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The Water Needs of Grapevines in the Different Regions of Poland

Rolbiecki Stanisław, Jagosz Barbara, Rolbiecki Roman, Ptach Wiesław, Stachowski Piotr, Kasperska-Wołowicz Wiesława, Łangowski Ariel, Sadan Hicran A., Klimek Andrzej, Dobosz Krzysztof

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 7

222--232

The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the different regions of Poland. The requirements of grapevines water, considered as the crop evapotranspiration, were determined using the plant coefficient method. The grapevine plants crop evapotranspiration was measured using the reference evapotranspiration and plant coefficients. The plant coefficients were adapted to the reference evapotranspiration that was calculated using the Blaney‑Criddle’s formula, modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of grapevines were determined for five agro‑climatic regions of Poland with the representative meteorological stations. The calculations of grapevines water requirements were carried out for the thirty‑year period determined from 1981 to 2010. The study was based on the six‑month growing season established from May 1 to October 31. Four months, including May, June, July and August, were considered as the irrigation period. The highest grapevines water requirements (440 mm) during the growing season, were observed in the north‑west and central‑east region of Poland. In turn, the lowest water requirements were revealed in the south‑east (414 mm) and north‑east (415 mm) region of the country. During the irrigation period, the highest grapevines water needs occurred in the central‑north‑west (355 mm) and central‑east (353 mm) region of Poland, while the lowest (329 mm) – in the south‑east region of the country. The upward time trend of the grapevines water requirements was observed both in the growing season and in the irrigation period. With the exception of the central‑north‑west region, this time trend was significant throughout Poland. The highest increase in the water needs of grapevines during the growing season (by 6.9 mm in each subsequent ten‑year period) occurred in the central‑east and south‑east region of Poland. In the irrigation period, the highest rise of grapevines water requirements was noted in the south‑west (7.4 mm decade ‑1) and south‑east (7.6 mm decade ‑1) region of the country. The highest rainfall deficit was observed in the central‑north‑west region of Poland; 125 mm during the growing season, and 117 mm in the irrigation period.