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1

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting:” Colorado River water disputes over the Lake Powell Pipeline

Perdomo Marin Juan Camilo

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

1--28

EN

This case study analyzes the history, controversies, implications, and uncertainty in constructing the Lake Powell Pipeline (LPP) to evaluate how the state of Utah has been addressing the larger problem of responding to growing local demands for water within a regional context of reductions and cuts in water allocations. The research uses a multimethod approach, namely, analysis of historical documents, interviews, literature review, and field notes to link this case’s overlapping factors affecting the viability of LPP. The paper is divided into five sections: (1) an introductory review of the political and technological history of the Colorado River; (2) a description of the arguments and controversies related to the construction of LPPs; (3), identifying how the history of the Colorado River and LPP are deeply connected; (4) analysis of the properties of water infrastructure to understand what is at stake in the materialization of this project; and (5) a characterization of the complex political scenarios behind the negotiations over the LPP. The paper concludes with a reflection on how these controversies are part of a worldwide phenomenon: i.e., where building local water infrastructure is prioritized while ignoring the need for more holistic river basin policies.

2

First report on dinosaur tracks from the Burro Canyon Formation, San Juan County, Utah, USA : evidence of a diverse, hitherto unknown Lower Cretaceous dinosaur fauna

Milàn J., Chiappe L. M., Loope D. B., Kirkland J. I., Lockley M. G.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 3

515--525

EN

The newly discovered White Mesa tracksite in the Burro Canyon Formation represents a snapshot of a diverse, Lower Cretaceous dinosaur fauna from south-eastern Utah. The tracks were found at a construction site where the sandstone had been bulldozed and broken up. All tracks were found as deep, well-preserved natural casts on the underside of the sandstone slabs. Individual theropod tracks are 19–57 cm in length; one peculiar track shows evidence of a possible pathological swelling in the middle of digit III and an apparently didactyl track is tentatively assigned to a dromaeosaurid. Individual sauropod tracks are found with pes lengths of 36–72 cm, and interestingly, three distinct shapes of manus tracks, ranging from wide banana shaped to rounded and hoof-like. Ornithopods are represented with individual tracks 18–37 cm in length; a sin gle track can possibly be attributed to the thyreophoran ichnogenus Deltapodus. Zircon U-Pb dating places the track-bearing layer in the Barremian, contemporary to the lower Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, which has a similar faunal composition based on both tracks and body fossils. This new track-fauna demonstrates the existence of a diverse dinosaurian assemblage in the lower part of the Burro Canyon Formation, which hitherto is not known to yield skeletalre mains.

3

Lithostratigraphy of the Jurassic San Rafael Group from Bluff to the Abajo Mountains, southeastern Utah: Stratigraphic relationships of the Bluff Sandstone

Lucas S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 2

55--68

EN

Measured sections of Jurassic San Rafael Group strata correlated by lithostratigraphy along an ~60 km transect between Bluff and the Abajo Mountains in southeastern Utah indicate that: (1) the Carmel Formation is continuous and disconformable on the Navajo Sandstone (J-2 unconformity); (2) the Entrada Sandstone (Slick Rock Member) is continuous and conformable on the Carmel; (3) the Summerville Formation is continuous and does not intertongue with the Entrada (its base is the J-2 unconformity); (4) the Bluff Sandstone grades northward into the upper Summerville south of the Abajo Mountains; (5) the Recapture Member of the Bluff is physically continuous with at least part of the Tidwell Member of the Summerville; and (5) the base of the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Fm. is a pervasive unconformity (J-5) with demonstrable local stratigraphic relief of up to 14 m. These observations counter previous claims of extensive Entrada-Summerville intertonguing in southeastern Utah and do not support recognition of depositional sequence boundaries in the Entrada and Summerville lithosomes. Though Entrada deposition may have been by a wet eolian system, its southeastern Utah outcrops are well to the south/ southeast of any marine and paralic facies with which the Entrada intertongues.

4

Indianie Pueblo – starożytni architekci i rzemieślnicy z Utah i Kolorado

Palonka R

Szkło i Ceramika

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2013

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R. 64, nr 5

18--20

PL

The Mesa Verde region, located in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, is well known to archaeologists and many tourists because of its beautiful landscape and famous cliff dwellings in the alcoves of the sandstone canyons. These ancient villages were constructed an inhabited during the XIII century A.D. by Pueblo culture. This region was one area where ancient Puebloans developed their culture to a great extent. Today, visible traces of it are well preserved architecture in canyons’ alcoves and niches as well as artifacts, and especially black-on-white pottery. Since 2011 study of the settlement model and socio-cultural changes that took place in Pueblo culture as well as documentation of material culture, mainly pottery is realized by Sand Canyon-Castle Rock Community Archaeological Project, first Polish archaeological project in USA, conducted in the Mesa Verde region, southwestern Colorado.

