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1

Ocena stanu chemicznego i zagrożeń wód podziemnych oraz powierzchniowych w rejonie Zalewu Wiślanego

Pruszkowska-Caceres Małgorzata, Aleksandrowicz Kacper, Barwinski Patrick, Bożejewicz Jakub, Grabowski Szymon, Kopanicki Jakub

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 6

262--269

EN

The purpose of the research wasto examine how factors such as land use and land management affect the quality ofgro- undwater and surface water. These studies werepossible thanks to funding from the IDUB Technetium Talent Management Grantsproject titled“Assessment of Anthropogenic Threat to Groundwater and Surface Water in the Region of the Vistula Lagoon”. The research area included a section of the Vistula Spit, Żuławy Wielkie and the coastal waters of the Vistula Lagoon. Field studies were conducted during three field trips; 15 groundwater points and35 surface water points were examined. During these studies parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and the content of nitrogen, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates were measured. In the Żuławy area it was found that surface water and groundwater are under the direct influence of the Vistula Lagoon, causing their salinity increase. Locally, man-induced chemical changes are also visible. The inflow of nutrients from fertilization of agricultural fields and uncontrolled discharge of wastes into drainage canals have been observed. The local anthropogenic impact on the water environment was also found in the Vistula Spit area. It was caused by pollutions from tourist facilities.

2

Above- and belowground habitat complexity created by emergent and submerged vegetation drives the structure of benthic assemblages

Pawlikowski Krzysztof, Kornijów Ryszard

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (2)

358--370

EN

The contrast in habitat complexity between emergent (EMV) and submerged vegetation (SUV) zones in aquatic ecosystems results from the differences in the structure of plant above- and belowground parts, subject to seasonal changes. Comparative studies on the influence of habitat complexity created by vegetation on benthic macroinvertebrates in coastal areas are scarce. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a study on a seasonal basis in the brackish Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea) in two zones: EMV, dominated by a dense belt of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud, and SUV, with scattered stands of Potamogeton perfoliatus L. We assumed the following: i. Species richness, diversity, and density of invertebrates are higher in the EMV zone due to greater and less seasonally variable structural complexity than in the SUV zone, ii. High belowground complexity in the EMV zone due to the presence of the rhizome/root matrix, much more robust and denser than in the SUV zone limits the vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates. Both hypotheses were supported. Overall, our results pointing to higher animal diversity and density in more complex aquatic habitats are consistent with other studies, inferred mostly from comparative surveys of bare bottom and that covered with submerged vegetation. The results of this study highlight potentially far-reaching implications for benthic invertebrate fauna and their role in the aquatic ecosystem in the context of increasingly rapid loss of aquatic vegetation due to multiple anthropogenic stressors.

3

Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates across a reed stand in a brackish Baltic lagoon

Pawlikowski Krzysztof, Kornijów Ryszard

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (3)

433--444

EN

The role of reeds in the functioning of ecosystems and their significance for zoobenthos in the coastal lagoons is poorly understood. We hypothesise that next to the spatial zonal differentiation of abiotic factors in the apparently homogeneous habitat of reeds, benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is also unevenly distributed, and differs in taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as density and biomass across the reed stand. The research was carried out in the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic) along three designated sectors arranged parallel to the shoreline and differing in distance from the shore and depth. Mean density of reed stems in the analysed stand was within the range of values reported from different American and European wetlands. Regardless of the location within the reeds and the season, the fauna was dominated by detritivorous Tubificinae and larvae of Chironomidae. The highest diversity, density, and biomass of fauna were found in the middle littoral zone, and the lowest in the outer zone adjacent to the open water. The presented data support our hypothesis predicting the existence of a spatial variation pattern in the composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates in response to the changing zonal habitat conditions within the reed stand.

