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Selection of Mesocosm to Remove Nutrients with Constructed Wetlands

Timotewos M. T., Kassa K., Reddythota D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

42--51

EN

Oxidizing bacteria in the roots of the plant has a unique ability of absorbing pollutants in the wastewater, thus they considered as a useful method for wastewater treatment. Using three plants, namely Typha, Phragmites australis, and Scirpus, we performed a series of mesocosms experiments in Arba Minch, Ethiopia for the removal of nutrients by constructed wetlands. We observed that the nutrients reached the removal efficiencies of 99.1% for Typha plant, has better removal efficiency than Phragmites australis and Scirpus. The results explore the oxidizing bacteria activity in different plants and that led to enhance the removal efficiency of pollutants in wastewater.

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Grzyby pasożytnicze występujące na roślinności szuwarowej eutroficznego Jeziora Wasosze

Czerniawska B., Adamska I., Dzięgielewska M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 2

329--333

PL

W jeziorach eutroficznych roślinność jest uboga gatunkowo i jednostajna. Głównie występują: trzcina pospolita, oczeret jeziorny, pałka wąskolistna i szerokolistna. W miejscach bardziej wypłyconych oczerety ustępują roślinności turzycowej (turzyce wysokie): turzyca błotna, zaostrzona, dzióbkowata, pęcherzykowata, a przy brzegu jeziora graniczą z nimi zarośla wierzbowe i lasy olszowe. Wiedza o grzybach pasożytujących na roślinach szuwarowych zarówno Polski, jak i świata jest stosunkowo uboga. Celem badań było określenie gatunków grzybów patogennych występujących na roślinach szuwarowych eutroficznego jeziora Wąsosze położonego na Pojezierzu Drawskim. Materiałem badawczym były części nadziemne roślin z rodzajów Carex, Juncus, Phragmites i Typha z objawami zasiedlenia przez grzyby pasożytnicze. W trakcie badań zidentyfikowano 24 gatunki grzybów zasiedlających 13 gatunków roślin. Wśród rozpoznanych taksonów najwięcej gatunków (11) należało do workowców. Były to: Claviceps microcephala (Wallr.) Tul., Leptosphaeria caricina J. Schröt, L. culmifraga Sacc., Metasphaeria cumana (Sacc. & Speg.) Sacc., Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Phaeosphaeria caricis (J. Schröt) Leuchtm., P. culmorum (Auersw. ex Rehm), P. eustoma (Fuckel) L. Holm, P. juncina (Auersw.) L. Holm, P. typharum (Desm.) L. Holm, Phyllachora junci (Alb. & Schwein.) Fuckel. Grzyby anamorficzne reprezentowane były przez 8 gatunków: Mascostroma innumerosum (Desm.) Höhn., Septoria caricis Pass., Septoriella junci (Desm.) B. Sutton, Stagonospora caricis (Oudem.) Sacc., S. elegans (Berk.) Sacc. & Traverso, S. junciseda Sacc., S. paludosa (Sacc. & Speg.) Sacc. i Phyllosticta caricis (Fuckel) Sacc. Podstawczaki były reprezentowane tylko przez 5 gatunków. Dominowały rdzawnikowce: Puccinia caricina DC. var. caricina i P. dioicae Magnus var. dioicae, P. magnusiana Körn. Głowniowce reprezentowały 2 gatunki: Tolyposporium junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin i Ustilago grandis Fr. Grzyby patogenne mogą przyczyniać się do wymierania roślinności szuwarowej, której głównym składnikiem jest trzcina pospolita. Roślina ta ze względu na silnie rozbudowany i głęboki system korzeniowy przez wielu naukowców uważana jest za komponent glebowej oczyszczalni ścieków.

EN

In eutrophic lakes, vegetation is very poor and monotonous. It mainly comprises common reed, lake bulrush, narrow-leaved, and broad-leaved bludgeon. In more shallow places, bulrushes cede are replaced with sedgic vegetation (high sedges): muddy sedge, pointed, beak, blister, and near the lake banks willow thicket and alder woods border with them. The knowledge of fungi parasitizing on thickle plants of both Poland and other regions of the world is relatively poor. The aim of the study was to determine the species of pathogenic fungi occurring on thickle plants of the eutrophic lake Wasosze situated on Pojezierze Drawskie. Overground parts of plants of the genera Carex, Juncus, Phragmites and Typha with symptoms of infection by parasitic fungi were the study material. 24 species of pathogenic fungi affecting 13 plant species were identified during the research. Most taxa (11) belonged to Ascomycota. These were: Claviceps microcephala, Leptosphaeria caricina, L. culmifraga, Metasphaeria cumana, Paraphaeosphaeria michoti, Phaeosphaeria caricis, P. culmorum, P. eustoma, P. juncina, P. typharum, Phyllachora junci. Anamorphic fungi were represented by 8 species: Mascostroma innumerosum, Septoria caricis, Septoriella junci, Stagonospora caricis, S. elegans, S. junciseda., S. paludosa and Phyllosticta caricis. Basidiomycete were represented only by 5 species. The pathogens dominating were rust fungi: Puccinia caricina. var. caricina and P. dioicae var. dioicae, P. magnusiana. Ustilaginales were represented by 2 species: Tolyposporium junci and Ustilago grandis. Pathogenic fungi can contribute to the dying out of the thickle vegetation in which common reed is the main component. According to many scientists, this plant is a component of a soil sewage treatment, mainly because of its extensive and deep root system.

