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The influence of limited dynamic response of the indicator detector in a Swan-Ganz catheter on the overestimation of cardiac output measurement by means of thermodilution

Gawlikowski M., Pustelny T.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

2012

Vol. 19, nr 4

751-758

Nowadays the "gold clinical standard" of hemodynamics diagnostic and cardiac output measurements is pulmonary artery catheterization by means of the Swan-Ganz catheter and thermodilution. The method itself is sensitive to numerous disturbances which cause inaccurate results. One of the well-known disadvantages of thermodilution is the overestimation of results at low values of cardiac output. This effect may concern the limited slew rate of the thermoelement mounted at the tip of the catheter. In this paper the relationship between the dynamic response of the thermoelement and the uncertainty of cardiac output measurements by means of thermodilution has been investigated theoretically and experimentally.

The pulmonary arteries as a source of unreliability in thermodilution cardiac output measurement

Gawlikowski M., Pustelny T., Przywara-Chowaniec B., Struk P.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

2008

Vol. 29

83-91

One of the most fundamental examination in intensive care medicine is cardiac output (CO) measurement, realized by pulmonary artery catherization. The thermodilution CO estimation method is not resistant to various kinds of disturbances, which significantly decreases its sensitivity and specificity. The paper depicts investigations related to analysis of presumable new source of unreliability – asymmetric blood flow through pulmonary vessels. The investigations consisted of two phases: clinical examination (to obtain anatomical data) and computer modeling (to simulate the flow symmetry).