Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Evaluation of Evapotranspiration and Performance of Emerging Plants: Case of Cyperus papyrus and Typha latifolia

Benrahmane Loubna, Mouhir Latifa, Laaouan Mohamed, El Hafidi Mustapha, Saafadi Laila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 11

257--267

EN

The treatment of wastewater in small rural settlements requires special attention in the choice of the purification technique to be used, insofar as experience has shown that the technologies initially developed for the urban environment do not prove to be as effective for the rural environment. The current trend tends towards autonomous systems. Among these systems are Floating treatment wetlands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evapotranspiration and the performances of two emerging plants; Cyperus papyrus and Typha latifolia. The experimental device was composed of three test tanks whose dimensions were: length = 1 m, width = 1 m and water height = 0.85 m – two tanks with emerging plants (Cyperus papyrus and Typha latifolia) and a control tank without vegetation. The monitoring of the evolution of plant evapotranspiration and the evaporation of the control tank for different periods and temperatures showed that the volumes of water lost were respectively for Cyperus papyrus, Typha latifolia and control tank: (1) 130 liters, 230 liters and 5 liters for two days at an average temperature of 26.3 °C; (2) 125 liters, 150 liters and 0 liters for two days at an average temperature of 26.7 °C; (3) 240 liters, 280 liters and 5 liters for three days at an average temperature of 27.3 °C; (4) 140 liters, 260 liters and 10 liters for two days at an average temperature of 26 °C; (5) 140 liters, 240 liters and 5 liters for two days at an average temperature of 27.3 °C; (6) 260 liters, 550 liters and 10 liters for four days at an average temperature of 28.6 °C. It turned out that the presence of plants as well as the temperature and the retention time in the tanks have a impact on the loss of water and more precisely those with emerging macrophytes. The present study has shown that the floating treatment wetlands planted with Cyperus papyrus and Typha latifolia can be used for wastewater treatment. Indeed, the removal efficiency in terms of COD, BOD5 and SS were respectively: 76%, 75.3% and 95.90% for Cyperus papyrus and 70.45%, 66.5% and 93.70% for Typha latifolia.

2

Treatment of simulated oil and gas production wastewater using Typha latifolia in a pilot-scale constructed Welland

Alalade O., Ferguson J., Pichtel J.

Environmental Biotechnology

|

2017

|

Vol. 13, No. 1

1--10

EN

During hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’), large volumes of highpressure, chemically-treated water are pumped into subsurface strata to free trapped petroleum and natural gas. Chemicallyenriched water, along with brine and groundwater, collectively termed oil and gas production water (PW), are eventually recovered from the well. PW poses environmental and health risks; however, it can be reused if potentially hazardous constituents are removed. A two-stage pilot-scale constructed wetland containing cattail (Typha latifolia) was tested for treatment of synthetic PW. After 49 days, PW pH increased from 4.2 to 7.0, and electrical conductivity decreased from 22,100 to 3,300µS•cm-1. Typha shoots had bioconcentration factors for Pb ranging from 2.8 (Stage 1 of constructed wetland) to 8.0 (Stage 2). Transfer factors for Pb were 0.67 (Stage 1) and 1.37 (Stage 2). These results indicate that Typha may be effective for Pb removal from PWs. The present study may be of practical value to oil and gas production companies that plan to recycle or properly dispose of large quantities of oil and gas production wastewater.

3

The Ability of Leaves and Rhizomes of Aquatic Plants to Accumulate Macro- and Micronutrients

Parzych A. E., Cymer M., Jonczak J., Szymczyk S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 16, nr 3

198--205

EN

The samples of macrophytes and bottom sediments originated from the littoral zone of the Słupia River were collected in summer 2013. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of the accumulation of leaves and rhizomes of Glyceria maxima, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea for macro- and micronutrients. The largest quantities of macroelements were found in the leaves of the examined species, and microelements dominated the rhizomes of most examined macrophytes except for Mn in P.australis and T.latifolia. The obtained results show that N and K dominated in the leaves of P.arundinacea, P and Mg in the leaves of P.australis, and Ca in the leaves of G.maxima. The largest quantities of N, P and K were cumulated in the rhizomes of P.arundinacea, while Mg and Ca in the rhizome of T.latifolia. The leaves of aquatic plants accumulated from 1354.9 mmolc·kg-1 (T.latifolia) to 1844.0 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea), and rhizomes from 985.8 mmolc·kg-1 (G.maxima) to 1335.2 mmolc·kg-1 (P.arundinacea) of all the analyzed components. In these species of macrophytes lower accumulated value of the sum of macro- and microelements were found in the rhizomes. The share of nitrogen was 42.4–59.8% of this amount, phosphorus 4.3–8.6%, potassium 22.8–35.1%, calcium from 2,6% to 12.4%, magnesium 3.0–7.5%, and heavy metals were from 0.6% (G.maxima) to 1.2% (T.latifolia) in leaves and from 2.2% (T.latifolia) to 8.7% (G.maxima) in rhizomes.

4

Some heavy metals accumulation and distribution in typha latifolia L from Lake Wielkie in Poland [commun.]

Klink A., Krawczyk J., Letachowicz B., Wisłocka M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2009

|

Vol. 35, no. 3

135-139

EN

The contents of Cd, Pb. Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni and Fe in different organs of Typha latifolia L., coming from six sites selected within Jezioro Wielkie (Leszczyńskie Lakeland in western Poland), were determined. Three groups of metals, each with a different accumulation pattern within the plant were distinguished in this study. Pb, Zn and Cu were found to be the least mobile and shown the following accumulation scheme: roots > rhizomes > lower leave part > top leave part. By contrast, Mn, a metal which is both easily transported in plants and accumulated in green plant organs, exhibited the following accumulation scheme: roots> top leave part > lower leave part > rhizomes. Ni, Cd and Fe were accumulated by the cattail as follows: roots > rhizomes > top leaf part > lower leaf part. The fact that Typha latifolia L. had the highest proportion of all the metals studied in its roots can suggest that some kind of protection barrier exists which prevents toxic compounds permeating from that part of this plant to its rhizomes and its aerial parts. The confirmation of this thesis requires some further research.

PL

Oznaczono zawartość Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni i Fe w różnych organach Typha latifolia L., zebranych w lipcu z sześciu stanowisk Jeziora Wielkiego (Pojezierze Leszczyńskie w zachodniej Polsce). Wyznaczono trzy grupy metali w zależności od miejsca ich akumulacji. Pierwszą grupę stanowią pierwiastki mało mobilne w roślinie: Pb, Zn i Cu, które reprezentują następujący schemat kumulacji: korzenie > kłącza > dolna część liścia > górna część liścia. Do drugiej grupy metali należy Mn, który jest pierwiastkiem łatwo transportowanym i jest aku-mulowany głównie w zielonych częściach roślin: korzenie > górna część liścia > dolna część liścia > kłącza. Z kolei Ni, Cd i Fe akumulowane są zgodnie ze schematem: korzenie > kłącza > górna część liścia > dolna część liścia. Akumulacja najwyższych zawartości wszystkich badanych metali ciężkich w korzeniach badanych roślin może sugerować istnienie u pałki szerokolistnej barier ochronnych zapobiegających wnikaniu związków toksycznych do kłączy i części nadziemnych tej rośliny. Stwierdzenie tego wymaga jednak dalszych badań.