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Theoretical problems underlying sprite observations of the planned TARANIS satellite mission

Jujeczko Paweł

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

2019

Vol. 54, No. 4

137--164

Tool for the Analysis of Radiations from lightnings and Sprites (TARANIS) is a French Space Agency’s (CNES) satellite mission planned for launch in 2020. It is designed for investigating phenomena related to thunderstorm activity, transient luminous events (TLEs) and amongst them - red sprites. The satellite is equipped with cameras, photometers, energetic particles detectors, ion probe and electromagnetic sensors of wide frequency spectrum. It will be the most versatile satellite for measuring TLEs ever sent to space. In this article, theories that are fundamental for understanding sprites and sprites-related measurements of TARANIS mission are presented. The current state of sprites phenomenology and their possible generation mechanisms are presented. The article briefly covers streamer discharges, cloud charge structure at the TLE occurrence, electric breakdown of the air and Runaway Relativistic Electron Avalanche (RREA). At the end, TARANIS mission equipment and goals that are related to presented theories are presented.