4

Kanał żeglugowy przez Mierzeję Wiślaną

Hynowski Bronisław

Przegląd Techniczny : Gazeta Inżynierska

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2021

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nr 10

19--23

PL

: Budowa kanału żeglugowego przez Mierzeję Wiślaną nie jest ani nowym pomysłem, ani też odległym od natury. Zapisy historyczne i kartograficzne zawierają informacje, że Mierzeję przecinało kilka szlaków wodnych, zwanych cieśninami, rynnami wodnymi lub głębiami. Na mapach Bertrama wyznaczających linię brzegową z XIII w. uwidoczniony został przesmyk zwany Głębią Elbląską, którego natura zachowała jeszcze do połowy XV w. Potem tworzono wiele planów jego odbudowy – już w XVI w. za króla Stefana Batorego i Władysława IV oraz w XVII w. za Jana III Sobieskiego. Wreszcie, w najbliższej nam historii, powstały plany przekopu w 1913 i 1928 r. Jednak dopiero w lutym 2004 r. podpisano porozumienie – deklarację współdziałania przy m.in. wypromowaniu koncepcji budowy kanału żeglugowego na Mierzei Wiślanej.

EN

Building a shipping canal through the Vistula Spit is neither a new idea, nor is it against nature. Historical and cartographic records tell us that in the past, the Spit was crossed by several waterways, known as straits, inlets or depths. Bertram's maps marking the coastline from the 13th cen-tury show an isthmus called the Elbląg Depth, which nature preserved until the mid-15th century. Later, many plans for its reconstruction were created – as early as in the 16th century under King Stefan Batory and in the 17th century – under Władysław IV and Jan III Sobieski. Finally, in our immediate history, plans were made for the excavation in 1913 and 1928. However, it was not until February 2004 that an agreement was signed - a declaration of cooperation to, among others, promote the concept of building a shipping canal through the Vistula Spit.

5

Comparison of methods for nocturnal sampling of predatory zooplankters in shallow waters

Linkowski Tomasz B., Kornijów Ryszard, Karpowicz Maciej

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (1)

71--79

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of a plankton net (diameter of 60 cm, mesh size of 500 µm) and a column sampler (length of 200 cm, diameter of 5 cm) for estimating the density of zooplankton predatory species (Neomysis integer, Leptodora kindtii, Cercopagis pengoi). Nocturnal sampling was performed once a month (May-November 2018) in the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic) in the range depth of 1.3-3.6 m. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences between the N. integer and C. pengoi density estimated by the two sampling gears. In the case of L. kindtii, the mean density obtained by the column sampler was higher when analyzing all samples together and/or deep-water samples only (p < 0.02). However, no such differences were found at shallow stations i.e. up to ca. 2 m in depth. It was assumed that the more suitable sampling equipment for estimating zooplankton abundance in a shallow, well-mixed transitional (brackish) basin is the column sampler. This type of gear, so far used mainly for sampling of micro and mesozooplankton, allows the simultaneous nocturnal collection of the entire zooplankton size spectrum, including representatives of large predatory species. The suitability of light traps for qualitative studies of zooplankton species responding positively to light under the high turbidity of the Vistula Lagoon was also investigated. The traps proved to be most useful for N. integer (100% frequency), and much less for L. kindtii (46.2%) and C. pengoi (27.3%).

6

Mercury in the bottom sediments of the ship channel and River Mouths: the Vistula Lagoon

Bogdanov N. A., Bass O. V., Paranina A. N., Paranin R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14. no. 3

697--700

EN

It is studied the distribution of Hg in bottom sediments of estuaries on the banks of the open water area of the Vistula Lagoon and in the Kaliningrad Sea Canal (KSC) isolated from it. Methods for the determination of Hg: inversive voltammetry and highly sensitive flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been established: from spring to autumn the activation of storms and surge events in the lagoon, intensification of the water flushing regime of the channels ensure a significant Hg decrease in river mouths, but in dynamically weakened KSC conditions - an increase in Hg (from 0.05 to 0.85 mg / kg). In KSC bays, the safe level of Hg (0.3 mg / kg) for the period 2000-2015 was not exceeded (0.008 to 0.216 mg / kg), which indicates a favorable ecological and epidemiological situation. Hg determinations by low-sensitivity methods can be used only in qualitative assessments of the variability in concentrations of any dangerous toxicant. Finding a reliable amount of Hg in river mouths requires the use of highly sensitive methods of analysis.