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Relationship between plankton assemblages and habitat characteristics of stands of Typha angustifolia and Chara hispida in Lake Wielkowiejskie

Celewicz-Gołdyn S., Klimko M., Kuczyńska-Kippen N., Nagengast B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.1

127-135

EN

The results of investigations performed in Lake Wielkowiejskie showed the influence of macrophyte architecture, understood as plant density, on the structure of plankton communities as well as the habitat preferences of particular species in both seasonal and spatial aspects.

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Periphytic algal communities : a comparison of Typha angustifolia L. and Chara tomentosa L. beds in three shallow lakes (West Poland)

Messyasz Beata, Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

15-27

EN

The examination of the composition and dynamics of periphytic communities took place in three lakes of similar morphometry . Lake Wielkowiejskie, Budzyńskie and Dębiniec, situated in the Wielkopolska region, (Western Poland). These lakes are typical macrophyte-dominated, shallow and polymictic water bodies. Periphyton was collected from two macrophyte-covered stations, including the rush vegetation station (Typha angustifolia L.) and the stonewort stand (Chara tomentosa L.) in each examined lake. The material was sampled three times in 2003, including the spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (September) seasons, from the same parts of the lakes.The aim of the study was to find out whether there is an influence of particular macrophyte species, differing spatially and morphologically and representing two different ecological types of aquatic vegetation, on the development of particular periphytic species. There was also an attempt at answering the question of what is more important in the structuring of the periphytic communities - the specific architecture of the macrophyte substratum or the physical-chemical features of a particular lake? The concentrations of chlorophyll a, TN, TP and TOC in water were higher in the Chara beds compared with theTypha stations in most cases. The Shannon-Weaver biodiversity index of periphytic algae revealed very high values in all lakes and amounted in the Typha and Chara stands to the mean values 4.68 and 3.87 respectively in Wielkowiejskie Lake, 3.32 and 4.39 in Budzyńskie Lake and 3.08 and 3.91 in Dębiniec Lake. Furthermore, the standardized index of evenness exhibited the greatest differentiation in the Typha station with the highest (0.76) in Wielkowiejskie and the lowest (0.52) in Dębiniec Lake The analysis of the growth-forms of periphytic communities showed slightly higher diversity of slowly moving and stalked diatoms in most cases at the Chara stations of all studied lakes. The similarity between periphytic communities in the Typha and Chara stands of the examined lakes, compared using the Ward method and Euclidean distance measure, revealed a stronger relationship within a particular habitat but not a lake. The clearest pattern of similarity grouping a particular habitat was obtained for the summer period, when macrophytes reached their optimum. The Jaccard similarity index confirmed the differentiation of both examined habitats, reaching the mean value of 0.34. Based on the biomass of single periphytic species, habitat selectivity for seven species was found. Significantly higher biomass was obtained in the case of the rush zone for only one algae species - Eunotia lunaris (Ehr.) Grun. In the Chara bed six species revealed significantly higher biomasses - Cosmarium regnelli Wille, Oocystis marssonii Lemm., Ulotrix zonata (Weber et Moor) Kutz., Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerh.) Chod., Merismopedia elegans A. Braun and Phacus orbicularis Hubner. The habitat preference of periphytic communities to different macrophyte species may be due to the environmental factors, including the specific architecture of a particular macrophyte substrate such as density or texture of the plant surface. Furthermore, seasonality, as well as physical-chemical parameters may structure periphytic communities within the littoral zone of lakes.

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Zooplankton structure in architecturally differentiated macrophyte habitats of shallow lakes in the Wielkopolska Region, Poland

Kuczyńska-Kippen N.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.2

179-191

EN

The aim of this examination was to study the impact of the physical parameters, understood as spatial and morphological features, of two macrophyte habitats created by Chara tomentosa and Typha angustifolia on the Rotifera and Crustacea communities of three shallow lakes with extensive macrophyte cover. There were 161 zooplankton species in total identified from three lakes, with over 60% of species common among all lakes. Species richness varied between the sampling stations, with lowest values within the open water zone and highest among macrophyte stands. Significant differences in zooplankton densities between particular stations for all groups of zooplankton were observed, with the highest values within the most diverse and complex habitat – the Chara bed. Furthermore, the distribution of pelagic species between particular stations differed significantly in the case of copepods, with the highest abundance also in the stonewort beds.