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Kozłowski Andrzej, Matyszczak Witold

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 1

9--31

EN

Fluorite mineralization was studied in the Variscan granitoid Karkonosze pluton in the northern part of the Bohemian massif (Lower Silesia, Poland). Fluid inclusions in fluorite and quartz were investigated by the following methods: heating and freezing on an immersion microscope stage, spectrophotometric and electron probe analysis, calcination and water leachate. The parent fluids of fluorite were of the Na-Ca-Cl type with a low CO₂ content. The fluoride ions had sources in the pluton and in its host rocks. Fluid inclusion observations provide evidence of various post-formation alteration. such as refilling, partition, cracking, migration, expulsion or vacuole modification from irregular to cubic habit. A final model of fluorite origin and parent fluid evolution is presented.

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The auriferous ore mineralisation and its zonal distribution around the Variscan Kłodzko–Złoty Stok granitoid pluton in the Sudetes (SW Poland) – an overview

Mikulski S. Z., Speczik S.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 3

650--674

EN

Due to a low level of erosion the Variscan (Carboniferous–Mississippian) Kłodzko–Złoty Stok (KZS) granitoid pluton and its metamorphic rock cover are unique examples of the ore mineralisation distribution pattern around a pluton. The KZS pluton formed from I-type magmas. It is composed mostly of high-K, metaluminous, biotite- and hornblende-rich granitoids of various compositions ranging from granodiorite to monzonite. The ore mineralisation in the KZS shows specific zonation that reflects interaction between post-magmatic mineralising fluids and country rocks of different composition. In the KZS pluton and its surroundings the mineralisation reveals high-temperature Ti-W oxides and As-Fe sulphide-arsenides plus Fe-oxides which are replaced outwards by Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn sulphides and subsequently, in the marginal parts of the pluton, by the Pb-Sb-Fe sulphide mineralisation. The specific elements and the isotopic composition of sulphur in ore minerals indicate that the metal-bearing postmagmatic-metamorphic hydrothermal fluids, despite their strong affinities to the KZS hybrid magmatic fluids, show also an influence of variable composition of country rocks. Variable alteration processes: hornfelsitisation, skarnisation, dolomitisation, serpentinitisation, pyroxenisation, biotitisation, K-feldspatisation, silicification, berezitisation, carbonatisation, prehinitisation, chloritisation, epidotisation, sericitisation, albitisation and sulphidisation developed along contacts of various rock types within the country rocks. In more fractured zones, transported elements were preferentially trapped by calcareous (Ca-rich) metamorphic rocks. Moreover, along the direct contact between granitoids and calcareous rocks a high temperature auriferous skarns with magnetite-pyrrhotite or/and löllingite-arsenopyrite mineralisation were formed. There are positive correlations between organic matter and Fe2O3 and MgO contents in skarns, suggesting remobilization of organic matter by hydrothermal fluids released during serpentinisation. The organic matter and carbonate samples have very variable δ13C and δ18O values. Most probably these are the result of isotopic re-equilibration between minerals under high temperatures. On the intimate contact of granitoids with less permeable amphibolitic hornfelses a high temperature titanite-scheelite mineralisation of veinlet-impregnation type occurred, while thermal and metasomatic alteration of the enveloping more permeable sandstones developed away from direct contact with granites, causing the formation of pyrite-rich beresites. As a rule, different types of sulphide ore mineralisation contain refractory gold captured by arsenopyrite, löllingite and/or pyrite. Moreover, the formation of contact-metasomatic ore mineralisation was accompanied by ore precipitation in veins and stockworks at a wide temperature range from 480 to 150°C during early and late fracturing stages. The younger stages also revealed variable concentration of gold. All those observations strongly indicate that the whole KZS pluton and its aureole was fertile in gold.

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Last stage of Variscan granitoid magmatism in the Strzelin Massif (SW Poland) : petrology and age of the biotite-muscovite granites

Oberc-Dziedzic T., Kryza R., Pin C.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 4

718--737

EN

New petrographic and geochemical data show some differences between Variscan Bt-Ms granites occurring either as small plutons or dykes in the Strzelin Massif (SW Poland). The granites of the Gromnik and Górka Sobocka plutons are rich in micas and crystallized from "wet" magmas; the granites in the dykes and in the Gębczyce pluton are mica-poorer and cordierite-bearing rocks, derived from “dryer” magmas. The lower initial eNd values in the Bt-Ms granites of the dykes, compared with those in the plutons, reflect a more "crustal" signature of the former, possibly due to local crustal assimilation, via AFC, shortly before emplacement. Much more radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the dykes, up to 0.726, further suggest the involvement of extraneous, hydrous crustal fluids enriched in 87Sr during the evolution of late-stage magma derivatives. The new U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age of 296 ± 6 Ma for the Gębczyce Bt-Ms granite shows that this body belongs to the third stage of magmatism in the Strzelin Massif. The U-Pb SHRIMP zircon data for the Bt-Ms granite dykes provide ages similar to those of their host rocks: c. 295 Ma for the Gęsiniec tonalite and the enclosed Bt-Ms granite, and c. 285 Ma for the Strzelin biotite granite and its Bt-Ms granite dykes. These new data from peraluminous rock-types complement our previous studies focused on the tonalites, granodiorites and biotite granites, and shed light on the late-stage igneous evolution of the Strzelin Massif.

