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Wawelski spór Stanisława Tomkowicza z Adolfem Szyszko-Bohuszem

Czubiński J.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

2013

Nr 36

38--45

W latach 1908-1909 pojawił się istotny spór pomiędzy środowiskiem krakowskich konserwatorów zabytków a Centralną Komisją Konserwatorską w Wiedniu o metodę restauracji zamku królewskiego na Wawelu. Jego personifikacją był konflikt pomiędzy Maxem Dvořákiem reprezentującym stanowisko purystyczne oraz Stanisławem Tomkowiczem, który był zwolennikiem restauracji historycznej. Podobny w wymowie konflikt pojawił się w latach 20. pomiędzy Tomkowiczem a Adolfem Szyszko-Bohuszem prowadzącym wtedy prace konserwatorskie na Wawelu. Tym razem jednak to Tomkowicz reprezentował poglądy zbliżone do puryzmu w przeciwieństwie do Szyszko-Bohusza, który okazał się zwolennikiem bardziej swobodnego prowadzenia prac konserwatorskich na Wawelu, swoją metodę nazwał „neutralną” lub „poza czasem”. Konflikt zantagonizował częściowo środowisko konserwatorów polskich, jego zwycięzcą okazał się Szyszko-Bohusz, konsekwentnie realizując swoją wizję restauracji zamku wawelskiego.

In the years 1908-1909, a vital quarrel broke out between the environment of monument conservators in Krakow and the Central Conservation Commission in Vienna concerning the restoration method of the Wawel Royal Castle. Its personifi ed version was the conflict between Max Dvořák, representing a purist attitude, and Stanisław Tomkowicz who was in favour of historical restoration. A similar conflict occurred during the 1920s between Tomkowicz and Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz carrying out conservation work in the Wawel Castle then. That time, however, it was Tomkowicz who represented views close to purism, in contrast to Szyszko-Bohusz who favoured a freer manner of conducting conservation work in the Wawel Castle, and called his method “neutral” or “beyond time”. The conflict partially divided the milieu of Polish conservators, but its winner turned out to be Szyszko-Bohusz by consequently realizing his vision of the Wawel Castle restoration.

Twórczość Adolfa Szyszko-Bohusza na rzecz zakonu oo. Paulinów

Barucki T.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

2002

T. 47, z. 1

76-80

Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, one of the leading figures of architecture during the Second Republic, was born far from his native land. Later on, he was to write: "Born abroad, in the distant north and in afamily for decades drifting across the vast expanses of Russia, completely isolated from my Homeland, I progressed by means of arduous effort and from the very beginning thought only about my motherland, native art and devotion to science". The course of the life of A. Szyszko-Bohusz confirms this recollection. He graduated in architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg in 1909 with distinction and a gold medal. In 1912, A. Szyszko-Bohusz was appointed dozent at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, and in the following year, barely 30 years old, he became professor at the Lwów Polytechnic. Despite his subsequent work at the Warsaw Polytechnic he was associated closest with Cracow where in 1924-1929 he held the office of rector at the local Academy of Fine Arts. In 1916 A. Szyszko-Bohusz became director of the Head Offices for the Restoration of the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill. He was also the author of contemporary architecture, the PKO bank offices in Cracow (1922-1924) being probably his best known work and most representative for the first "Classical" stage in his oeuvre. In time, modernistic tendencies gradually dominated: the Spa House in Żegiestów (1928) and the Castle of the President of the Republie of Poland in Wisła (1929-1931). A similar emergence of new tendencies is evident in works erected or only designed for the Paulite order; the most important and the earliest being associated with Jasna Góra and including the Cenacle in the form of an expansive, rectangular courtyard surrounded with arcades and skilfully blended with the massif of the monastery, the fronton of the chapel containing the Miraculous Icon (1920s), the never built bell tower (1920), the Pilgrims' House, which was to be situated at the foot of Jasna Góra (1921), and an orphanage (1928).