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O nowych rozwiązaniach tektonicznych w „Atlasie geologicznym Polski”

Aleksandrowski P., Mazur S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 12

1499--1510

EN

Authorial comprehensive comments and explanations are given to some of the interpretations applied in the tectonic part of the newly published Geological Atlas of Poland (Nawrocki, Becker, 2017) that considerably change the hitherto generally accepted concepts. It should be, however, admitted that most of those "new’" solutions were already proposed in the past by other workers as hypotheses that could not have been tested in the then state of knowledge on Poland’s deep geology and scientific tools at hand. This has now changed with abundant new data obtained with modern seismic techniques and advanced methods of potential field modelling. Using those data, we justify the reasons for, among others, a significant eastward shifting the front of the Variscan Orogen in Poland andfor the accompanying change in position of the division line between the Precambrian and Palaeozoic platforms. We also show the rationale for accepting a far-reaching southwestward extent of the East European Craton’s crystalline basement below the Palaeozoic Platform and for reinterpretation of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone’s nature, together with the question of early Palaeozoic terranes in the TESZ and the situation of the Caledonian foredeep at the SW margin of the East-European Craton.

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Anomalie magnetyczne i ich rola w rozpoznaniu struktury krystalicznego kompleksu skorupy ziemskiej południowo-wschodniej Polski

Grabowska T., Bojdys G., Petecki Z.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2017

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nr 470

17--47

PL

Południowo-wschodnia Polska znajduje się na obszarze kontaktu trzech dużych jednostek geologicznych: kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego (EEC), platformy paleozoicznej i Karpat. Złożoną budowę geologiczną obszaru odzwierciedlają mapy anomalii pól potencjalnych. Analiza mapy anomalii ΔT całkowitego pola magnetycznego Ziemi i pochodnych pionowych tych anomalii w powiązaniu z danymi geologicznymi dostarcza wielu informacji o budowie i właściwościach magnetycznych skał krystalicznego kompleksu skorupy. Pośrednio ujawnia ona stopień zróżnicowania petrologicznego i tektonikę krystalicznego kompleksu skorupy obszaru kratonicznego w zestawieniu ze skorupą przyłączonych do niego bloków, będących przedpolem orogenu waryscyjskiego platformy paleozoicznej i zlokalizowanych w strefie szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ). Na drodze analizy spektralnej anomalii magnetycznych i ich ilościowej interpretacji, uwzględniającej dane z projektu CELEBRATION 2000 oraz informacje o właściwościach magnetycznych skał udostępnionych wierceniami, skonstruowano wzdłuż profili sejsmicznych (CEL 01, CEL 05) dwuwymiarowe (2D) modele magnetyczne skorupy i przedstawiony w formie szkicu model trójwymiarowy (3D). Porównawcza analiza i interpretacja map anomalii magnetycznych i grawimetrycznych ujawniła pozycję krystalicznego kompleksu skorupy w strefie kontaktu kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego z platformą paleozoiczną oraz jego wpływ na obraz resztkowych anomalii grawimetrycznych na obszarze kratonu

EN

South-eastern Poland is situated between the East European Craton (EEC), the Paleozoic and Mezosoic of Western Europe and the Carpathians. Complex geological structure of the area is reflected on the maps of potential fields anomalies. The analyses of the total magnetic intensity anomaly map ΔT and the vertical derivatives of these anomalies in relation to geological data provide many information concerning the structure and magnetic properties of rocks of the crystalline basement. These analyses indirectly reveal the degree of the petrologic diversification and the tectonics of the basement in comparison with the adjoining blocks of the Paleozoic and Variscan orogens and their basement as well as those located in the area of the Trans–European Suture Zone (TESZ). Two dimensional (2D) magnetic models of the basement along the seismic profiles (CEL 01, CEL 05) and corresponding three dimensional (3D) model have been constructed. This interpretation is based on spectral analysis of the magnetic anomalies and their quantitative interpretation which includes data from the CELEBRATION 2000 project, as well as information concerning the magnetic properties of rocks made available through drilling. The comparative analysis of maps showing magnetic and gravity anomalies have revealed the architecture of the crystalline basement in the area where the East European Craton (EEC) is in contact with the Paleozoic and Mezosoic of Western Europe, as well as its impact on the image of residual gravity anomalies within the area of the craton.

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Electromagnetic study of lithospheric structure in the marginal zone of East European Craton in NW Poland

Jóźwiak W.