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Zircon U-Pb ages of granitoid apophyses in the western part of the Kłodzko–Złoty Stok Granite Pluton (SW Poland)

Mikulski S.Z., Williams I. S.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

251--262

EN

Granitoids from the Graniec–Bardo and Myszak apophyses of the Kłodzko–Złoty Stok (KZS) Granite Pluton that intrude the Upper Paleozoic flysch of the Bardo Unit have zircon U-Pb ages, measured by SHRIMP, of 341.6 ± 2.8 Ma and 341.4 ± 2.2 Ma, respectively. These results augment our previous dating that recorded a short period of Middle Mississippian (Visean) hypabyssal magmatism that produced a variety of KZS igneous rocks of different compositions between ca. 341 and 331 Ma. The Graniec–Bardo and Myszak apophyses belong to the earliest stage of the pluton emplacement. Geochemical and petrographic studies of the dated samples indicate that they are biotite- and hornblende-rich tonalite and syenogabbro of diverse composition and typical of rocks originating from hybrid magmas formed in the geotectonic transition from an early stage collisional granitoid emplacement to its fast orogenic uplift. The polymetallic auriferous ore mineralisation of contact metasomatic type found in intimate contact with the Graniec–Bardo apophysis near Bardo Śląskie may also be of Visean age.

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Th-U-total Pb timing constraints on the emplacement of the granitoid pluton of Stolpen, Germany

Lisowiec K., Budzyń B., Słaby E., Schulz B., Renno A. D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 4

457--472

EN

Monazite from the Stolpen monzogranite (SE Germany) was studied to constrain the Th-U-total Pb age of pluton formation. Monazite grains demonstrate subtle to distinct patchy zoning related to slight compositional variations. Textural and compositional characteristics indicate that the monazite formed in a single magmatic event in a slightly heterogeneous system, and was only weakly affected by secondary alteration, which did not disturb the Th-U-Pb system. Chemical dating of the monazite gave a consistent age of 299 ± 1.7 Ma. The current study presents the first geochronological data for the Stolpen granite. It provides evidence that Stolpen is the youngest Variscan granitic intrusion in the Lusatian Granodiorite Complex and indicates that magmatic activity related to post-collisional extension in this region lasted at least 5my longer than previously assumed.

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Variscan granitoid plutonism in the Strzelin Massif (SW Poland) : petrology and age of the composite Strzelin granite intrusion

Oberc-Dziedzic T., Kryza R., Pin C., Madej S.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 2

269–-288

EN

Petrological data and recently published U/Pb zircon SHRIMP ages reveal a protracted Variscan magmatic evolution in the Strzelin Massif (SW Poland), with three main stages of granitoid plutonism: 1 – tonalitic I, 2 – granodioritic and 3 – tonalitic II/granitic. The granitoids of the second and third stages form the Strzelin intrusion that is composed of three varieties: medium-grained biotite granite, fine-grained biotite granite and fine-grained biotite-muscovite granite. New SHRIMP data show that the medium-grained and fine-grained biotite granites comprise different zircon populations that reflect complex and prolonged plutonic processes. Two distinct magmatic events seem to be represented by well-defined zircon populations with apparent 206Pb/238U ages of 303 ± 2 Ma in the medium-grained biotite granite, and 283 ± 8 Ma in the fine-grained biotite granite. These dates, however, do not necessarily reflect the true magmatic ages, possibly being “rejuvenated” by radiogenic lead loss in zircons (impossible to resolve based on routine SHRIMP data). Based on field evidence, the third variety, the biotite-muscovite granite, postdates both types of biotite granites. The petrographic and geochemical features, including Nd isotope signature, along with various zircon inheritance patterns and ages, suggest that the parental magmas of the three granites originated from different crustal sources and were emplaced during three successive magmatic pulses.

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Late stage Variscan magmatism in the Strzelin Massif (SW Poland): SHRIMP zircon ages of tonalite and Bt-Ms granite of the Gęsiniec intrusion

Oberc-Dziedzic T., Kryza R.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 2

225-236

EN

The Gęsiniec composite intrusion in the northern part of the Strzelin Massif (Fore-Sudetic Block, SW Poland) was formed in the course of three late Variscan magmatic episodes: tonalitic I, granodioritic, and tonalitic II/granitic. The age of the Gęsiniec tonalite, 295 š3 Ma, is the same as that of another tonalite body in the southern part of the Strzelin Massif, the Kalinka tonalite. The younger biotite-muscovite (Bt-Ms) granite, in a dyke cutting the Gęsiniec tonalite, has an indistinguishable isotopic age of 295 š5 Ma; it contains, however, inherited zircons with ages between ca. 1.5 Ga to 374 Ma, similar to zircon ages from surrounding gneisses. This suggests that the magmatic protolith of gneisses and the magma of the Bt-Ms granite could have come from similar sources, or that the magma of the Bt-Ms granite was contaminated by the gneisses. Both the tonalite and Bt-Ma granite represent a late stage of the granitoid magmatism in the eastern part of the Variscan orogen.

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The granitoids of the Lipowe Hills (Fore-Sudetic Block) and their relationship to the Strzelin granites

Oberc-Dziedzic T., Pin C.

Geologia Sudetica

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2000

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Vol. 33, nr 1

17-22

EN

Muscovite-biotite granites, medium-grained biotite tonalites and fine-grained granodiorites from three boreholes situated in the middle part of the Lipowe Hills were characterized. It was found that the muscovite-biotite granites from the boreholes correspond to the Górka Sobocka granite known from the northern part of the Lipowe Hills. This granite was in turn compared to the light coloured granitoids, the so-called Gębczyce and Biały Kościół granites, from the Strzelin crystalline massif. The age link between the muscovite-biotite granites from the Lipowe Hills crystalline complex and those from the Strzelin massif was confirmed by the result of the whole-rock Rb-Sr analyse of a muscovite-biotite granite sample collected in the Górka Sobocka quarry. This result plots on the isochron obtained previously for the muscovite-biotite granites from the Strzelin and Gębczyce quarries at ca 330 Ma, with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7055.