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Hg contents and environmental characteristics of soils and Taraxacum officinale plants of the SW part of Lublin

Huber M., Skupiński S., Iakovleva O.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

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2018

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Vol. 21

38--41

EN

This article compares the results of the study of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf and soil samples collected in the SW part of Lublin. Common dandelion is a plant that begins to release fresh shoots relatively early. It is also spread enough that it can be found in many places, not only in Lublin, but also in other cities, from around the polar regions to the Mediterranean. The purpose of this work was to show the degree of contamination of the plant surface and Hg content in soil samples. The analysis were performed in spring after the snow cover ceased. The presence of dust containing small amounts of NaCl, iron oxides, hydroxides, titanium, and relatively low Hg contents was revieled.

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Content of Assimilation Dyes and Water Balance in Common Dandelion Found Nearly Chemical Works “Police”

Malinowska K., Marska B., Stepaniuk S.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 8

1093-1100

EN

The aim of the present studies was to assess air pollution around Chemical Works “Police” by means of selected physiological parameters (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and water balance) of common dandelion. Accumulation of sulfur in leaves of common dandelion was clearly larger at the distance of up to 0.7 km from the emitter than its content in control plants. On the basis of the coefficient of correlation, it was observed that the amount of sulfur in leaves had a significant effect on the content of assimilation dyes in common dandelion. Concentration of chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids in the assimilation apparatus and the value of the relative water content index of the plants gathered in the area of the Chemical Works “Police” was respectively lower by 31 %, 23 % and 14 % in comparison with these parameters in control leaves.

PL

Celem badań była ocena zanieczyszczenia powietrza wokół Zakładów Chemicznych "Police" za pomocą wybranych parametrów fizjologicznych (chlorofilu a, b, całkowitego, karotenoidów, bilansu wodnego) mniszka pospolitego. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że akumulacja siarki w liściach badanego gatunku była wyraźnie większa w odległości do 0,7 km od emitora od jej zawartości w roślinach kontrolnych. Na podstawie współczynnika korelacji stwierdzono, że ilość siarki w liściach miała istotny wpływ na zawartość barwników asymilacyjnych u mniszka pospolitego. Koncentracja chlorofilu a+b i karotenoidów w aparacie asymilacyjnym oraz wartość wskaźnika względnej zawartości wody rośliny zebranej w obrębie ZCh "Police" była odpowiednio niższa o 31 %, 23 % i 14 % w porównaniu do tych parametrów w liściach kontrolnych.

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Effect of patchy distribution of soil nutrients on root morphology and biomass allocation of selected grassland species: experimental approach

Zaller J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

731-746

EN

Nutrient distribution in natural habitats is usually patch in space and time, however most knowledge about plant growth and behaviour is based on experiments conducted under spatially homogenous conditions. Evidence has accumulated that the growth and competitive interaction of plant species are strongly affected by heterogeneous resource distribution, even when the total resource supply remains similar. For this study it is hypothesized that infestations of grasslands with the nitrophilous weed Rumex obtusifolius L. (broadleaved dock) are partially the consequence of its ability to exploit spatial nutrient heterogeneity. This was tested in a full-factorial pot experiment with homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed nitrogen and/or potassium at either normal or increased soil moisture where R. obtusifolius was grown together with three other grassland species (grass: Arrhenatherum elatius L., non-leguminous herb: Taraxacum officinale Weber, leguminous herb: Trifolium repens L.). The species differed significantly in their root morphology (root length and diameter, specific root length, number of root tips) and biomass allocation response to nutrient distribution, as well as to the nutrient type used to create patches and to soil moisture (e.g., significant species x treatment interactions). Generally, the root system of A. elatius showed the highest plasticity to imposed treatments, followed by T. officinale, R. obtusifolius and T. repens. Unexpectedly, root morphology of R. obtusifolius was unresponsive to soil heterogeneity and less responsive to nutrient type and irrigation than that of the other species. Nutrient type used to create patches influenced the biomass allocation to the root system of R. obtusifolius while nutrient distribution and irrigation showed no effect on biomass allocation. Exploitation of soil nitrate-nitrogen and potassium was similar among species but exploitation was individually affected by nutrient type, nutrient distribution and irrigation suggesting that species-specific differences in nutrient storage capacities in roots or adjustments regarding root nutrient uptake kinetics may play an important role. Results from this study show that R. obtusifolius does not seem to have superior traits to utilize soil nutrient heterogeneity, certain nutrient types or higher soil moisture that differentiates it from the other grassland species tested. The observed effects might have consequences for the long-term competitive relationships between species in the grassland community suggesting that cultural and biological management measures oriented towards the improvement of the competitive ability of co-occurring grassland species might also be important in heterogeneous soils.

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Comparison of nitrate concentrations in great plantain and common dandelion leaves growing in municipal conditions

Stolarska A., Przybulewska K., Wróbel J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 6

583-589

EN

Leaves of great plantain (Plantago maior ) and of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) are valuable herbal ram materials, thereforo they should be characterized by low nitrate concentrations. However, they are obtained from natural sources and, as synantropic plants, they occur near roads and works emitting nitrogen oxides. Due to great adaptation abilities, they do not show the symptoms of nitrate intoxication. The research is aimed at evaluating possibly the best date and habitat conditions, under which plants of both species would be characterized by the lowest nitrate levels. The study was carried out in 2000-2002 within Szczecin city boundaries at seven points with various nitrate-pollution levels continuously monitored. The study revealed that common dandelion accumulated over twice as many nitrates as great plantain. The nitrate accumulation in both species was positively correlated with gas exchange processes (carbon dioxide assimilation and water transpiration). It indicated the fact that nitrate intake was reduced by outer factors such as light and temperature occurring at physiological minimum. Besides suit factors such as pH and climatic ones, the individual traits of a species largely determined the ability to intake and accumulate the nitrates.

PL

Liście babki zwyczajnej (Plantag maior) oraz mniszka lekarskiego (Taraxacum officinale) są cennymi surowcami zielarskimi, a zatem powinny charakteryzować się małymi stężeniami azotanów. Pozyskiwane są jednak ze źródeł naturalnych, a jako rośliny synantropijne występują na obrzeżach dróg oraz zakładów emitujących tlenki azotu. Ze względu na duże właściwości adaptacyjne, nie wykazują objawów skażenia azotanami. Praca ma na celu ustalenie możliwie najkorzystniejszych warunków terminowych oraz stanowiskowych, w których rośliny obu gatunków będą charakteryzowały się najniższym poziomem azotanów. W tym celu przeprowadzono doświadczenie na terenie Szczecinie w siedmiu punktach, na stałe monitorowanych przez PIOŚ o różnym stopniu skażenia siedliska azotanami. Stwierdzono, że mniszek lekarski kumuluje ponad dwukrotnie większe ilości azotanów aniżeli babka zwyczajna. Kumulacja azotanów w obu gatunkach jest dodatnio skorelowana z procesami wymiany gazowej: asymilacją CO2 i transpiracją H20. Wskazuje to na fakt, że pobieranie azotanów ograniczane jest przez czynniki zewnętrzne: światło i temperaturę, występujące w minimum fizjologicznym. Na zdolność pobierania i kumulowania azotanów poza czynnikami glebowymi takim jak. pH, oraz klimatycznymi ogromny wpływ mają cechy osobnicze gatunku.