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1 2025

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Sea level along the Polish coast (southern Baltic Sea): Comparison of satellite altimetry and tide gauge observations (1995–2019)

Bulczak Anna Izabela, Kowalska Beata, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia

Oceanologia

2025

No. 67 (2)

Art. no.67202, 15 pp.

This study examines sea level observations along the Polish coast from 1995 to 2019, combining in situ measurements from tide gauge stations with radar satellite altimetry data. The research is driven by developing new satellite products under the Baltic + SEAL project, specifically tailored for the Baltic Sea. These innovative products utilise advanced algorithms for sea level estimation, enhanced radar waveform processing, and high-resolution sea level data collected in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode by multiple satellites during the analysed period. The study’s primary aim is to validate and assess the performance of the Baltic + SEAL product against the standard sea level data provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and observations from nine tide gauges distributed along the Polish coast. The evaluation focuses on long-term trends, seasonal variations, and statistical metrics across various time scales, from daily to decadal. The results underscore both the strengths and limitations of the Baltic + SEAL product in capturing spatial and temporal variations in sea levels. This study contributes valuable insights into sea level change dynamics along the Polish coast, providing essential information for coastal monitoring, management, and future research in the Baltic Sea region.