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1

Stratighaphic position of tills in the Orłowo Cliff section (northern Poland): a new approach

Woźniak P. P., Sokołowski R. J., Czubla P., Fedorowicz S.

Studia Quaternaria

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2018

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Vol. 35, Nr 1

25--40

EN

The site at Orłowo Cliff was used to analyse the stratigraphic position and palaeogeographic interpretations of the properties and depositional conditions of two basal tills from the Late Pleistocene. A multi-proxy approach involved lithofacies, petrographic analysis of the fine gravel fraction, analyses of indicator erratics and till fabric. TL dating of intra-moraine deposits was used to determine depositional time frames of tills. The sediment profile at Orłowo Cliff shows a distinct reduction in number of Pleistocene units. Obtained dating results suggest the presence of Middle and Late Pleistocene fluvial units. The main issue discussed is the stratigraphic position of the older till (Unit O-4). It can be assumed that this till was deposited probably during the Middle Weichselian (MIS4). At Orłowo Horn the till of Unit O-4 reveals incorporation of the erratic material derived from an older till in the surrounded area (according to petrographic composition – probably from MIS 8). The younger till (Unit O-6) was deposited in the Late Weichselian (MIS 2). Moreover, the till of Unit O-6 is characterised by a significant shift towards the south-west in terms of the erratic origin in Unit O-4.

2

Thermoluminescent dating of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery on sites in Kłyżów and Jarosław (SE Poland)

Czopek S., Kusiak J., Trybała-Zawiślak K.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 2

113--125

EN

The absolute chronology of Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Polish territories is a result of long-term and complex research. Here, we have investigated the absolute dating of two sites, namely Kłyżów, a cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture, and Jarosław, a settlement spanning from the late phase of the former to Pomeranian culture, possibly with Jastorf elements. Having been spurred by promising results of thermoluminescence (TL) dating of medieval and Przeworsk materi-als, we have employed it in those situations, where no other chronometric methods seem to be effi-cient. TL dating has been combined with typological analysis of the dated pottery and, partially, with radiocarbon method. Albeit the produced TL dates do not represent the level of sought-for fine chron-ological resolution, they indicate the temporal trends and corroborate the typological research. Our study has shown the potential of TL dating for periods with plateaus on 14C calibration curve. We also have dealt with unexpected TL ages and suggested some solutions of the problem. Finally, we have demonstrated that the condition sine qua non for archaeological interpretation of TL dates is a thor-ough stylistic-chronological analysis of dated pottery and clear understanding of relations between chronometric dates and the archaeological event to be dated.

3

The results of thermoluminescence dating in the Halych IIC (Ukraine) profile as the expression of the conditions of mineral material deposition

Łanczont M., Bogucki A. B., Kusiak J., Sytnyk O.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 1

42-50

EN

Many studies conducted in the last few years in Poland indicate that the results of thermo-luminescence dating of loess are reliable and correspond well to their geological ages. They can form the basis for determination of the chronology of changes of palaeoenvironmental conditions. In this paper we report dating results from the Halych IIC profile (Halych Prydnistrov'ja region, Ukraine). Thermoluminescence dating of this profile gives new information about the influence of local condi-tions on the results of TL analysis. As much as 75% of the obtained results are distinctly overestimat-ed, even by several hundred per cent, that is untypical of regional loess profiles. However, in the Halych Prydnistrov'ja region it is the second loess site in which such incompatibility of the expected age and thermoluminescence age is found. This fact indicates how this region is unique among the lo-ess areas of SE Poland and NW Ukraine in respect of the conditions of mineral material transport and deposition. Further investigations are necessary to identify the reasons for regular overestimating of the TL results obtained for loess deposits of the Halych Prydnistrov'ja region.

4

Problems of TL dating of the mesopleistocene loess deposits in the Podillya and Pokuttya regions (Ukraine)

Kusiak J., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Bogucki A. B.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 1

51-58

EN

In many papers different authors was described problem of systematic underestimation of TL ages for sediments older then 100 ka. We presented the results which probably are not significant-ly rejuvenated. This is another example of the TL dates made in Lublin laboratory which are likely in agreement with the stratigraphic interpretation. In 2002 Kusiak et al. published the TL ages ranging from 200 to 800 ka for the Zahvizdja loess profile in Ukraine. These first promising results of TL da-ting of so old deposits encouraged us to undertake further studies. In next years were discovered other Ukrainian loess profiles with the Middle and Lower Pleistocene deposits, among others in the Skala Podils’ka, Mamalyha and Vendychany sites. The thermoluminescence dating made for these profiles in the Lublin laboratory gave the next, after Zahvizdja, series of 15 TL ages ranging from 200 to 700 ka. This way we confirmed the possibility of TL dating of the deposits older than 400 ka BP.

