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2 TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2 Popek M.

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Sea transportation of coal liable to liquefaction

Popek M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2019

Vol. 13. no. 4

803--807

The marine industry is a vital link in the international trade, with vessels representing the most efficient, and often the only method of transporting large volumes of raw materials. Coal is a major cargo with hundreds of millions of tons being shipped every year for power consumption and industrial uses. The vast majority of coal traded is delivered by sea. The IMSBC Code specifies requirements related to the safe stowage and shipment of coal that may give rise to relevant on-board risks, for example structural damage due to improper coal distribution, chemical reaction leading to spontaneous combustion, emission of explosive gases and liquefaction. As coal is liable to liquefaction, several precautions should be taken before accepting the cargo for shipment and procedures for safe loading and carriage should be respected. According to the analysis of the data, the proportion of fines in the cargoes shipped worldwide has been accepted as an appropriate criterion to identify the potential of a coal cargo for liquefaction. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of coal properties on the ability to liquefy. The relation between the degree of fragmentation and the value of the TML was analyzed. In addition, the possibility of using different method for determination of the TML was discussed.

The Influence of Organic Polymer on Parameters Determining Ability to Liquefaction of Mineral Concentrates

Popek M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2010

Vol. 4, no. 4

435--440

When the wet granular materials lose their shear strength they flow like fluids. This phenome-non is called liquefaction. The liquefaction can be prevented by means of limiting the moisture content of cargo by introducing the safety margin. Cargoes, which may liquefy shall only be accepted for loading when the actual moisture content of the cargo is less than its Transportable Moisture Limit (TML). It has been recognized that in some cargoes, moisture can gravity drain towards the bottom of the hold. The resulting much wetter bottom layer may therefore be prone to liquefaction and provoke instability of the entire cargo. To prevent sliding and shifting of ore concentrates in storage a biodegradable materials are added to the ore. The polymer materials absorb water from the ore particle’s pores and the moisture content goes down. In consequence polymer materials may prevent drainage of the water from the ore particle’s pore.