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Analysis of the Phytoremediation Dynamic System of Lead in Mangrove Plants at the Wonorejo River Estuary, Surabaya, Indonesia

Sait Yohanna Camelia Bengan, Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno Herman

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 9

225--236

Lead (Pb) is a non-essential heavy metal found as an inorganic pollutant in the water, sediment, and mangrove plant tissue in Wonorejo River Estuary. Several studies showed that its concentration exceeds the quality standard stipulated in the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 and the EPA sediment quality. Moreover, the phytoremediation of Pb through mangroves Avicennia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Avicennia marina at Wonorejo River Estuary was investigated. It was discovered that the environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and salinity as well as bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values are different for each species. The dynamics of the Pb phytoremediation system were also modeled using Vensim PLE x64 software to determine the effect of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, BOD and COD, as well as Pb concentration on the ability of mangroves to accumulate and translocate Pb. The results showed that a behavioral mechanism pattern was formed based on the relationship between the environmental factors, Pb concentration, and the phytoremediation ability of the mangroves with time. This pattern affected the root and leaf BCF values of each mangrove. Furthermore, the validation test showed that the model is structurally valid and has MAPE values for the Pb phytoremediation model with S. caseolaris and R. stylosa having <30% while Avicennia marina and A. alba had <50%. Therefore, the model was categorized as fairly good with a valid forecast. The system dynamics predicted that the highest concentrations of Pb in water, roots, and stems in 2041 were in R. stylose at 1,329,110 mg/L, 2,054,110 mg/kg, and 3,393,950 mg/kg, respectively. The highest accumulation value in plant tissue was dominated by mangrove species of R. stylose. In conclusion, the environmental parameter values at habitat of R. stylose were in good condition for the growth of the mangroves compared with other species of mangrove.

Podejście systemowe w kwestiach modelowania problemów na szczeblu strategicznym państwa

Falkiewicz Ewa, Siemieńska Beata, Borek Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe WSEI. Seria Transport i Informatyka

2015

T. 5, nr 1

57--64

Celem referatu jest pokazanie znaczenia dynamiki systemowej w modelowaniu problemów o charakterze dynamicznym na szczeblu strategicznym państwa oraz wykorzystania jej elementów w procesie symulacji komputerowej. Ponadto zostanie krótko scharakteryzowane podejście systemowe, stosowane przy rozwiązywaniu problemów złożonych, a także przedstawione będą podstawowe założenia dynamiki systemowej. Dodatkowo przedstawiona będzie aplikacja Vensim PLE, jako przykład programu symulacyjnego o charakterze edukacyjnym, a także pokazany prosty model symulacyjny, zbudowany na podstawie tego pakietu, imitujący epidemię ptasiej grypy.

The aim of the following paper is the presentation of the meaning of the system dynamics in modelling of the problems with dynamic features on the strategic level of the state as well as the use of its components in the process of computer simulation. Furthermore, the system approach used while solving complex problems together with basic assumptions of system dynamics are briefly described here. Additionally, Vension PLE application is presented as the example of the educational simulation program. Besides the simple simulation model, based on the mentioned program, imitating the epidemic of bird flu is provided in the papter.