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Astronomia neutrin słonecznych

Wójcik M., Misiaszek M., Zuzel G.

Postępy Fizyki

2002

T. 53, z. 6

261-277

Experimental low energy neutrino astrophysics is the most recent window opened to the Universe Neutrinos, the first non-electromagnetic probes used for astronomic investigation, can give information coming directly from the stellar interior: how stars burn and explode. The solar neutrino flux carries information on nuclear reactions inside the solar core which produce energy in the Sun. Magnitude of the flux and to some extent its energy spectrum are measured by neutrino detectors: Homestake chlorine detector, Super-Kamiokande water Cerenkov detector, Gallex and SAGE gallium detectors and Sudbury heavy water Cerenkov detector. All of them suggest a deficit of the observed neutrino flux as compared to predictions of the Standard Solar Model. One explanation for the deficit is the transformation of the Sun's electron-type neutrinos into other active flavors. Recently, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has provided evidence that there is a non-electron flavor active neutrino component in the solar flux. The SNO results make possible the first determination of the total flux of 8B neutrinos generated by the Sun. A new-generation low energy solar neutrino spectrometer Borexino is under construction to test the flux of the monoenergetic 7Be neutrinos to explain the deficit observed in the Gallex experiment.