Acta Geophysica

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2013

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Vol. 61, no. 5

1101-1129

EN

The marginal zone of the East European Platform, an area of key importance for our understanding of the geotectonic history of Europe, has been a challenge for geophysicists for many years. The basic research method is seismic survey, but many important data on physical properties and structure of the lithosphere may also be provided by the electromagnetic methods. In this paper, results of deep basement study by electromagnetic methods performed in Poland since the mid-1960s are presented. Over this time, several hundred long-period soundings have been executed providing an assessment of the electric conductivity distribution in the crust and upper mantle. Numerous 1D, 2D, and pseudo-3D electric conductivity models were constructed, and a new interpretation method based on Horizontal Magnetic Tensor analysis has been applied recently. The results show that the contact zone is of lithospheric discontinuity character and there are distinct differences in geoelectric structures between the Precambrian Platform, transitional zone (TESZ), and the Paleozoic Platform. The wide-spread conducting complexes in the crust with integral conductivity values reaching 10 000 S at 20–30 km depths are most spectacular. They are most likely consequences of geological processes related to Caledonian and Variscan orogenesis. The upper mantle conductivity is also variable, the thickness of high-resistive lithospheric plates ranging from 120–140 km under the Paleozoic Platform to 220–240 km under the East European Platform.

4

Badania struktury skorupy ziemskiej na obszarze Europy Centralnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Transeuropejskiej Strefy Szwu, metodami głębokich profilowań sejsmicznych

Guterch A.

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2012

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R. 15, Nr 9 (173)

4--9

EN

The complex tectonic history of Central Europe (Fig. 1a) reflects the break-up of a Neoproterozoic supercontinet(s) (Rodinia/Pannotia) to form the fragment Baltica and the subsequent growth of continental Europe beginning with the Caledonian orogeny. Caledonian and younger Variscan orogenesis involved accretion of Laurentian and Gondwanan terranes to the riftet margin of Baltica. (East European craton, EEC) during the Paleozoic. From Central Poland northward, the region also experienced volcanic activity during the Permian and tectonic inversion during the Alpine orogeny, which in the south continues today. The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is a term used to refer to the suite of sutures and terranes that formed adjacent to the rifted margin of Baltica, and these features extend from the British Isles to the Black Sea region (Fig. 1a and 2). Understanding the structure and evolution of the TESZ region is one of the key tectonic challenges in Europe north of the Alps. The TESZ is far more complex than a single suture but in a broad sense is the boundary between the accreted terranes and Baltica. The TESZ includes the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ), which has several definitions. Here, we will use the term TTZ to refer to a structural zone associated with the southwestern edge of the EEC. Beginning in 1997, Central Europe, between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas, has been covered by an unprecedented network of seismic refraction experiments (Fig. 1b). These experiments - POLONAISE’97, CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, and SUDETES 2003 - have only be possible due to a massive international cooperative effort. International Consortium consisted of 35 institutions from 16 countries in Europe and North America - Austria, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey and the United States. The majority of the recording instruments was provided by the IRIS/ PASCAL Instrument Center and the University of Texas at El Paso (USA), the Geological Survey of Canada and other countries. For example, in the CELEBRATION experiment, the total number was 1230 stations ands 147 shot points located along seismic lines of a total length of about 9000 km. A large number of seismic sources and stations in all experiments means that besides 2 - D approach along profiles (Fig. 3 and 4), also 3 - D approach (Fig. 5 and 6) could be implemented in data interpretation. Total length of seismic profiles in all experiments is about 20 000 km (Fig. 1b).

5

The structure of the crust in TESZ area by kriging interpolation

Majdański M.

Acta Geophysica

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2012

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Vol. 60, no. 1

59-75

EN

A precise 3D model of the crust is necessary to start any tectonic or geodynamic interpretation. It is also essential for seismic interpretations of structures lying below as well as for correct analysis of shallow structures using reflection seismics. During the last decades, a number of wide-angle refraction experiments were performed on the territory of central and eastern Europe (POLONAISE’97, CELEBRATION 2000, SUDETES 2003), resulting in many high quality 2D models. It is an interesting and complicated transition zone between Precambrian and Palaeozoic Platforms. This paper presents 3D model of the velocity distribution in the crust and upper mantle interpolated from 2D models of the structure along 33 profiles. The obtained model extends to a depth of 50 km and accurately describes the main features of the crustal structures of Poland and surrounding areas. Different interpolation techniques (Kriging, linear) are compared to assure maximum precision. The final model with estimated uncertainty is an interesting reference of the area for other studies.

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Density and magnetic models of the lithosphere along CELEBRATION 2000 profile CEL01

Grabowska T., Bojdys G., Bielik M., Csicsay K.

