Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wpływ zanieczyszczenia olejem napędowym na uziarnienie i plastyczność mad z rejonu Warszawa-Siekierki

Izdebska-Mucha Dorota, Trzciński Jerzy, Klein Marta

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 12

800-810

EN

The paper presents the results of testing flood facies sediments - muds. The term “‘muds” refers to a genetic type of deposits, regardless of their variability in particle size composition and organic matter content. Due to the poor geological engineering properties, such as, high lithological variability, low degree of diagenesis, as well as high moisture content and organic matter content, muds are classified as weak soils and river valleys are the areas of complicated ground conditions. The paper presents lithological, physical and chemical properties of muds from the floodplain of the Vistula River valley in the area of Warsaw-Siekierki. A series of mud samples contaminated with diesel fuel in the range of 2-16%wereprepared. The microaggregate analyses as well as the plastic and liquid limit tests showed a significant effect of contamination on the soil index properties. The increase in diesel fuel content resulted in the loss of soil plasticity and cohesion. The aggregation of clay particles and the increase in the silt fraction content was observed. The most significant changes of properties were obtained for the mud samples containing 6-16% of diesel fuel. The research of soils contaminated with petroleum products is of great importance in determining the geological engineering conditions of the subsoil for foundation purposes.

2

Z badań nad znakami powodziowymi w dolinie Wisły

Pawłowski B., Gorączko M.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2014

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Nr 2

57--63

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki inwentaryzacji znaków powodziowych w dolinie Wisły. Wskazano korzyści wynikające z prowadzenia tego typu prac. Podkreślono konieczność oznaczania znakami również współczesnych powodzi oraz ochrony znaków przed dewastacją. Duża część zachowanych do dziś znaków powodziowych dokumentuje powodzie XIX-wieczne: opadowe dla górnej i środkowej Wisły, roztopowo- zatorowe dla odcinka Wisły dolnej.

EN

The article presents results of an inventory of flood marks carried out in the Vistula VаІІеу. It indicates benefits resulting from realisation of such works. It also stresses the necessity of marking contemporary floods as well and protecting the marks against devastation. The majority of preserved flood marks documents the 19th century floods: precipitation floods for the upper and middle Vistula as well as meltwater and jam floods in the lower Vistula sections.

3

Zmiany sposobu użytkowania terenów rolniczych a zanikanie przyrodniczo cennych zbiorowisk roślinnych na przykładzie doliny środkowej Wisły

Kowalska Anna

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2009

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nr 12

166--177

PL

Przebadano zmiany zbiorowisk roślinnych doliny środkowej Wisły, od połowy XX wieku i ich przyczyny. Materiałem do analizy zmian były współczesne i historyczne mapy roślinności. Zmiany objęły ok. 36% badanego obszaru. Związane są zarówno z naturalnymi procesami środowiska w dolinie jak i z wpływem różnorodnych form antropopresji. Na całym odcinku doliny zaobserwowano zmiany roślinności świadczące o obniżaniu się poziomu wód gruntowych, które doprowadziło między innymi do zmniejszenia powierzchni wilgotnych łąk i lasów bagiennych. Obserwuje się ogólny wzrost antropizacji roślinności. Decydują o tym przede wszystkim przekształcenia w obrębie zbiorowisk roślinnych niezmieniające ich ogólnego charakteru (forma użytkowania pozostaje ta sama), ale wpływające na ich strukturę i różnorodność. Należą tu przede wszystkim procesy degeneracyjne w lasach oraz ewolucja łąk do typów intensywniej użytkowanych.

EN

50 years’ changes in spatial distribution and in character of vegetation communities and their relations with changes in land-use patterns and its intensity were the main research objectives. Contemporary and historical maps of vegetation in the Middle Vistula River Valley were the basic materials for analysis of vegetation changes. The cartographical analysis was done with ArcView 3.3 software.

4

Reconstruction of the Vistula ice stream during the Last Glacial Maximum in Poland

Morawski W.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 3

305-316

EN

The variability ofice movement directions within the Vistula lobe of the Main Stadial ice sheet of the last glaciation is analysed. Reconstruction of the ice movement directions is made based on analysis of the orientation of glacial morpholineaments. Linear glacial land forms are analysed on the basis of data from 26 map sheets of the Detailed Geo logical Map of Poland (DGMP), scale 1:50 000, compiled earlier by various au thors. The morpholineaments were investigated in a belt of morainic plateau that adjoins the Vistula valley on both sides. The analysis revealed that the last glaciation ice sheet advanced directly from the north within the broadly un der stood Vistula ice lobe zone, and that the ice flow direction was constant. However, within a narrow belt of the pre-Vistula River valley that was formed in the Eemian Interglacial, the 30–50 km wide ice stream was characterized by locally variable ice flow directions consistent with the pre-existing valley trend. Changes in ice flow direction are recorded in the locally variable orientation of lin ear glacial landforms, indicating that the ice stream was active until the deglaciation period when the pres ent-day shapes of the glacial landforms developed.