7

Hydrodynamic model of the new waterway through the Vistula Spit

Szydłowski Michał, Kolerski Tomasz

Polish Maritime Research

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2020

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nr 3

159--167

EN

The decision to build a new waterway (strait) in the Polish part of the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. The new connection between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon is planned as an artificial navigable channel with a lock and a small port. During storm surges and wind tides in the gulf or in the lagoon, sluicing will be required for vessels to tackle the Vistula Spit. This procedure does not require significant water flow through the channel in normal conditions. However, in the case of a lock failure or in the case of controlled opening of the gate to increase water exchange in the lagoon or to reduce flood risk in the Vistula Lagoon, high flow rates may occur in the navigable channel and in the neighboring port basin. In order to inves-tigate the hydraulic conditions in such extraordinary situations, numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics during water damming in the gulf or in the lagoon is performed. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the artificial connection between the sea and the lagoon during periods of high water stages, mathematical modeling is required. This paper presents the shallow water equations (SWE) model adapted to simulate the flow through the port basin and the navigable channel. The calcula-tions allowed the relation between the water head and the capacity of the navigable channel to be found, as well as to analyze circulations which may occur in the port basin.

8

Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments : application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Zalewska Tamara, Brzeska-Roszczyk Paulina, Danowska Beata, Pełechaty Mariusz

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

68--80

EN

The paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg−1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg−1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.

9

Diatom record of progressive anthropopressure in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon

Witak M., Pędziński J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 2

167--180

EN

This study describes the subfossil diatom flora in the surface sediments of the Polish coastal waters in relation to human impact. The material studied consists of the uppermost parts of seven sediment cores collected from the SW Gulf of Gdańsk and eight cores from the Vistula Lagoon. Our results show the present-day ecological state of both basins just before the planned construction of a navigable channel of the Vistula Spit, which will be the next factor affecting their hydrology. In different parts of the Gulf of Gdańsk, cultural eutrophication resulted in a distinct “anthropogenic assemblage” in the surface sediments. Its structure relates directly to the distance from the mouth of the Vistula River. In the surface assemblages of the Vistula Lagoon, the number of salt-tolerant diatoms increased with the salinity of the basin. Locally, a large number of pollution-resistant taxa was also observed.

10

Przekop przez Mierzeję Wiślaną : o co tyle szumu?

Wójtowicz P.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2018

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nr 4

68--70

PL

Mierzeja Wiślana to piaszczysty wał oddzielający Zalew Wiślany od otwartych wód Zatoki Gdańskiej. Wydma stanowi naturalną przeszkodę na trasie jednostek płynących do portu w Elblągu. Jej usunięcie, a przez to skrócenie drogi wodnej między polskimi portami morskimi, stanęło u podstaw budzącego od początku kontrowersje rządowego projektu budowy kanału żeglugowego w obrębie mierzei.

11

Inertial oscillations indeced by propagation of Vistula Lagoon freshwater into the Baltic Sea

Yurov V. A., Yurova A. A.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2017

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Vol. 21, No 2

121--134

EN

A mathematical model of the mechanism of the appearance of antisymmetric vortices during the propagation of freshwater into the seawater which is observed, in particular, at the exit from the Baltic Canal connecting the Vistula Lagoon and the Baltic Sea is constructed in the work. In particular it is shown that the main reason for the vortex formation in this case is the Coriolis force. The exact dependence of the circulation of velocity on time for the three simplest types of the “tongue” of the intrusion of freshwater is calculated analytically in the work as well.

12

New records of Conrad’s false mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) in the Vistula Delta

Brzana R., Janas U., Borecka A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

231--236

EN

Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) is native to the western Atlantic coast of North America. It has been reported in many regions outside its home range, including the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea). Although the conditions in the area seem to be favorable for the species, there have been no reports about its presence elsewhere in the gulf. However, the data probably did not reflect its actual distribution in the region, as the species can be easily misidentified for other bivalves living in the area, and it prefers hard substrates, which have not been studied as extensively as soft substrates. Our study was aimed at determining the actual distribution of M. leucophaeata in the Gulf of Gdańsk, the Vistula Delta and the Vistula Lagoon. The results showed that the species was not widely distributed in the Gulf of Gdańsk and was absent in the Vistula Lagoon. The only new records come from the Vistula Delta where the abundance of M. leucophaeata was up to 69 ind. m-2, i.e. significantly higher than in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Individuals found in the Vistula Delta were also significantly larger, with the length of shells reaching 22-23 mm, which is considered to be the maximum for the species.

