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1

Study on the Modification and Properties of Silk Sericin Protein/Nano-Titanium Dioxide Composite for Textile Applications

Yang Chen, Lin Yanping, Zhang Xiangai, Zhu Chunyan

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 1

68--75

EN

Silk sericin protein is a natural high-molecular-weight compound that contains eighteen types of amino acids. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, with simple preparation methods and low cost. It finds widespread application in functional clothing, medical and pharmaceutical fields, tissue engineering, and more. Nano-titanium dioxide, on the other hand, possesses non-toxic, self-cleaning, antibacterial, and deodorizing properties. To develop multifunctional textiles with deodorization, UV protection, and good thermal and mechanical properties, this study utilized a compounding method to modify citric acid-pretreated cotton fabrics through a two-dipping and two-padding process using a blend finishing solution of silk sericin protein and nano-titanium dioxide. Observations of the microstructure before and after fabric finishing, along with evaluations of deodorization, UV protection, and thermal properties, revealed that controlling the proportion of the silk sericin protein/nano-titanium dioxide blend finishing solution can result in a smooth surface of the modified cotton fabric. This modification not only enhances the fabric’s UV protection and tensile strength but also improves its thermal properties while imparting certain deodorization capabilities. Comprehensive analysis concludes that using silk sericin protein and nano-titanium dioxide for modifying cotton fabric to prepare multifunctional textiles with deodorization, UV protection, and good thermal and mechanical performance is feasibly viable.

2

Ochrona wzroku w miejscu pracy: wymagania i aspekty praktyczne dotyczące okularów przeciwsłonecznych w kontekście zastosowań zawodowych

Szkudlarek Joanna, Owczarek Grzegorz, Okrasa Małgorzata, Dzięgielewski Michał

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2023

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nr 9

19-25

PL

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane ze stosowaniem okularów przeciwsłonecznych podczas wykonywania czynności zawodowych. Przeanalizowano podstawowe funkcje takich okularów oraz parametry charakteryzujące stosowane w nich filtry ochronne, zwłaszcza w zakresie interpretacji widmowej charakterystyki przepuszczania promieniowania optycznego. Przedstawiono wymagania techniczne stawiane takim okularom na podstawie aktualnej normy PN-EN ISO 16321-1:2022-10. Przytoczono argumenty za używaniem okularów przeciwsłonecznych, w których zastosowano filtry zapobiegające zjawisku olśnienia, które w skrajnych przypadkach bywa przyczyną sytuacji niebezpiecznych (kolizji drogowych, upadków z wysokości). Ponadto wyjaśniono różnice między okularami przeciwsłonecznymi do użytku zawodowego i codziennego oraz podano wskazówki dotyczące wyboru okularów przeciwsłonecznych spełniających wszystkie wymagania bezpieczeństwa, a jednocześnie zapewniających wygodę użytkowania. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak odpowiednie okulary przeciwsłoneczne mogą się przyczynić do poprawy komfortu i bezpieczeństwa pracy.

EN

The article discusses issues related to the use of sunglasses during professional activities. The basic functions of such glasses and the parameters characterizing the protective filters used in them were analyzed, especially in terms of the interpretation of the spectral characteristics of light transmission. The technical requirements for such glasses are presented on the basis of the current PN-EN ISO 16321-1:2022-10 standard. Arguments for the use of sunglasses with anti-glare filters have been cited (in extreme cases, sunglare may be the cause of dangerous situation: road collisions, falls from heights). In addition, the article explains the differences between sunglasses for professional use and glasses for everyday use, and gives tips on choosing sunglasses that meet all safety requirements while ensuring comfort of use. The aim of the article is to show how the right sunglasses can contribute to improving the comfort and safety of work.

3

Ochrona narządu wzroku przed szkodliwym działaniem promieniowania UV

Lużyńska M.

