Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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The era of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is coming

Krawczyk Jacek

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2020

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R. 5, Nr 9

92--102

EN

The use of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) is constantly increasing due to their technical, operational and economic potential. They are used for recreational and commercial purposes by individuals, companies, organizations and government institutions. Despite the systematic implementation of appropriate safety procedures in air traffic management systems, aviation procedures and safety management systems, it is impossible to completely prevent air accidents. Within 6 months, two air crashes have been reported that involved BEAING 767 Max 8 aircraft. This gives rise to the question whether air accidents involving manned aircraft will become a catalyst for even faster development of UAVs and their greater importance. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the potential for the use of UAVs and the measures that should be taken in order to make unmanned aviation competitive against manned aviation. Method: The scientific methods used in the paper include the review and criticism of the literature on the subject, as well as logical analysis and construction. Article type - Review article. Results: The article presents the measures to be implemented in order for unmanned aviation to become competitive against manned aviation and complement other types of transportation services. When introducing new regulations and procedures, the priority should be to ensure the safety of the airspace and other spaces where operations with the use of UAVs will be performed. Conclusions: In order to ensure safety, it is important to equip UAVs with anti-collision devices and airspace detectors informing about any approaching aircraft and obstacles on the actual and potential path, as well as with cameras enabling observation of the airspace around UAVs.

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Challenges related to unmanned aerial vehicles

Tomaszycki Marek, Krawczyk Jacek

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2020

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R. 5, Nr 9

103--115

EN

The Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EC) No. 2018/1139 (known as NBR - New Basic Regulation) on common rules in the field of civil aviation was introduced in order to regulate the issue of UAVs - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, in all weight categories. It represents a new regulatory approach, which is of major importance in the field of European aviation legislation. Until the new regulation came into force, UAVs with a maximum take-off weight (MTOM) below 150 kg were subject to the regulations of authorities of individual EU Member States. The NBR introduced by implementing acts in the field of UAV forces the national aviation authorities of states to change the regulations currently in force. The most important issues that need to be standardised include the requirement to enter UAVs with the MTOW equal to or lower than 25 kg in the aircraft register, granting the BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) fight approval and the UAVO (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator) certification process. In the author's opinion, what may be difficult and dangerous for safety in the airspace is the transitional period. During that time, manufacturers, airspace users and ATS (Air Traffic Service) will have to perform their tasks keeping in mind that it is a period when the new legal regulations currently prepared for entry into force will affect the entire sector related to unmanned aviation, which will also have an impact on manned aviation. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss the basic challenges posed by the currently developed technology of unmanned aerial vehicles. Method: The scientific methods used in the paper include analysis, criticism of the literature on the subject and logical construction. Results: The article shows the differences between the existing regulations and those proposed by the European Commission and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency). In addition, it presents the process of granting the approval to perform air operations by manned aircraft.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles : application, legal regulations and challenges

Krawczyk Jacek, Tomaszycki Marek

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2019

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R. 4, Nr 7-8

1--14

EN

The advantages of unmanned systems, such as cheaper operation, greater safety, better performance in flight duration or their minimal impact on the natural environment, result in a systematic increase in their significance and development, compared to manned aircraft. Even today the UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and UASs (Unmanned Aerial Systems) play a significant role both in civil, and in military environments, and they are expected to play a growing role in the world air transport and numerous other fields of human activity. At the end of 2018, the European Commission introduced the NBR (New Basic Regulations), regulating issues related to UAVs at a supranational level. This was a significant step towards the integration of manned and unmanned aviation, enabling international UAV flights, subjected to the same regulations of the member states on route of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. When introduction of UAVs to the common airspace is considered, the particularly relevant elements include: maintaining the seamless air traffic control, safety, capacity and efficiency of airspace management, and securing environmental protection. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate the potential UAV applications, present changes in legal regulations, and the challenges faced by the Air Traffic Services and the elements of aviation command. The article presents solutions ensuring an adequate level of safety and smoothness of air traffic in the common airspace for operations carried out by both manned and unmanned aircraft. The article used the following methods: monographic, expert, participant observation, inductive and deductive, analysis, synthesis and comparison. Research sources were available literature and magazines, press articles, interviews, reports and authors' own experience as well as documents sourced from websites, most of which were written in English.