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Certification of Unmanned Aircraft (UA)

Pettke G., Kozyro W., Gałka P., Trzeciak G., Wołejsza P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 1

143--155

PRS (Polish Register of Shipping) is an expert institution acting on the international market, that - by conducting business for the benefit of the community - through the formulation of the requirements, survey and issue of the appropriate documents, assists State Administrations, Underwriters and customers in ensuring the safety of people, floating objects, land undertakings, carried cargo and the natural environment. PRS is a body accredited for certification of management systems, as well as a notified body in the European Commission for conducting product conformity assessment procedures with EU directives and regulations, and certify of personnel and processes. Subject and scope of the Publication The Publication defines requirements and procedures of conformity assessment process of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and the technical possibilities of their use in the maritime economy segment. Purpose of the publication: Defining technical and formal requirements for design, construction and operation of the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), Determining the scope and methodology of conformity assessment process of Unmanned Aircraft (UA), Determining the technical possibilities of using Unmanned Aircraft (UA) in the maritime economy segment. The publication includes the following issues: basic principles and design requirements as well as technical regulations that ensure the design of the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), as a safe product in operation; the scope and methodology of conformity assessment of Unmanned Aircraft (UA); principles and scope of technical supervision over the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), requirements set by PRS in using Unmanned Aircraft (UA) on sea-going ships. The conclusions of the paper: indication of the way to obtain BSP certification, the basis for launching the procedure for developing the NO defence standard for the certification of ships and naval auxiliary units for cooperation with Unmanned Aircraft (UA).

Challenges for integration of remotely piloted aircraft systems into the European sky

Zieliński T., Marud W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

2019

z. 102

217--229

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are widely used in the civil sphere. They offer capabilities predisposed them to be employed by state services in ensuring security and public order, as well as in commercial activities. It should be assumed that the number of RPAS users will grow in geometric progression. It also applies to the European Union, where the market of RPAS is considered to be one of the most prospective in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. This situation generates specific problems that should be solved in order to develop the RPAS’ market without limitations as a part of the European aviation system. The final state should be full integration of RPAS into the European aviation system, to conduct flight operations in non-segregated airspace without additional administrative constraints. Some efforts have been made to achieve this ambitious goal in the European Union. The paper summarises the current status of the legal framework and projects connected with the integration of RPAS into the European airspace. It is mainly based on qualitative analysis of source materials. The purpose of the paper is to identify key problem areas, the solution of which will contribute to the integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system. An analysis of normative documents functioning in the European Union (EU) relating to RPAS has been carried out. In particular, the European Commission (EC) documents and regulations related to RPAS proposed by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) have been taken into account. Three crucial areas have been identified as challenges for the integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system. Firstly, general concepts of integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft into the European airspace including the development of the U-space concept. Secondly, the field of legal regulations, without which the functioning of RPAS as a part of the European aviation system is impossible. In this context, it is justified to continue the implementation of the Roadmap for the integration of civil Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems into the European Aviation System proposed by the EC in 2013. Also relevant are the EASA proposals for categorising RPAS and conducting flight operations based on the risk approach which is a new solution. The discussion may be triggered due to by-pass of all regulatory competencies to EASA, without taking into account the specificity of the national systems. Thirdly, the societal field. Full integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system requires social acceptance for air operations involving RPAS. Despite the undeniable social benefits of RPAS utilisation, in particular in ensuring security and public order, it will be necessary to address issues related to the perception of RPAS by the public, including privacy and data protection, law enforcement associated with the application of RPAS, third-party liability and insurance requirements of RPAS.

Niskokosztowy, bezzałogowy statek powietrzny wyposażony w kamerę niemetryczną jako źródło danych wysokościowych

Targoński M.

Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

2017

Vol. 8, no. 2

97--102

W ramach niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę potencjału pomiarowego kamery niemetrycznej umieszczonej na platformie lotniczej operującej na niskim pułapie. Wykorzystano do tego popularny model zdalnie sterowanego czterowirnikowca. Pozyskane zobrazowania zostały przetworzone do postaci trójwymiarowej chmury punktów, którą skonfrontowano z danymi LiDAR zebranymi w ramach projektu ISOK.

The aim of the study was to assess the potential of nonmetric camera placed at the unmanned aerial vehicle as a source of elevation data. In the study the popular model of remote-controlled quadrocopter was used. The acquired imaging were processed to three-dimensional point cloud, which was next compared with the LiDAR data collected in the project ISOK.