Optyka

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2017

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Nr 4

58--62

PL

Celem pracy było ukazanie istotności tematu ochrony wzroku przed promieniowaniem UV. Promieniowanie to ma negatywny wpływ na narząd wzroku, może kumulować się w tkankach w ciągu całego życia i przyczyniać się do wystąpienia schorzeń oczu zwanych oftalmoheliozami. Schorzenia te często prowadzą do zaburzeń widzenia, wpływając na pogorszenie komfortu życia ludzi. Zagrożenie stanowi nie tylko promieniowanie padające bezpośrednio, ale też z boku i odbite od powierzchni. Ze względu na zwiększające się zjawisko dziury ozonowej, ilość ultrafioletu docierającego do powierzchni Ziemi będzie wzrastać. Ochrona narządu wzroku ważna jest cały rok, od urodzenia. Istnieje wiele sposobów ochrony wzroku od odpowiedniej diety po różnego rodzaju produkty optyczne blokujące ultrafiolet w 100%. W realizacji celu pracy pomogło przeprowadzone badanie ankietowe, sprawdzające poziom wiedzy pacjentów / klientów o promieniowaniu UV, jego wpływie na narząd wzroku i schorzeniach przez niego spowodowanych oraz sposobów ochrony przed nim. Większa świadomość pacjentów o zagrożeniach pozwoli uniknąć lub zmniejszyć ryzyko wystąpienia schorzeń oczu oraz świadomie wybierać odpowiednie produkty ochrony wzroku.

EN

The aim of the study was to show the significance of the issue of protecting the eye from UV radiation. The radiation has a negative impact on the organ of vision, it may accumulate in tissues throughout life and cause eye diseases called ophtalmohelioses. These conditions often lead to vision disturbances affecting the quality of people’s life. The danger is caused not only by the direct radiation but also diffuse and reflected radiation. Due to the increasing phenomenon of the ozone hole the amount of ultraviolet reaching the Earth’s surface will increase. Protection of the eye is important all year round, from birth. There are many ways to protect the eye, from a proper diet to various kinds of optical products blocking 100% of UV radiation. In order to achieve the aim of the thesis, a survey, examining the patients’customers’ knowledge on the UV radiation, its impact on the organ of sight and conditions which it causes as well as how to protect from it, has been carried out. Greater patient’s awareness of the danger will help avoid or reduce the risk of eye diseases. It will also help choose appropriate eye protection products wisely.

4

Skin Cancer and UV Protection

Tarbuk A., Grancarić A. M., Šitum M.

Autex Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 1

19--28

EN

The incidence of skin cancer is increasing by epidemic proportions. Basal cell cancer remains the most common skin neoplasm, and simple excision is generally curative. On the other hand, aggressive local growth and metastasis are common features of malignant melanoma, which accounts for 75% of all deaths associated with skin cancer. The primary cause of skin cancer is long exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) crossed with the amount of skin pigmentation and family genetics. It is believed that in childhood and adolescence, 80% of UV-R gets absorbed while in the remaining, 20 % gets absorbed later in the lifetime. This suggests that proper and early photoprotection may reduce the risk of subsequent occurrence of skin cancer. Reducing the exposure time to sunlight, using sunscreens and protective textiles are the three ways of UV protection. Most people think that all the clothing will protect them, but it does not provide full sun screening properties. Literature sources claim that only 1/3 of the spring and summer collections tested give off proper UV protection. This is very important during the summer months, when UV index is the highest. Fabric UV protection ability highly depends on large number of factors such as type of fiber, fabric surface, construction, porosity, density, moisture content, type and concentration of dyestuff, fluorescent whitening agents, UV-B protective agents (UV absorbers), as well as nanoparticles, if applied. For all of these reasons, in the present paper, the results of UV protecting ability according to AS/NZS 4399:1996 will be discussed to show that standard clothing materials are not always adequate to prevent effect of UV-R to the human skin; and to suggest the possibilities for its improvement for this purpose enhancing light conversion and scattering. Additionally, the discrepancy in UV protection was investigated in distilled water as well as Adriatic Sea water.

5

Investigation into the UV-Protection of Woven Fabrics Composed of Metallic Weft Yarns

Ghane M., Ghorbani E.

Autex Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 3

154--159

EN

The destructive effects of sun UV radiation on human skins are now very clear to everyone. Most of the present studies were focused on the fabrics’ structural parameters such as density, warp and weft yarns finenesses, fabric pattern and printing or finishing treatments applied to the fabrics. The aim of this work is achieving a technique through which the produced fabrics possess a higher UV-protection ability. For this purpose, two different metals including aluminium and copper yarns were employed in fabrics production process and their effects on UV-protection ability of the produced fabrics were investigated. Six different fabric samples comprised of either cotton/polyester, nylon yarns as the warp yarns as well as either aluminium or copper yarns as the weft yarns were produced. Using the spectrophotometer technique, which is known as one of the UPF measuring method, the absorbency and reflectivity of fabrics within the specified range of electromagnetic waves (specially the UV radiation) were determined. The results illustrated that the higher UV absorbency was related to the fabric possessing the copper yarns in their structures. It was concluded that the absorption ability of nylon fabrics is higher than that of the cotton/polyester samples.