5

Geomorfologiczno-hydrologiczne uwarunkowania rozwoju mokradeł na przykładzie torfowiska całowanie w dolinie środkowej Wisły

Oświt J., Dembek W.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2001

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T. 1, z. spec. (3)

119--134

PL

Na podstawie materiałów opisujących rzeźbę i budowę geologiczną doliny środkowej Wisły omówiono związek między geomorfologią terenu a warunkami hydrologicznego zasilania występujących tam mokradeł. Przedstawiono wpływ geomorfologii doliny i obszarów do niej przyległych na najważniejsze cechy ekosystemów mokradłowych – roślinność, gleby, trofizm, dynamikę uwodnienia, ukształtowanie powierzchni. Wykazano, że w strefach przyrzecznych występują mokradła o charakterze mad piaszczysto-gliniastych (mokradła fluwiogeniczne), a w strefie przykrawędziowej, zasilanej wodami gruntowymi (wolnymi i naporowymi), rozwinęło się duże torfowisko soligeniczne o powierzchni dochodzącej do 8 tys. ha. Na przykładzie doliny środkowej Wisły wykazano, że typ hydrologicznego zasilania każdego mokradła może być zidentyfikowany na podstawie jego cech przewodnich.

EN

The relations between geomorphology and hydrological feeding of wetlands are described in this paper, based on the characteristics of the relief and geological structure of the Middle Vistula river valley. The maintenance of the geomorphology of the valley and the surrounding terrains for the main attributes of wetland habitats – plants, soils, fertility, water dynamics and terrain configuration are presented herein. In this paper it is shown that in the river zones, fluviogenous wetlands are formed and in the valley border zones, fed by ground water (free and under pressure) soligenous peatland are found. Całowanie peatland is located on the slope of the Vistula river valley. Behind it a higher, unflooded terrace was formed. In the initial period of development the peatland was intensively fed by ground water, inflowing through the valley bottom from the cut, deep water layers. In the later development phases it was also fed from the upper water layer. In the first stage a sedge-moss peatland was formed, and in the next stage – bushes and alder forest. It was found, that the water management of this reclaimed peatland might be based on the local water supply due to continued, stabile inflow of ground water and outflow by canals. Because of this, elastic distribution of water resources and optimal water management for farming and nature protection is possible. It was proved that geomorphology indirectly influences the genesis and development of wetlands – due to the formation of different hydrological conditions. The hydrological types of wetlands are determined by their location in the relief and hydrographical network and by geological structure. The hydrological type of wetlands and their hydro-ecological conditions determine all the main features: sediments, soils, oxygen conditions, fertility and plant communities. The hydrological differentiation of the peatland led to the different depth, age and stratigraphy of peats and sub-fossil plants communities.

6

Sedimentological interpretation of crevasse splays formed during the extreme 1997 flood in the upper Vistula river valley (South Poland)

Gębica P., Sokołowski T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2001

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Vol. 71, No 1

53-62

EN

The paper describes scours and crevasse splays formed at the breaks in embankments of the upper Vistula river valley during the summer 1997 flood. The scours cut into the floodplain composed of fining upward channel and overbank deposits. Erosional furrows have developed locally around the scours. In their vicinity, a thin layer of channel-ag gravel was locally laid down. Variously shaped crevasse splays were formed: finger-like, deltoidal and tongue-like. Surface relief, vege-tation and buildings controlled their geometry and sedimentary features. The lower parts of the deposits consist of fine and medium sands with horizontal and low-angle stratification. Higher in the sequences medium and coarse sands with pebbles display planar cross-stratification. Mud balls and black oak trunks redeposited from older alluvia are common. The whole succession represents sheet-flow sediments with partly channelized flow. Locally, at the top, coarse sands, pebbles, mud balls and boulders embedded in silty-sandy matrix occur, representing slurry-flow deposits. Also present were sediments composed of alternating sands and mud pebbles. The vanishing flow phase is marked by occasional ripple marks encountered in the top part of the sequence. Around the flow obstacles (plants, buildings) sand shadows were formed, composed of fine and medium sands with horizontal stratification in the lower parts and ripple cross-lamination along with climbing cross-lamination in the upper parts. The top part included medium and coarse sands with planar cross-stratification. Most of the studied sequences showed coarse-upward grading which is not the effect of changes in the energy of flood waters but originates from the supply of all the time coarser material from the successively deepening scours.