5

Phases of aeolian accumulation on the Vistula Spit (Southern Baltic Sea) in the light of TL dating and analysis of a digital elevation model

Fedorowicz S., Wysiecka G., Zieliński P., Hołub B.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 2

345-352

EN

The genesis of the Vistula Spit (Southern Baltic Sea) in the Postlitorina period is regarded as occurring by gradual addition of successive dune ridges along the entire length of the form. Based on the degree of soil profile development and radiocarbon dating of organic sediments three main stages of aeolian processes are usually recognized. GIS analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM) and thermoluminescence dating of dune sand supports the model of progressive development of dune ridges, and has identified four periods of intense aeolian activity. These were established 5860–5400, 1930–1610, 1200–900 years ago from the present, and from 500 years ago.

6

New exposure of loess deposits in Boyanychi (Ukraine) - results of thermoluminescence analyses

Kusiak J., Łanczont M., Bogucki A. B.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 1

84-100

EN

The loess site at Boynychi (the Volyn Upland) is of essential importance for the stratigra-phy of Middle and Upper Pleistocene in Central Europe. The profile was recently dated by Fedorowicz and Prylypko in 2007 (parallel dating), and by Kusiak in 2009. The Upper Vistulian loesses are much thicker in the exposure from 2009 than in the earlier examined one (2007). The list of results obtained in the Gdańsk, Kiev and Lublin laboratories, respectively, can be divided in two. The first group contains the results obtained for the Horohiv and Korshiv pedocomplexes and for the loess from the penultimate glacial, which separates these pedocomplexes. The results from all laboratories are very similar and rather well describe the real age of dated deposits. The second group contains the widely differing results of dating of the Vistulian loesses. The TL ages obtained by Fedorowicz and Prylypko are considerably older than those obtained by Kusiak in the new exposure. The latter ones excellently correspond to the geologic-stratigraphic interpretation of the profile. Two incompatible se-ries of TL dating results indicate that local variability of loess accumulation conditions in different stages of their formation may have resulted in incomplete luminescence zeroing of mineral material before deposition.

7

Luminescence dating studies of Yeşilova Hoyuk

Ekdal E., Ege A., Karali T., Derin Z.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 4

268-275

EN

Ceramic findings collected from Yeşilova Hoyuk located in Izmir were dated using the thermoluminescence dating technique. The area is of significant archaeological importance since it is the first prehistoric settlement in Izmir. Recent archeological observations suggest that human occu-pation of the region took place about 8500 years ago comparing to previously determined dates of 5000 years. Three samples collected from the same archaeological layer (Neolithic period) in Yeşilova Hoyuk were dated using the thermoluminescence method. Archaeological doses (AD) were obtained by single aliquot regenerative dose method (SAR) for thermoluminescence (TL) using coarse grain quartz minerals extracted from samples. Thick and thin Al2O3:C thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the annual dose rate. The archaeological doses were found to vary from 25.91š0.78 to 26.82š0.68 Gy, and the annual doses were found to be between 3.34š0.24 and 3.47š0.24 mGy/a. The ages obtained for the samples were determined to be 6000š830 BC, 5740š670 BC and 5460š740 years for samples ND1, ND2 and ND3, respectively, which supports the prediction of archeologist that the sampling layer dates from the Neolithic period.

8

Stratigraphic position of fluvial and aeolian deposits in the Żabinko site (w Poland) based on TL dating

Zieliński P. P., Sokołowski R. J., Fedorowicz S., Jankowski M.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 1

64-71

EN

The known from literature Żabinko site is situated in the Warta Pradolina, within the dune field occurring on the bifurcation terrace. In the site we found fluvial, fluvio-aeolian and aeolian deposits, paleosols, and organic infillings of the inactive river channels. The purpose of the study was to determine stratigraphic position of the deposit units distinguished on the basis of lithofacial analysis, pedological description and thermoluminescence dating. The obtained results well correspond to the previously published ones, and new units were also found.

