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Paleomagnetyzm, a odrodzenie teorii Wegenera : synopsis

Lewandowski M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2015

Vol. 63, nr 11

1284--1291

This article envisages turning points in the process of implementation of the continental drift hypothesis to the knowledge on the development of the Earth’s crust. In the author’s opinion, they were most of all linked with the development of palaeomagnetism, a discipline integrating methods of geophysics and geology. Alfred Wegener has been included into the Science Hall of Fame, thanks to studies by Brunhes on inversely magnetized rocks of Auvergne, discovery of geomagnetic inversions of Icelandic lavas by Hospers, polar wander paths construction by Creer and Irving, ending with Pangea reconstruction by Bullard, Everett and Smith, bridging the concept of continental drift and plate tectonics theory.

Dzieło Alfreda Wegenera a teoria ekspansji Ziemi

Cwojdziński S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2015

Vol. 63, nr 11

1292--1301

Wegener‘s Pangea comprised all the continents during Permian times, surrounded by the Panthalassa all-ocean, much wider than the recent Pacific. The process of widening of new oceans (Atlantic, Arctic and Indian) during the Pangea breakup should be simultaneous with the shrinking of the pra-Pacific. However, there is much evidence that there are close biogeographic links between continents surrounding the Pacific, and the perimeter of the ocean becomes larger. If the Pacific expands like the other oceans, the Earth expansion is inevitable. The plate-tectonic fundamentals of supercontinent reconstructions refer to the hypothesis of the cyclic evolution of continental plates and to the assumption that plate collisions result in amalgamation of successive supercontinents followed by their break-up. As the result, the term “supercontinental cycle” was introduced. Thus, the Pangea history becomes a sequence of different consecutive Pangeas. Two periods of Precambrian supercontinent amalgamation were distinguished based on the supercontinent cyclicity hypothesis, leading to the formation of Meso-Neoproterozoic Rodinia and the Early Proterozoic Pre-Rodinia supercontinent. Pre-Rodinia, Rodinia and Pangea were strikingly similar to one another. To explain this phenomenon, a process of self-organization of tectonic plates is invoked. On an expanding Earth, there was only one supercontinent – Pangea – composed of continental lithosphere surrounding the planet smaller than the present Earth. The break-up process of the supercontinent occurred only once during Earth‘s history. Earth expansion offers a reasonable solution to the main plate-tectonic paradox that the continents could have been repeatedly separated and returned to the same unique configuration.