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Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars

Engelmann Danilo, Hüssy Andreas, Comte Pierre, Czerwinski Jan, Bonsack Peter

Combustion Engines

2021

R. 60, nr 1

41--51

Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer. As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (ca. 25 s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop&go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.

Testing of the electric vehicle in driving cycles

Gis W., Żółowski A., Bocheńska A.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 4

207-221

The energy consumption of the car depends on traffic conditions and the car characteristics, speed and motion resistance such as rolling resistance, the slope angle, wind speed, etc. Vehicle speed determines the energy consumption in the vehicle in the comparable moving conditions. It is necessary to perform the research in a number of tests corresponding to the different traffic conditions to widen the knowledge beyond that from type-approval tests. The article presents energy consumption studies of electric passenger car in both approval tests: European – NEDC, American – FTP as well as special tests, for example Stop and Go. The tests were repeated several times, i.e. for different initial levels of battery charge. In addition, tests under real traffic conditions on the big city streets have been conducted. The measurements were made on a Zilent Courant passenger car, produced by Chinese company Shandong Baoya New Energy Vehicle Co. ltd. This is a pure electric vehicle, which meets the conditions for qualifying it as a “pure electric vehicle” in accordance with section 2 of the ECE Regulation no. 101. Courant is a 4-seat vehicle, based on the version of the spark ignition engine. The vehicle is equipped with an electric, brushless engine of 8.5 kW power. Acid-lead batteries provide a nominal voltage of 120 V.