9

Mesopleistocene loess deposits in the Mamalyha 2 profile of Ukraine - interlaboratory comparison of the thermoluminescence dating results

Łanczont M., Bogucki A. B., Fedorowicz S., Kusiak J.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 4

350-358

EN

The history of the interlaboratory comparison of TL dating results in Poland started in the 1980s. At that time the Lublin, Warsaw and Silesian laboratories made the first attempts at TL dating of the same loess samples from the Odonów profile. However, the cooperation ceased for many years due to great differences in the obtained TL age estimates. The next interlaboratory comparisons were made in the years 2000-2009 for the loess samples from several Polish (Dybawka, Tarnawce, Dankowice, Biały Kościół) and Ukrainian (Boyanychi, Halych, Velykyj Hlybochok, Yezupil) pro-files. Most of the compared dates, obtained for the loess deposits from the Upper Pleistocene and younger part of the Middle Pleistocene, were consistent. This encouraged us to undertake the Gdańsk-Lublin interlaboratory cooperation in dating of 200-700 ka old loess deposits. Nine samples were tak-en from the Ukrainian profile Mamalyha 2 in 2009 for this purpose. The TL dating results indicate that comparable dates are obtained in two laboratories for loess deposits younger than 300 ka BP. The TL signal obtained in the Gdańsk laboratory for the samples older than 300 ka BP was saturated so such samples should not be dated by the multi-aliquot regeneration method. The results obtained in the Lublin laboratory for these deposits (489-682 ka) confirm that it is possible to date loess deposits older than 500 ka. It probably results from the use of total-bleach method with preheating at 160°C for the equivalent dose determination.

10

Attempts at thermoluminescence dating of fired materials from the Przeworsk Culture settlements

Kusiak J., Rychter M., Stasiak-Cyran M.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 4

359-368

EN

The thermoluminescence (TL) dating method has a significant measurement error margin reaching almost 10%. Due to this fact it could be considered as little effective in case of such sites from the Roman period as burial grounds with many artefacts useful for archaeological dating. However, for many settlements from this period, where pottery is the only kind of artefacts, the TL method can give notable results. The main purpose of the study was to make an attempt at TL dating of pottery and clay daub samples from the Nieszawa Kolonia and Kręcieszki sites and to compare the obtained dates with the results of archaeological dating of selected features from the Przeworsk Culture settlements. In the Kręcieszki site the fragments of burnt clay daub were dated by the TL method for the first time in the Lublin laboratory. It turned out that clay daub is an equally good dating material as pottery. It can be found that the TL dating of pottery from Nieszawa Kolonia confirms two stages of settlement. The first settlement stage is related to the phases B2-B2/C1-C1a of the Roman period, i.e. from the beginning of the 2nd to the beginning of the 3rd century. The second group of TL dates corresponds to the phases C2D that is to the second stage of settlement, from the second half of the 3rd century to the half of the 5th century AD. The results of TL dating of pottery and clay daub in the Kręcieszki site are rather similar and correspond to the phase B1/B2 of the period of Roman influence, determined from pottery style, but can also indicate the phase B2/C1.

11

Chronology of aeolian events recorded in the Karczmiska Dune (Lublin Upland) in the light of lithofacial analysis, 14C and TL dating

Fedorowicz S., Zieliński P.

Geochronometria

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2009

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Vol. 33

9-17

EN

The article studies an average-size parabolic dune located in the northern part of the Chodel Basin, Lublin Upland, Poland within the extensive dune field which covers the contact area of the loess patch slope and the high sandy terrace. Its complex structure and the presence of terrace sand and loess in the floor inspired the authors to conduct detailed lithological studies, as well as TL and 14C dating. As a result, it was possible to determine the mechanism and age of aeolian accumulation cycles in the dune, which contains very good representative evidence of aeolian events in the Lublin Upland.

12

True and anomalous TL dates from Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol deposits at the Kolodiiv site (East Carpathian Fore land, Ukraine)

Kusiak J.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

167-172

EN

Twenty-five samples were selected from the Kolodiiv site (7 profiles) for total-bleach thermoluminescence dating. Only about 50% of the TL ages corresponded well to the age expected on the basis of geological interpretation. The rest of the TL dates are over estimates. The discrepancies between the TL age and the geological age of the deposits probably resulted from the presence of an admixture of poorly bleached material, of local origin, transported over a very short distance.

13

Luminescence dating of the Morasko (Poland), Kaali, Ilumetsa and Tsoorikmäe (Estonia) meteorite craters

Stankowski W. T. J., Raukas A., Bluszcz A., Fedorowicz S.