6

New Approach for Dyeing and UV Protection Properties of Cotton Fabric Using Natural Dye Extracted from Henna Leaves

Omer K. A., Tao Z., Seedahmed A. I.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2015

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Vol. 23, no. 5 (113)

60--65

EN

A new approach for the dyeing and UV protection of cotton fabric using Henna extract was investigated. In this study, 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl, trimethylammonium chloride was used to substitute metallic mordants (heavy-metal salts) in the pre-treatment of cotton fabric. This will eventually prevent heavy metal pollution as well as facilitate dyeing without the addition of salt. Cationised cotton fabrics were dyed with Henna extract at different dyeing temperatures for different dyeing times. Colour strength, fastness properties (washing, rubbing and light), UV-blocking and tensile strength were investigated. Cationised fabric dyed with Henna extract exhibited outstanding enhancement in UV protection with minimal impact on the tensile strength. Enhancement or decrement in UV protection and colour strength was found to be governed by the dyeing temperature and dyeing time.

PL

W prawadzonych badaniach zastosowano chlorek 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylo-trimetylooamonowy dla zastąpienia metalicznych zapraw (soli metali ciężkich) do wstępnej obróbki materiałów bawełnianych. Powinno to zapobiec zanieczyszczeniu ciężkimi metalami, jak również ułatwić barwienie bez dodatku soli. Kationizowane materiały bawełniane były barwione ekstraktem henny przy rożnych temperaturach i czasach barwienia. Badano intensywność koloru, odporność na pranie, tarcie i światło, jak również lokowanie promieniowania UV i właściwości wytrzymałościowe. Kationizowane materiały barwione za pomocą ekstraktu henny wykazywały wybitne zwiększenie barierowości UV przy minimalnym wpływie na wytrzymałość mechaniczną. Na zwiększenie lub spadek właściwości zabezpieczających przed UV i intensywność koloru miały wpływ temperatura i czas barwienia.

7

Perspectives of UV-protection concepts in coatings with nanoscale components

Greisinger H., Koch D., Entenmann M.

Farby i Lakiery

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2015

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nr 4

3--6

EN

Concepts, which are able to slow down photochemical degradation processes, become more and more important for today’s protective coatings. For multilayer coatings on metal constructions, especially for automotive coating systems, it is mostly the primer or the e-coat layer, which shows the most serious photochemical degradation effects with consequences like adhesion problems, peeling and finally corrosion processes of the metal substrate. In the presented study, a combination of inorganic and organic nanoscale components was used in the top coat or clear coat formulations in order to enhance the sustainability of the UV-protection in multilayer coating systems.

8

Light Conversion and Scattering in UV Protective Textiles

Grancarić A.M., Tarbuk A., Botteri L.

Autex Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 4

247--258

EN

The primary cause of skin cancer is believed to be a long exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) crossed with the amount of skin pigmentation in the population. It is believed that in childhood and adolescence 80% of UV-R gets absorbed, whilst in the remaining 20% gets absorbed later in the lifetime. This suggests that proper and early photoprotection may reduce the risk of subsequent occurrence of skin cancer. Textile and clothing are the most suitable interface between environment and human body. It can show UV protection, but in most cases it does not provide full sun screening properties. UV protection ability highly depends on large number of factors such as type of fibre, fabric surface and construction, type and concentration of dyestuff, fluorescent whitening agent (FWA), UV-B protective agents, as well as nanoparticles, if applied. Based on electronically excited state by energy of UV-R (usually 340-370 nm), the molecules of FWAs show the phenomenon of fluorescence giving to white textiles high whiteness of outstanding brightness by reemitting the energy at the blue region (typically 420-470 nm) of the spectrum. By absorbing UV-A radiation, optical brightened fabrics transform this radiation into blue fluorescence, which leads to better UV protection. Natural zeolites are rock-forming, microporous silicate minerals. Applied as nanoparticles to textile surface, it scatters the UV-R resulting in lower UV-A and UV-B transmission. If applied with other UV absorbing agents, e.g. FWAs, synergistic effect occurs. Silicones are inert, synthetic compounds with a variety of forms and uses. It provides a unique soft touch, is very resistant to washing and improves the property of fabric to protect against UV radiation. Therefore, the UV protective properties of cotton fabric achieved by light conversion and scattering was researched in this paper. For that purpose, the stilbene-derived FWAs were applied on cotton fabric in wide concentration range without/with the addition of natural zeolite or silicone- polydimethylsiloxane. UV protection was determined in vitro through ultraviolet protection factor. Additionally, the influence to fabric whiteness and hand was researched.