13

Biological factor controlling methane production in surface sediment in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon

Reindl A. R., Bolałek J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

223--230

EN

Due to the limited water exchange, lagoons are particularly prone to eutrophication. The consumption of oxygen in this process, coupled with simultaneous enrichment of bottom sediments with organic matter, reinforces the occurrence of anaerobic conditions and methanogenic growth. Methanogenic archaea activities cause depolymerization of organic compounds accumulated in sediments. As a result of such ecosystem transformation, methane might be produced and emitted from this basin. Chemical studies conducted in 2010 were focused on methane content in the surface bottom sediments in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. The results showed that the highest methane concentration occurs in the southwestern part of this basin (6.45 mmol dm-3), while the lowest one in the southeastern part (7.1 × 10-3 mmol dm-3). Molecular studies were focused on specific methanogenic archaea gene identification. The comparison of nucleotide sequences of “mcrA gene” clones obtained from genomic DNA isolated from the Vistula Lagoon sediments indicates a similarity to the yet uncultivated archaea, but also to archaea from the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales orders.

14

Zalew Wiślany - Zalew Wielkich Możliwości

Wcisła J.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2017

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Nr 8

262--264

PL

Jeszcze 10 lat temu o Zalewie Wiślanym mówiliśmy, że jest zalewem niewykorzystanych możliwości. Od tego czasu wiele się jednak zmieniło. Regularnie odbywa się tu kilkanaście regat żeglarskich, z najważniejszymi polsko-rosyjskimi Regatami o Puchar Trzech Marszałków. Zdecydowanie poprawiła się infrastruktura, głównie dzięki realizacji programu Pętla Żuławska, w ramach którego odbudowaliśmy lub zmodernizowaliśmy 14 przystani i marin. Pięć lat po ich oddaniu do użytku przyjmują rocznie ponad 130 tys. turystów. Magnesem jest także możliwość przeniesienia się z samego zalewu na zabudowane zabytkowymi budowlami hydrotechnicznymi rzeki (śluzami, mostami zwodzonymi, stacjami pomp, wrotami przeciwpowodziowymi) i kanały Żuław Wiślanych czy Kanał Elbląski - unikatowy zabytek z jedynymi na świecie pochylniami, które pokonuje się, płynąc... po trawie. Dzisiaj o Zalewie Wiślanym mówimy, że jest Zalewem Wielkich Możliwości.

EN

Only 10 years ago, we were referring to the Vistula Lagoon as the lagoon of unused opportunities. A lot has changed since then. Over dozen sailing regattas are organized regularly on the Lagoon, including the most important Polish-Russian Three Marshals Cup. The infrastructure improved decidedly, mainly due to the Żuławy Loop programme implementation, as part of which 14 harbours and marinas were reconstructed or modernized. Five years after their commissioning, they welcome over 130 thousand tourists every year. Another attraction is the possibility to navigate from the Lagoon to the rivers, with their hydraulic engineering facilities (locks, drawbridges, pumping stations, flood gates), and the canals of Żuławy Wiślane or the Elbląg Canal - a unique monument with the only slipways in the world leading along... the grass. Today, we refer to the Vistula Lagoon as the Lagoon of Great Opportunities.

15

The first report on the establishment and spread of the alien clam Rangia cuneata (Mactridae) in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic)

Warzocha J., Szymanek L., Witalis B., Wodzinowski T.

Oceanologia

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2016

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No. 58 (1)

54--58

EN

Information on distribution of the bivalve Rangia cuneata in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon is presented. The species, first recorded in the Lagoon in 2010, has since rapidly colonized almost the entire basin. The distribution and population structure of the species have been studied in the Polish part of the Lagoon since 2012. Preliminary results on distribution and size structure of the population highlight extensive fluctuations in 2012–2014. A drastic reduction in the abundance following the relatively long winter of 2012/2013 suggests that the winter oxygen deficiency associated with the ice cover could be critical for the population development. Potential effects of the new invasive bivalve on the structure of benthic habitats and macrozoobenthos communities are discussed.