Geochronometria

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2007

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Vol. 28

25-29

EN

The TL dating of sinter crust of Morasko meteorites proves that the extraterrestrial matter fell about 5000 yr BP. Similar data were obtained for the Kaali impact. The OSL analyses show incomplete bleaching of old rock material especially in the Estonian craters. Almost all data obtained for the immediate impact area indicate ages younger than the Quaternary morphogenesis. The method used seems promising for determining the age of impacts and the origin of small depressions of unknown genesis.

14

Quartz TL dating on selected layers from archaeometallurgical kiln fragments: a proposed procedure to overcome age dispersion

Zacharias N., Michael C. T., Georgakopoulou M., Kilikoglou V., Bassiakos Y.

Geochronometria

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2006

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Vol. 25

29-35

EN

TL dating of archaeometallurgical kiln remains provides information about the chronological period of the corresponding activities. Due to the high temperature this material has usually been subjected to, changes in the TL sensitivity of the quartz grains and also indications of mineralogical alterations, can be present. The study provides absolute ages for kiln assemblages from two prehistoric sites on the island of Seriphos (Cyclades, Greece). Additionally, as the study highlights sources of potential errors, a methodological approach for luminescence dating of similar material is presented.

15

Dependence of luminescence characteristics of irradiated quartz with the thermal treatment and consequences for TL dating

Roque C., Guibert P., Duttine M., Vartanian E., Chapoulie R., Bechtel F.

Geochronometria

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2004

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Vol. 23

1-8

EN

The dependence of luminescence properties of archaeological quartz pebbles with their thermal history is investigated and consequences for TL-dating are examined; the archaeological samples studied were collected from Solutrean layers at Laugerie Haute West rock shelter (Dordogne, France). This study is supported by a simulation experiment carried out on a natural quartz, using a combined approach by Cathodoluminescence (CL), Thermoluminescence (TL) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques. The quartz grains used were given a high beta dose, then independent aliquots were annealed in air at a temperature varying from 300 degrees C to 900 degrees C. It has been observed that the TL growth with dose, after annealing and re-irradiation, evolved from a linear behaviour to a marked supralinear one according to annealing temperature linked respectively with a partial or a total thermal drainage of charges in deep traps. Consequently, during the TL-dating process of materials anciently heated at low temperature in the past (between 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C approximately), a special care has to be taken by adopting an annealing treatment that approaches the filling state of trapped charges that the samples had after the archaeological zeroing. This necessary new requirement strengthens accuracy and reliability of TL-dates obtained at Laugerie Haute.

16

TL-dating of vitrified material

Kresten P., Goedicke Ch., Manzano A.

Geochronometria

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2003

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Vol. 22

9-14

EN

While attempting to date material from the vitrified ramparts of various hill-forts in central and western Europe by thermoluminescence (TL) methods, obviously erroneous results appeared. Searching for possible reasons, an investigation into the upper temperature limit of TL-dating was started. It is well known that insufficient heating causes far too old erroneous TL-ages. Less well known and yet unexplored is the temperature region where vitrification commences. From a hill-fort near Uppsala, samples were taken along a trench through the vitrified rampart. Firing temperatures were determined for each sample by petrographic methods within š50°C, and TL-measurements were carried out. The results show that the ages determined become successively younger with increasing firing temperatures, for samples heated to temperatures exceeding 900°C. The younger the apparent age, the higher the glass content of the sample. Although most of our data are from vitrified ramparts – somewhat exotic to the majority of archaeologists – our findings apply to all strongly heated materials. Examples are archaeometallurgic remains (slags, furnaces, hearths), tempered ceramics (stoneware, porcelain), or molten bricks. The paper also presents clearly erroneous TLdates for several of these materials, along with an explanation of the phenomenon.

17

Determination of usage and absolute chronology of a pit feature at the Early Bronze I Ashkelon Marina, Israel, archaeological site

Godfrey-Smith D. I., Shalev S.