5

Walory krajobrazowe determinantą rozwoju geoturystyki na przykładzie Stanu Utah (Ameryka Północna)

Papińska E., Białkowska-Jelińska E.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2010

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nr 14

138--153

PL

Stan Utah leży na środkowym zachodzie USA. Zajmuje on 219 887 km2 powierzchni, którą zamieszkuje 2,800 tys. mieszkańców (2009 r.). Gęstość zaludnienia jest stosunkowo niewielka i wynosi ponad 12os/km2. Wpływ na tę sytuację mają przede wszystkim stosunkowo niekorzystne warunki naturalne z których najważniejszy wpływ ma ukształtowanie terenu i warunki klimatyczne. Różnorodność krajobrazu będąca efektem ogromnego zróżnicowania form rzeźby, wpłynęła na fakt iż na terenie Utah powstało 5 parków narodowych (Zion, Bryce, Capitol Reef, Arches i Canyonlands), utworzono pomniki narodowe oraz obszary o niższej randze ochrony. Każdy z tych obszarów przyciąga rzesze turystów z USA i z całego świata, gdyż znajdują się tu niepowtarzalne formy krajobrazu, jak np. w Arches NP znajduje się ponad 1700 naturalnych łuków skalnych. Obszary te mają ogromne znaczenie dla rozwoju turystyki (geoturystyki) w USA, a tym samym dla gospodarki. Rocznie parki narodowe w Utah odwiedza ok. 6 mln osób.

EN

The state of Utah is located in west-central United States. The area of 219 887 km2 is populated by 2.8 million people (in 2009). Population density is relatively low: 12 persons per square km. The main reasons for low population density are unfavourable natural conditions. The most important are topography and climate. Utah’s landscape diversity is a consequence of a variety of terrain types. For that reason, there are 5 national parks (Zion, Bryce, Capitol Reef, Arches and Canyonlands), national monuments, and other lower rank protected areas established in Utah. Each of these places, characterized by unique types of landscape brings millions of tourists per year from USA and all over the World. For example, Arches National Park has more than 1700 natural arches. All these protected areas are very important in development of tourism industry (geotourism), as well as in economy of USA. Utah’s national parks draw more than 6 million visitors annually.

6

A Grallator-dominated tracksite from the Chinle Group (Late Triassic), Moab, Utah

Lockley M. G., Gierlinski G. D.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 4

433-440

EN

Two roadside localities on the northern fringes of Moab, Grand County, Utah yield previously un-described Upper Triassic vertebrate tracks from the Chinle Group (Rock Point Formation). The first locality, designated the high way 191 site, yields dozens of small theropod dinosaur tracks (Grallator) preserved on a single, fallen slab. The tracks form a monospecific assemblage preserved as natural casts. The assemblage is representative of what has been referred to as Rhaetic assemblage II which is dominated by small Grallator tracks. In situ Grallator tracks are also described from a nearby locality, referred to as the Matrimony Spring site, where they are found in association with the ichnogenus Brachychirotherium. Many other sites with similar, often more-diverse, Late Triassic ichnofaunas are known from the region.

7

The Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation: Early Jurassic Dryland Lakes on the Colorado Plateau, Southwestern USA

Tanner L., Lucas S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2008

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Vol. 6, no. 1

11-21

EN

The Lower Jurassic Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation in Arizona-Utah, USA, comprises fish- and coprolite-bearing shales, siltstones, sandstones, and minor limestones. These facies were deposited in ephemeral and perennial lakes subject to episodic desiccation and incursions of coarse clastics during floods. Meromictic conditions developed during perennial episodes, probably due to salinity stratification, which enhanced preservation of organic matter in gray to black shales. These lakes formed on the floodout of a north-northwest oriented (relative to modern geography) system of mainly ephemeral streams on a broad and open floodplain. The Whitmore Point Member both overlies and interfingers laterally with alluvial red-bed facies of the Dinosaur Canyon Member of the Moenave Formation. The vertical transition from alluvial to lacustrine sedimentation recorded by the Dinosaur Canyon and Whitmore Point members of the Moenave Formation most probably resulted from a eustatically-controlled rise in base level during the Early Jurassic (Hettangian). The Dinosaur Canyon Member also interfingers laterally with eolian dune deposits of the Wingate Sandstone, which was deposited by winds that reworked coastal plain sediments to the north of the study area. Thus, on this part of the Colorado Plateau, fluvial, lacustrine and eolian sedimentary facies were deposited contemporaneously in laterally adjacent paleoenvironments.

8

Devonian filter-feeding sharks

Ginter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 2

147-153

EN

Upper Frasnian rocks of Utah and Nevada yielded several multicuspid, low-crowned shark teeth. It is proposed that they were used mainly for filtering food from water. Two new chondrichthyan species bearing such teeth were distinguished: a phoebodontid Diademodus utahensis sp. nov., with up to 17 very delicate cusps in the tooth-crown; and a cladodont of uncertain systematic position, Lesnilomia sandbergi gen. et sp. nov., also known from the upper Frasnian of Moravia.