In the present paper we introduce the notion of strongly orthogonal martingales. Moreover, we show that for any UMD Banach space X and for any X-valued strongly orthogonal martingales M and N such that N is weakly differentially subordinate to M, one has, for all 1 < p < 1, [formula] with the sharp constant χp;X being the norm of a decoupling-type martingale transform and lying in the range, [formula], where βp;X is the UMDp constant of X, hp;X is the norm of the Hilbert transform on Lp(R; X), [formula] are the Gaussian decoupling constants.
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In the context of spaces of homogeneous type, we develop a method to deterministically construct dyadic grids, specifically adapted to a given combinatorial situation. This method is used to estimate vector-valued operators rearranging martingale difference sequences such as the Haar system.
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We obtain a representation as martingale transform operators for the rearrangement and shift operators introduced by T. Figiel. The martingale transforms and the underlying sigma algebras are obtained explicitly by combinatorial means. The known norm estimates for those operators are a direct consequence of our representation.
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