16

Koncepcja transportu statków przez Mierzeję Wiślaną łączącego Zalew Wiślany z Zatoką Gdańską – bez przekopu Mierzei Wiślanej

Sajkiewicz S.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 50

1--10

PL

Budowę kanału (przekopu Mierzei Wiślanej), stanowiącego drogę wodną między Zalewem Wiślanym a Zatoką Gdańską, rozważano od dawna. W roku 1945 inż. Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (budowniczy portu w Gdyni) planował realizację takiej inwestycji. W roku 1947 Urząd Miasta w Elblągu opracował studium pt. „Czy i jakie istnieją możliwości gospodarczej odbudowy Elbląga”. W latach 1996 oraz 2004 profesor Tadeusz Jednorał opracował koncepcję budowy kanału (przekopu) Mierzei Wiślanej, łączącego Zalew Wiślany z Zatoką Gdańską. Powstawały kolejne dokumentacje techniczne i przyrodnicze, podnoszące techniczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne aspekty budowy kanału na Mierzei Wiślanej, które budziły poważne wątpliwości ze sprzeciwem włącznie. Opracowano stosowne dokumentacje przyrodnicze wraz z prognozami negatywnych następstw budowy i użytkowania przeprawy statków kanałem. Alternatywne rozwiązanie przeprawy statków przez Mierzeję Wiślaną przedstawiło Biuro Projektów Ochrony Środowiska „SAJMOR” w roku 2008. Rząd Polski w maju 2016 r. podjął uchwałę o programie „Budowa drogi wodnej łączącej Zalew Wiślany z Zatoką Gdańską”, nie zważając na ograniczenia wynikające z prawa ekologicznego „Obszar Natura 2000”. W nawiązaniu do powyższej decyzji, nieunikniona jest dyskusja o przyrodniczej, technicznej i ekonomicznej zasadności budowy przekopu kanału na Mierzei Wiślanej, łączącego Zalew Wiślany z Zatoką Gdańską.

EN

The construction of canal (cut-through the Vistula Sandbar) to build a water way connecting the Vistula Lagoon and the Gdańsk Bay has long been considered. In 1945, engineer Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (the constructor of the Gdynia seaport) planned to realize such an investment. In 1947, the City Municipality in Elbląg developed a study entitled: ‘Are there any and what type of possibilities to economically rebuild the town of Elbląg?’. In 1966 and 2000 professor Tadeusz Jednorał developed a concept of construction of a canal (cut-through) the Vistula Sandbar, connecting the Vistula Lagoon with the Gdańsk Bay. Further technical and ecological documentations were produced while the technical, economic and social aspects of a canal cutting through the Vistula Sandbar presented therein, raised considerable doubts including protests. That is why the relevant ecological documentations were developed complete with forecasts of negative effects of canal construction and vessel accommodation. Alternative solution for transporting ships across the Vistula Sandbar was presented by the ‘SAJMOR’ Environmental Protection Projects Bureau in 2008. As it was announced in May 2016, the Government of Poland passed a resolution to carry on with the programme ‘Construction of waterway linking the Vistula Lagoon with the Gdańsk Bay’, taking no account of restrictions stemming from ecological regulations concerning Natura 2000 sites. With reference to the above decision, a debate with the participation of opponents will be necessary to discuss ecological, technical and economic arguments for the construction of a cut-through across the Vistula Sandbar to link the Vistula Lagoon with the Gdańsk Bay.

17

Shipping on the Vistula Lagoon – analysis and potential partially to replace land transport

Chubarenko B. V., Pilipchuk V. A., Domnin D. A., Staśkiewicz A.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2016

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Vol. 31, No. 1

154--159

EN

In Poland and Russia, sharing the Vistula Lagoon, there are strong tendencies toward developing tourism, on the local and national scale. Socio-economic development of the Vistula Lagoon subregion can benefit from the ongoing process of improving infrastructure of ports and harbours. The aim of the paper is to analyse transport accessibility of ports and harbours of the Lagoon. Potential partially to replace land transport by ships is investigated. Travel times by land and waterways between ports and harbours of the Vistula Lagoon within national borders and the entire Lagoon basin are compared. On average, water transport requires more time – up to four hours, than land transport – up to three hours. However, advantages of water transport in travels from inner ports, like Frombork, Mamonovo, Nowa Pasłęka, and Ushakovo, to ports on the Vistula Spit are obvious. Due to shorter travel distances, water travel in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon is less time-consuming than in the Russian part.