Acta Geophysica

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2011

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Vol. 59, no. 3

526-560

EN

The paper presents 2D density and magnetic models of the crust and upper mantle along the DSS line profile of the CELEBRATION 2000 project that crosses the most important geological units in Central Europe. These are the Alps-Carpathians-Pannonian (ALCAPA) region, the SE part of the Paleozoic Platform (PLZ), the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) and a fragment of the SW portion of the East European Craton (EEC). The density and magnetic models were constructed on the basis of a 2D model of P-wave velocity converted into density model, geological data as well as geothermal data and the results of integrated geophysical modelling for the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. This allowed us to construct a comprehensive geophysical 2D model of the crust and enlargement the geophysical-geological characteristics of the lithosphere in the Pannonian basins, the Carpathian orogen, and in the transitional zone between the ALCAPA plate and the East European Craton (passing through the Paleozoic Platform). As a result, we have provided evidence for the heterogeneity of the density in the lithospheric mantle, terrane concept of the East European Craton foreland, and confirmed the possibility of rift events along the SW boundary of the Precambrian craton in SE Poland.

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Xenotime from the Podwiśniówka mine pit, Holy Cross Mountains (South-Central Poland)

Migaszewski Z. M., Gałuszka A.

Mineralogia

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2010

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Vol. 41, iss. 1/2

3--9

EN

This report presents the results of petrographical and mineralogical (optical microscopy, SEM/EDS) study of xenotime derived from the Upper (Middle?) Cambrian rocks (Wiśniówka Sandstone Fm.) of the abandoned Podwiśniówka mine pit. This is the first work on this mineral from the Holy Cross Mts. The authigenic xenotime occurs primarily as overgrowths around/on zircon in siliciclastic rocks. Moreover, this mineral is characterized by the large size of the overgrowths reaching 50 μm long and 20 μm wide. The presence of pyritecoated zircon/xenotime aggregates indicates that the xenotime formed prior to hydrothermal quartz-pyrite mineralization. The apparent lack of xenotime and vein pyrite in the tuff-bearing series, compared to the other two series displaying hydrothermal signature (pyrite, hematite, nacrite, jarosite), as well as considerable variations of the xenotime overgrowths in size and morphology, and their dominant irregular patchy-zonal microtexture may provide evidence for direct precipitation of this mineral from hydrothermal fluids.

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Sejsmiczne modele struktury skorupy ziemskiej strefy szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ) w północno-zachodniej i centralnej Polsce

Grad M., Guterch A.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2006

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T. 188

41--52

PL

Głębokie sondowania sejsmiczne (GSS) refrakcyjne i szerokokątowe refleksyjne wykonane w północno-zachodniej Polsce wskazują na ogromne różnice w budowie skorupy ziemskiej i dolnej litosfery strefy przejścia między kratonem wschodnioeuropejskim i platformą paleozoiczną. Gęsta sieć nowoczesnych profili sejsmicznych: LT-7 i TTZ, pięciu profili P1–P5 z eksperymentu POLONAISE’97 oraz zreinterpretowanych „starych” profili LT-2, LT-4 i LT-5 pozwala określić podstawowe elementy struktury strefy szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ). Gruba (42–45 km) skorupa kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego o wyraźnej trójwarstwowej skorupie krystalicznej przechodzi w cienką (30–35 km), dwuwarstwową skorupę waryscyjską, charakteryzującą się brakiem najniższej warstwy o dużych prędkościach fal P (Vp ~7,1 km/s). W strefie TESZ obserwuje się wyraźne wycienienie skorupy skonsolidowanej, a skały o stosunkowo małych prędkościach fal P (Vp 8,3 km/s), podczas gdy prędkość fal P pod granicą Moho kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego osiąga „normalne“ wartości (Vp ~8,1 km/s). Trudno jednoznacznie określić położenie brzegu kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego w północno-zachodniej Polsce, a szerokość strefy przejściowej między platformami wynosi ok. 200 km.

9

Analiza względnych zmian wiekowych pola magnetycznego Ziemi (1966-2005) wzdłuż profilu Zgorzelec-Wiżajny

Bojdys G., Grabowska T., Marchewka J., Suchoń B.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2006

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T. 32, z. 4

375-388

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań nad lokalnymi względnymi zmianami w czasie całkowitego pola magnetycznego Ziemi, obserwowanymi wzdłuż profilu o długości około 700 km, który przecina platformę paleozoiczną (PLZ), strefę szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ) i wschodnioeuropejski kraton (EEC). Badania te są kontynuacją wcześniejszych tego typu prac przeprowadzonych w latach 1966-2000. Pomiary pola magnetycznego Ziemi wykonane w ostatnim 5-leciu wyraźnie ujawniły nowe zjawisko, jakim jest przyspieszenie wzrostu pola magnetycznego w obszarze wschodnioeuropejskiego kratonu. Potwierdziły one również zwiększoną dynamikę zmian pola magnetycznego w tym obszarze w odróżnieniu od strefy szwu transeuropejskiego i platformy paleozoicznej. Zaobserwowany w ostatnim 5-leciu charakter zmian pola magnetycznego skłonił do modyfikacji dotychczas stosowanej metodyki badań względnych zmian wiekowych.

