST in grid [66°N, 56°W] and AT on the station Cape Dyer, where appear high values of coefficients of correlation and the maximum of the power of the relationship fall on December +0.93 (Tab. 1). Research showed that the variability of the yearly sea surface temperature in grid [66°N, 56°W] indeed influence on the formation of yearly AT on selected stations. On the stations Cape Dyer and Iqaluit the variability of yearly SST explains the variability of yearly AT properly into 67 and 57% (Fig. 3). On the warm West Greenland Current the changes of the water temperature outdistance during changes of the air temperature on stations of eastern sea-coasts of Canada. Such asynchronous relationships are best visible among a June and May sea surface temperature in grid [66°N, 56°W] and yearly AT on stations located in the Northern part of Baffin Island - Fig.4 and among May SST in grid [66°N, 56°W] and yearly AT in the next year (Fig.5). Most strong synchronous and asynchronous relationships between the variability of the sea surface temperature in the central part of the West Greenland Current and the air temperature occur on stations located on the Baffin Island area.