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Impact of dissolved oxygen on hospital wastewater quality treated by SBBR in Basrah city, Iraq

Al-Rekabi Wisam S., Al-Khafaji Samar A., Janna Hussein

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 1

14--25

EN

The hospitals close to the residences can make problems for the environment as a consequence of sewage drained into the water stream. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) offers advantages for treating sewage; such as simple operation, flexible process, and cost-effective. The laboratory bench-scale experiments were carried out treating hospital wastewater (HWW) of one of Basrah hospital city by a fabricated SBBR reactor of 26 l working volume. The hospital wastewater has the following characteristics (average values): pH 7.3, BOD equal to 280 mg·l–1, COD equal to 550 mg·l–1, total phosphorus (TP) equal to 6.4 mg·l–1, ammonia (NH3-N) equal to 44 mg·l–1 and total suspended solid (TSS) equal to 272 mg·l–1. This research aims to estimate the performance of the SBBR system for treating hospital wastewater to enhance different effluent parameters such as COD, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia, and total phosphorous (TP) with various dissolved oxygen (DO) with range of 2.15–6.55 mg·l–1, the best DO values give these removal efficiencies for COD equal to 84.55%, NH3-N equal to 65.91% and TN between 78 and 18% for DO equal to 3.67 mg·l–1, while TP removal efficiency was 79.70% for DO equal to 6.55 mg·l–1. By comparison of the SBBR effluent with international standards for effluent sewage, it noticed COD concentration 85 mg·l–1, TN 12 mg·l–1 and TP 1.3 mg·l–1 met all standards (European, WHO, and China), while NH3-N 15 mg·l–1 was outside WHO and European standards, while satisfies only Chinese standard.

2

Effectiveness of Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Technology to Treat Domestic Wastewater in Basrah City

Al-Rekabi Wisam S., Al-Khafaji Samar A., Hassan Ayman H., Janna Hussein

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

234--242

EN

The efficiency of a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) for domestic wastewater treatment in Basrah was assessed. The experiments were carried out via a laboratory-scale SBBR cylindrical vessel used for this study, with geometric volume of 26 L, having an internal diameter of 15 cm, a height of 40 cm, and a working volume of 13 L. After a one-month start-up cycle for biofilm growth on the fibrous filler, the SBBR research test period lasted two months. The SBBR was run for three weeks to ensure that the biological treatment systems were mature and those steady-state requirements were reached, throughout the starting-up phase of operation, the removal efficiency for COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP were 95%, 89%, 85%, and 93% respectively. The impact of aeration time on the SBBR efficiency was also tested by removal of COD, ammonia, total nitrogen TN, and total phosphorous TP under different levels of dissolved oxygen DO (2.0 – 6.8) mg\L. The SBBR method proved to be an effective method for treating domestic wastewater in Basrah city. The COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP concentrations in the effluent were 42, 6.7, 9.0, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, with the removal efficiency rates of 90.32 %, 86.24 %, 84.75 %, and 84.38 %. When comparing the SBBR effluent value to the WHO, European, Iraqi, and Chinese discharge standards, it was observed that the COD concentration (42 mg/L) met these standards. while ammonia (6.7 mg/L), TN (9.0 mg/L), and TP (1.0 mg/L) met the WHO, European, and Chinese standard only.

3

Zmienność stosunku stężeń azotu i fosforu dla wybranych zlewni rzek przymorza

Wilk P., Orlińska-Woźniak P., Gębala J.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2017

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Vol. 26, No. 1

55--65

PL

Wciąż aktualny problem nadmiernej eutrofizacji wód powierzchniowych, w tym Morza Bałtyckiego, sprawia, że istotne staje się nie tylko określenie samych stężeń związków biogennych w wybranych profilach rzecznych, ale również próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, który z pierwiastków jest czynnikiem limitującym wzrost biomasy. Produkcja biologiczna w wodach powierzchniowych jest zależna od wielu czynników, w tym od wzajemnych stosunków między azotem i fosforem w czasie fotosyntezy. Badania, których wyniki zaprezentowano w artykule, prowadzono w latach 2012–2014 na dwóch zlewniach rzek przymorza, Redze i Słupi, w trzech cyklach w ciągu roku obejmujących okres wegetacji roślin, okres po usunięciu roślin uprawnych z pól oraz okres wczesnowiosenny bezpośrednio po roztopach. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników przeanalizowano zmienności dobowe i sezonowe stężeń związków biogennych oraz określono, który z pierwiastków limituje przyrost biomasy na wybranych zlewniach, korzystając z zależności, jaka występuje między azotem i fosforem w wodach powierzchniowych, zwanej stosunkiem Redfielda.

EN

Due to the ever present problem of excessive eutrophication of both surface waters and their main receiver, i.e. Baltic Sea, it becomes important to determine not only the concentration of nutrients in selected river profiles, but also an attempt to answer the question of which of the elements is a factor limiting the growth of biomass. Biological production in surface area is dependent on a number of factors including the relations between the nitrogen and phosphorus during photosynthesis. The study, whose results were presented in the article, was conducted in 2012–2014 on two littoral river basins, Rega and Słupia, in three cycles throughout the year including both vegetation period, the period after the removal of crops from the fields and the period of early spring, immediately after the thaw snow. On the basis of the results were analyzed variability of daily and seasonal concentrations of biogenic compounds and on the basis determined which of the elements limits the increase in biomass in selected catchments using the dependence that exists between the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters called Redfield ratio.

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Innowacyjność w organizacji. Teoria i praktyka

Węcławek A., Ptak K.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2007

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nr 4

126-129

PL

Zaprezentowano definicje innowacji i podstawową typologię. Omówiono także funkcje kreatywnych zespołów oraz modele ról w procesie innowacyjnym. Przeanalizowano znaczenie klimatu dla innowacji w firmie oraz pokazano przykładowe narzędzia temu służące. Zaprezentowano też model zarządzania innowacjami w TP oraz Ogrody Innowacji Grupy TP.

EN

Definitions of innovation and basic typology are presented. Creative teams functions and roles model in the innovative process description are given. Meaning of innovative climate in the organization and exemplary tools to built it are described. Innovation management in TP and TP Group Innovation Gardens are shown.