9

Protection Properties of Woven Fabrics Against High-Intensity UV Radiation Emitted by Artificial Sources

Stempień Z., Dominiak J., Sulerzycka-Bil M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 2 (98)

96--102

EN

In production processes artificial UV sources are frequently used, which can generate UV radiation within the range from 200 nm to 400 nm. The intensity of UV radiation generated by artificial sources and affecting the body may be hundreds of times larger than natural solar UV radiation. Exposure of the human body to this type of radiation leads to dangerous pathophysiological changes. Typical protective clothing against UV radiation is made of woven fabric where different sizes of clearances make it possible to transmit high intensive UV radiation directly on the human body. In order to analyse UV radiation intensity transmitted by different structures of woven fabric, a stepper motor driven scanner with a UV sensor based on a photodiode was constructed. The scanning resolution was about 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm. As an artificial UV source, a high pressure mercury lamp emitting UV radiation within the range from 210 nm to 400 nm was chosen. Among the woven fabrics tested, which were woven using the same yarn type and weft & warp densities, the most effective UV barriers are plain weave fabrics. A slightly lower value of the coefficient is observed for twill weave fabrics. For satin weave fabrics the attenuation coefficient is the lowest. Distribution images of UV radiation intensity transmitted by the woven fabric samples show irregular areas of different sizes, significantly exceeding the size of individual clearances, which was due to the photosensitive element of the photodiode moving away by 2 - 3 mm from the reverse side of the woven fabric, with the phenomena of UV radiation dispersion passing by the woven fabric clearances.

PL

W wielu procesach produkcyjnych stosuje się sztuczne źródła promieniowania UV, które mogą oddziaływać na ciało człowieka i w konsekwencji powodować niebezpieczne zmiany patofizjologiczne. W artykule przedstawiono badania wpływu parametrów struktury tkaniny na jej właściwości barierowe UV w przypadku ekspozycji wysokoenergetycznym źródłem promieniowania UV. Analizowano również rozkład promieniowania przechodzącego przez strukturę tkaniny w celu wykrycia, w miejscach prześwitów, obecności promieniowania UV o bardzo wysokim natężeniu, porównywalnym z natężeniem promieniowania padającego.

10

Dyeing, fastness, and UV protection properties of silk and wool fabrics dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract by the exhaustion process

Mongkholrattanasit R., Krystufek J., Wiener J., Vikova M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 3 (86)

94-99

EN

This research was concerned with dye extraction from the leaves of eucalyptus and with the application of this dye for silk and wool fabric dyeing by the exhaustion process. Optimal results were achieved when dyeing at 90 °C for 40 minutes and at pH 4. Silk and wool fabrics dyed in a solution composed of eucalyptus extract from leaves in combination with a mordant compound showed a shade of yellowish-brown. An exception was when the fabrics were dyed with FeSO4 mordant, resulting in a shade of dark grayish-brown. The colour fastness to light and rubbing after dyeing the silk and wool fabrics treated with the mordant was investigated, the results of which showed fair to good fastness, whereas the colour fastness to washing was at a good to very good level. The results confirmed that natural dyes from eucalyptus leaf extract have potential applications for fabric dyeing and producing ultraviolet (UV) protective silk and wool fabrics.

PL

Badano barwienie jedwabiu i wełny ekstraktem z liści eukaliptusowych. Optymalne wyniki uzyskano barwiąc w temperaturze 90 °C przez 40 minut przy pH 4. Przy zastosowaniu odpowiedniej zaprawy uzyskiwano odcień żółtobrązowy, za wyjątkiem zastosowania zaprawy z FeSO4, kiedy to uzyskano ciemny odcień szarobrązowy. Badano trwałość barwnika i stwierdzono średnią lub dobrą trwałość, odporność na pranie natomiast była dobra lub bardzo dobra. W efekcie stwierdzono potencjalną przydatność praktyczną badanego barwnika.

11

Nanolignina jako czynnik antybakteryjny oraz blokujący promieniowanie ultrafioletowe w wyrobach włókienniczych

Kozłowski R., Zimniewska M., Batog J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2008

|

T. 87, nr 12

1178-1180

12

Czy ubranie skutecznie chroni przed nadmiernym promieniowaniem UV

Lewartowska J.

Nowa Elektrotechnika

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2006

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nr 9 (25)

8--11

13

Selected applications of nanotechnology in textiles

Wong Y. W. H., Yuen C. W. M., Leung M. Y. S., Ku S. K. A., Lam H. L. I.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 1

1--8

EN

The use of nanotechnology in the textile industry has increased rapidly due to its unique and valuable properties. The present status of nanotechnology use in textiles is reviewed, with an emphasis on improving various properties of textiles.