PL

W Polsce i Rosji, współgospodarujących na Zalewie Wiślanym, istnieją silne tendencje rozwoju turystyki w skali lokalnej i krajowej. Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy subregionu Zalewu Wiślanego może skorzystać z trwającego tam procesu poprawy infrastruktury portów i przystani. Celem pracy jest analiza transportowej dostępności portów i przystani Zalewu Wiślanego lądem i wodą oraz zbadanie potencjalnych możliwości częściowego zastąpienia transportu lądowego przez transport wodny. Dokonano oceny czasu podróży lądem i wodą między portami i przystaniami Zalewu Wiślanego – między portami krajowymi, a także między portami różnych krajów. Średnio biorąc, korzystanie z transportu wodnego wymaga nieco więcej czasu w całym regionie, do 4 godzin, niż w przypadku podróży samochodem, do 3 godzin. Przewaga transportu wodnego jest bezsporna w podróży z portów na wewnętrznym brzegu Zalewu jak Frombork, Mamonowo, Nowa Pasłęka, Uszakowo do portów położonych na Mierzei Wiślanej. Ze względu na mniejsze odległości drogą wodną żegluga w polskiej części Zalewu jest bardziej korzystna niż po stronie rosyjskiej.

18

Range extension of Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) in Poland (the Baltic Sea basin) and its ability to osmoregulate in different environmental salinities

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Melzer M., Majkowski W.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 3

294--304

EN

The paper reports the range extension of the Ponto- Caspian gammarid Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and the first occurrence of this species in new areas of the Polish part of the Baltic Sea basin: the Śmiała Vistula and the Vistula Lagoon. The studies additionally determine the osmoregulatory ability of the species under laboratory conditions within the salinity range of 2-22 PSU. Determination of the osmoregulation of the species shows that D. villosus is a hyperregulator at given experimental salinities and can function in a wide range of external salinities so it is potentially able to colonize various water bodies. Osmoregulatory capacity, which is an indicator of organism’s efforts to regulate the concentration of its body fluids, shows that for individuals from the Gulf of Gdańsk, 6 PSU is the best tolerated salinity. Osmoregulatory capacity is the lowest at this salinity value. The range extension and potential osmoregulatory abilities of the species to spread to other waters are discussed in the context of pollution levels given in the literature with reference to the habitat and sensitivity of the species to e.g. fluoride and cadmium toxicity.

19

Nasuwy tafli lodowych na brzegi polskich zalewów przybrzeżnych

Girjatowicz J. P.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2015

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nr 2

86—90

PL

Przykłady nasuwów tafli lodowych na brzeg i badanie ich form na Zalewach Wiślanym i Szczecińskim. Hydrologiczno-meteorologiczne przyczyny nasuwania się lodu na brzeg. Wnioski.

EN

Examples of ice sheets onshore thrusting and its forms were explored in the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons. Hydrometeorological conditions of ice onshore thrusting. Conclusions.

20

Zastosowanie wskaźnika BPL do oceny stanu biozanieczyszczenia polskiej części Zalewu Wiślanego

Michałek M A, Gruszka P

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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Nr 41

61--68

PL

Celem pracy jest określenie przydatności wskaźnika BPL (ang. biopollution level index) do oceny stanu biozanieczyszczenia polskiej części Zalewu Wiślanego. Na podstawie danych z lat 2010 i 2012 w akwenie odnotowano łącznie 15 gatunków makrozoobentosu, w tym 5 zaliczono do grupy gatunków nierodzimych: Marenzelleria neglecta, Rhitropanopeus harrissi, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Dreissena polymorpha i Rangia cuneata. W oparciu o przyjęte kryteria i dane literaturowe dotyczące wpływu obcych gatunków na środowisko, stan biozanieczyszczenia Zalewu Wiślanego został oceniony jako średni.

EN

This paper presents biopollution assessment results with respect to macrozoobenthic non-indigenous species in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. A biopollution level index (BPL) was applied and evaluated based on the studies on macrozoobenthos conducted in 2010 and 2012 within the frame of several individual projects. Overall 15 macrozoobenthic species were identified, 5 of which were aquatic alien species: Marenzelleria neglecta, Rhitropanopeus harrissi, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Dreissena polymorpha and Rangia cuneata. According to the applied criteria the Vistula Lagoon was moderately influenced by invasive species.