Geochronometria

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2002

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Vol. 21

163-166

EN

A study of the luminescence properties of one of several pit features removed from the Ashkelon Marina EB1 (Early Bronze I) archaeological site during a 1998 excavation unequivocally determines their function in antiquity. The features are shallow (Ł 50 cm) cup-shaped pits preserved in the ground. A hardened and reddened layer of earth Ł 3cm thick forms the shape of each pit, and a thin layer of white calcite is observed to lie upon the hardened earth. The pit is filled with soft buff coloured, quartz-dominated sediments, indistinguishable from the sediments which underlie it. This feature, and several others at the site, are suspected to be putative fire pit installations, over which crucibles for the melting of copper had been placed. However, the lack of any direct association of copper residues or artifacts found at the site with any of the pit features leaves this hypothesis unproven. Previous investigations, which included X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, optical mineralogy studies, and FT-IR spectral measurements, have been unable to confirm the association of the pit features with fire. Calibrated radiocarbon dates place the use of the site at 5500-5300 BP. We applied optical dating and thermoluminescence (TL) dating to the hardened red layer and the overlying fill sediments, in order to determine the last time of firing and/or exposure to sunlight of the two components of the feature. The premise driving our investigations is the fact that heated sediments will give the correct TL age. In contrast, unheated sediments will give an incorrect TL age far in excess of the depositional age, but will give a correct optical dating age. The TL analyses yielded ages of 5160 š380 years for the hardened rim and 24,600 š1600 years for the fill. Optical dating of the fill yielded an age of 5260 š380 years, which is in excellent agreement with the TL age on the rim. These results fulfil the hypothesized results precisely. On this basis, we conclude that the pit features at the Ashkelon Marina archaeological site were fire pits used in early copper smelting technology.

18

Chronology of the Vistulian (Weichselian) glacial events in the Lower Vistula region, middle-north Poland

Wysota W., Lankauf K. R., Szmańda J., Chruścińska A., Oczkowski H. L., Przegiętka K. R.

Geochronometria

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2002

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Vol. 21

137-142

EN

Stratigraphy of the Vistulian glacial events in the southern part of the Lower Vistula region in the north Poland is presented. Lithostratigraphic units and TL dating of Vistulian deposits exposing along the Vistula valley between Toruń and the Chełmno Lakeland are described in detail. The obtained results indicate that the Vistulian sequences in the Lower Vistula region were deposited during five palaeogeographical episodes. Three glacial events were distinguished: the first at the beginning of the Middle Vistulian (~65O70 ka) and two younger ones during the Late Vistulian. The Middle and Late Vistulian glacial events were separated by a long ice-free period, between 65 and 30 ka.

19

14C and TL dating as a method of establishing the origin of kettle-like hollows

Stankowski W.

Geochronometria

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2001

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Vol. 20

103-106

EN

Small circular hollows are very common in the glacial topography of NW Poland. Among them there are also some of meteorite origin. An important example of impact craters exists in the Morasko Meteorite Natural Reserve. The 14 C and Luminescence datings are very helpful in establishing their origin. The last ice sheet retreat and permafrost degradation created kettle-like hollows around the Morasko Hill. Organic infilling started in them between 14,000 - 10,000 BP. The Morasko meteorite shower fell between 5000 - 3500 BP. The craters origins and young hollow bottom organic infillings then started. On the Great Poland Lowland there are other potential areas with forms connected to meteorite falls, the such as Oborniki - Obrzycko area and probably in the so called KKR object fron the south-east part of Great Poland Lowland.

20

Chronology of loess-paleosol sequences at Weinan section, Central China

Jiaqi Liu, Sun Jimin, Chen Rui, Wang Wenyuan

Geologos

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2000

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Vol. 5

165--174

EN

The loess profile at Weinan (34°12’N and 109°31’E), Central China, with good stratigraphic stability and well developed paleosols, was systematically sampled and dated by AMS radiocarbon and TL methods. The preliminary high-resolution time scale of this section has been tuned. Based on this time scale and other climatic proxies such as susceptibility curve and grain-size curve, the author summarizes several for the last 150,000 years age results regarding some important stratigraphic boundaries and established a time scale. According to this time scale, the basal age of S0, located at 143 cm below the top of section, corresponding to the boundary between S0/L1 is 11,980 yr cal BP, this is the age of the beginning of Holocene. The age of the boundary between L1 and S1 is dated 74,220 years B. P. at 854 cm, which shows the ending age of the last interglacial stage is about 74,000 cal BP. Si is highly pedogenised paleosol with dark brown color and 361 cm in thickness. It can be divided into three sub-layers, corresponding to the last interglacial stage, the real S1/L2 boundary is located in 1,180 cm depth and has an age of 128,870 years B. P. It may be correlated with the deep-sea oxygen-isotopic stage 5. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) reflected in Weinan loess section by grain size curve and susceptibility curve is from about 20,000 cal BP to 18,000 cal BP. A rapid deposit period from 300 cm to 196 cm lasted a time span from 20,200 cal BP to 19,800 cal BP. The deposit rate of this segment is over 20 times than the average deposit rate of Chinese loess.