EN

The paper presents results of the studies on local relative time variations of total geomagnetic field observed along the 700 km long profile crossing the Paleozoic Platform (PLZ), Transeuropean Suture Zone (TESZ) and East European Craton (EEC). The study is a continuation of the research conducted in the years 1966-2000. Measurements of the Earth's magnetic field made in the last five years revealed a new phenomenon, which was a faster increase of the magnetic field observed at the EEC. They proved also that the dynamics of the magnetic field variations observed for the EEC was greater than it was for TESZ and PLZ. The character of geomagnetic field variations observed during the last five years caused the modification of method of studies of relative secular geomagnetic variations.

10

Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland; biostratigraphy of the Wiśniówka Hill succession

Żylińska A., Szczepanik Z., Salwa S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2006

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Vol. 56, no. 4

443-461

EN

New acritarch data combined with the trilobite record date most of the Wiśniówka Hill succession (western part of Łysogóry, Holy Cross Mts.) as early Furongian (early late Cambrian). The taxonomic diversity and abundance of the acritarch assemblages allow a more precise age determination than previous studies, as well as correlation with contemporary associations from Baltica, Avalonia and West Gondwana. The stratigraphic significance of trilobite trace fossils within the succession is evaluated.

11

Crustal structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone in Central Poland - reinterpretation of the LT-2, LT-4 and LT-5 deep seismic sounding profiles

Grad M., Guterch A., Polkowska-Purys A.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 3

243--252

EN

The paper gives a reinterpretation of data from three deep seismic sounding profiles-LT-2, LT-4 and LT-5 - acquired in 1974-1979 between the Precambrian East European Craton (EEC) and the Palaeozoic Platform (PP) in Central Poland. Good quality seismic records in the distance interval from 50-90 to 200-280 km were the input data for the modelling of the crustal and uppermost mantle structure. Clear first arrivals and later phases of waves reflected/refracted from the crustal and the Moho boundaries were interpreted using a two-dimensional (2-D) ray tracing technique. In general, the crustal thickness along the three profiles varies from 30-35 km in the Palaeozoic platform area, to 42-44 km in the Polish part of the EEC, being 35-40 km in the transition zone between the PP and the EEC. In the transition area, the P-wave velocity is very low (Vp < 6.0 km/s) down to depths of 15-18 km, indicating that a very thick succession of sedimentary, metamorphosed or volcanic origin rocks is present there. All three 2-D models of the crust are discussed together with results obtained 20-30 years ago, particularly taking into account the difference in interpretation methods and new computation possibilities. Jointly with recent seismic studies along the profiles LT-7 and TTZ, as well as the POLONAISE'97 profiles P1-P4, the reinterpreted old profiles provide a collection of crustal models of the TESZ in Poland.

12

Zmiany wiekowe pola magnetycznego ziemi wzdłuż profilu Zgorzelec - Wiżajny

Bojdys G., Grabowska T., Szybiński M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2001

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T. 27, z. 2--4

527-541

PL

Artykuł omawia wyniki 35 serii pomiarowych (1966-2000) pola magnetycznego Ziemi, prowadzonych w celu określenia jego względnych zmian wiekowych (wyznaczanych w odniesieniu do Belska) wzdłuż profilu liczącego około 700 km długości. Profil ten przecina najważniejsze jednostki geotektoniczne Europy. Przeprowadzone obliczenia potwierdziły wcześniej wysuniętą tezę (Małoszewski & Jankowski 1997) o wolniejszym tempie wiekowych zmian ziemskiego pola magnetycznego w obszarze Wschodnioeuropejskiego Kratonu (EEC) w porównaniu ze zmianami tego pola w obrębie Paleozoicznej Platformy Centralnej i Zachodniej Europy (PLZ). W środkowej części profilu, przecinającej szew transeuropejski (TESZ), gdzie kompleks osadowy skorupy osiąga znaczące miąższości, względne zmiany wiekowe są minimalne.

EN

The paper presents results of 35 series of the geomagnetic field measurements, conducted in the period of 1966-2000 along a 700 km profile to evaluate geomagnetic field secular variations relative to the measurements in the Belsk observatory. The calculations confirmed the earlier thesis on the slower speed of the secular variations of the geomagnetic field in the East European Craton's area (EEC) as compared to those in the Paleozoic Platform of Central and Western Europe (PLZ) (Małoszewski & Jankowski 1997). In the middle part of the profile, which crosses the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) where the crust's sedimentary complex has the largest thickness, the relative secular variations are minimal.