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The Use of Macroelements from Municipal Sewage Sludge by the Multiflora Rose and the Virginia fanpetals

Antonkiewicz J., Kołodziej B., Bielińska E. J., Gleń-Karolczyk K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 6

1--13

EN

Municipal sewage sludge contains many valuable nutrients which can be used in the cultivation of energy crops. Application of large doses of sewage sludge can be a cause of environmental pollution, especially with nutrients. The multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals are plants with high nutritional requirements. The use of municipal sewage sludge in the cultivation of energy crops will allow recycling the nutrients from this organic waste. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of macroelements from municipal sewage sludge by the multiflora rose var. "Jatar" (Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray) and the Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). Four levels of sewage sludge fertilization were applied in the 6-year field experiment: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM sludge ∙ ha-1. Sewage sludge was applied once before planting energy crops. Due to the low potassium content in sewage sludge, a single supplementary fertilization with 100 kg K ∙ ha-1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl) was applied on each plot. The study involved the evaluation of the yield, uptake and use by energy plants of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from sewage sludge. It was found that the increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals biomass yields. The yield of the Virginia fanpetals was one and a half times higher than that of the multiflora rose. The increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the contents and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na by these plants. The highest uptake of macronutrients by the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals crops was determined for 60 Mg DM ∙ ha-1 fertilization dose. The results show that the Virginia fanpetals used N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from the sewage sludge to a greater extent than the multiflora rose. The analyses indicate that due to the greater yields, bioaccumulation and uptake of macronutrients, Virginia fanpetals is more effective in the ‘purification’ of the substrate from excess nutrients that may pose a threat to the environment.

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Using ash from incineration of municipal sewage sludge to fertilize Virginia Fanpetals

Wierzbowska J., Sienkiewicz S., Sternik P., Busse M. K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 4

497--507

EN

The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of ash from a sewage sludge incinerating facility on yields and mineral composition of Virginia fanpetals, and on the content of heavy metals in soil. The study was based on a pot experiment in which ash obtained from sewage sludge incineration at the Lyna Wastewater Treatment Plant was used as a substitute of mineral fertilizers. The dominant fertilizing ingredients found in the analyzed ash were phosphorus and calcium. The content of cadmium and lead was lower than the allowable concentrations of these metals in mineral fertilizers. Ash from incinerated sewage sludge did not have any substantial effect on the soil content of the mobile forms of cadmium, copper, lead and chromium. With respect to three metals, namely nickel, zinc and manganese, the medium and high doses of ash raised significantly their concentrations in soil. The rate of ash had no influence on the content of sodium and magnesium in the plants but when the highest dose of ash had been applied, the concentration of calcium in plants rose significantly. Ash modified the content of heavy metals in the plant material only very slightly.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu popiołu ze spalania osadów ściekowych na plon i skład mineralny ślazowca pensylwański oraz na zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie. Podstawę badań stanowiło doświadczenie wazonowe, w którym popiół ze spalania osadów ściekowych z oczyszczalni „Łyna” w Olsztynie był stosowany jako substytut nawozów mineralnych. W popiele tym dominującymi składnikami nawozowymi były fosfor i wapń. Zawartość kadmu i ołowiu była niższa od dopuszczalnych stężeń tych metali w nawozach mineralnych. Popiół ze spalania osadów ściekowych nie miał istotnego wpływu na zawartość w glebie z mobilnych form kadmu, miedzi, ołowiu i chromu. Średnie i wysokie dawki popiołu znacznie zwiększyły w glebie zawartość cynku, niklu i manganu. Dawki popiołu nie miał wpływu na zawartość sodu i magnezu w roślinach, natomiast największa dawka popiołu istotnie zwiększyła zawartość wapnia w roślinach. Popiół tylko nieznacznie modyfikował zawartości metali ciężkich w materiale roślinnym.

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The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (Sida Hermaphrodita Rusby) biomass Part 2. Heavy metals content, their uptake dynamics and bioaccumulation

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 3

8-14

EN

A single-factor fi eld experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008-2010. In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method and high-calcium brown coal ash (furnace waste) were used. The perennial energy crop was a test plant - Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). It results from the carried out study that Virginia fanpetals biomass contained on average the most manganese (24.7 mg?kg-1 d.m.), lead (2.50 mg?kg-1 d.m.) and zinc (50.5 mg?kg-1 d.m.) in 2008, while the most cadmium (0.33 mg?kg-1 d.m.), copper (3.78 mg?kg-1 d.m.) and nickel (2.57 mg?kg-1 d.m.) in 2010. Average cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in test plant biomass were higher, respectively by 14.3%, 10.0%, 7.3%, 19.3%, 29.1% and 6.9%, in the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to those where only calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash had been introduced into the soil. The differences in cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in Virginia fanpetals biomass between particular experimental objects were not signifi cant. The least zinc was absorbed by the test plant biomass in the object with high-calcium brown coal ash being applied in the fi rst year of study and annually. When evaluating the dynamics of heavy metals uptake, it was found to be the lowest in the fi rst year of study (ranging from 4.40% to 11.0%). It increased in the second and the third year of study, oscillating between 29.9% and 65.7%. The degree of heavy metals accumulation in Virginia fanpetals biomass differed, depending on the fertilisation applied. The bioaccumulation factor of cadmium, copper and nickel after three study years was average, while that of manganese, lead and zinc was intense.

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The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (SIDA HERMAPHRODITA RUSBY) biomass. Part 1. Macroelements content and their upatke dynamics

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 2

9-15

EN

A single-factor field experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008-2010. In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method was used and high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose corresponding. A test plant was Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphodrita Rusby). The obtained results show that Virginia fanpetals biomass contained on average the most nitrogen (3.72 gźkg-1 d.m.), calcium (6.03 gźkg-1 d.m.) and sulphur (1.24 gźkg-1 d.m.) in 2008, while the most potassium (4.39 gźkg-1 d.m.) in 2010. Significantly more phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was contained by Virginia fanpetals biomass from the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash being introduced into soil at the beginning of study. Differences in average nitrogen, potassium and calcium contents in the test plant biomass from particular fertilisation objects were not significant. The macroelements uptake by Virginia fanpetals biomass depended on the yield size and the content of chemical elements under discussion in it.

5

Wartość opałowa biomasy łodyg ślazowca pensylwańskiego w zależności od wilgotności

Szyszlak-Bargłowicz J., Piekarski W.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2009

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R. 13, nr 8

223-230

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań oznaczenia ciepła spalania i obliczenia wartości opałowej wykonanych dla biomasy łodyg ślazowca pensylwańskiego o różnej wilgotności w różnych terminach zbioru łodyg rośliny. Wyniki pomiarów ciepła spalania i wartości opałowej biomasy łodyg ślazowca pensylwańskiego potwierdziły, że roślina ta może być surowcem energetycznym.

EN

The paper presents results of the research on combustion heat determination and calorific value computation for biomass from Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) stems characterized by varying humidity, carried out at different plant stem harvest dates. Measurement results of combustion heat and calorific value for biomass obtained from Virginia fanpetals stems have confirmed that this plant may constitute usable material for energy production.