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1

Does salt stress intensify the allelopathic effect of four asteraceae invasive plants?

Li Yue, Li Chuang, Zhong Shanshan, Xu Zhelun, Yu Youli, Wang Congyan, Du Daolin

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 2-3

59--74

EN

One of the main factors in the successful invasion of invasive plants is their allelopathy on the growth performance (especially seed germination and seedling growth) of neighboring plants. Salt stress, mainly mediated by soil salinization, may affect or even facilitate the process of invasion of invasive plants via their allelopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathy effect of four Asteraceae invasive plants, including Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.), horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.), rallway beggaricks (Bidens pilosa L.), and daisy fleabane (Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.), on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under a gradient of salt stress in an hydroponic incubation experiment. Salt stress significantly reduced seed germination and seedling growth of L. sativa. These four invasive plants are known to negatively affect seed germination and seedling growth of L. sativa through their allelopathy. The allelopathy of S. canadensis was stronger than that of the three other invasive plants. Salt stress significantly intensified the allelopathy of the four studied invasive plants (especially S. canadensis), and the facilitation of salt stress on the allelopathy of the four invasive plants (especially S. canadensis) significantly increased with increasing intensity of salt stress. Therefore, the increased level of salt stress may facilitate the process of invasion of the four studied invasive plants (especially S. canadensis) via their increased allelopathy negatively affecting the seed germination and seedling growth of neighboring plant species.

2

Selected Features of Canadian Goldenrod That Predispose the Plant to Phytoremediation

Bielecka Aleksandra, Królak Elżbieta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

88--93

EN

Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) is an invasive plant species occurring in Poland. Canadian goldenrod tolerates a wide range of habitat conditions, it grows in landfills and soils contaminated with heavy metals. The paper presents the selected biometric features of the plant which indicate the possibility of its use for phytoremediation purposes. The analysis was based on the results of own research and literature data. The biometric features of the plant chose for the research are: aboveground biomass (which reaches about 4.4 tons d.m/ha on a surface covered with the plant in more than 70%), the possibility of annual collection of the aboveground parts and their use for energy purposes, extensive roots and rhizomes system ensuring soil stabilization, high accumulation of some metals in the underground parts of the plant.

3

Nitrogen Deposition Influences the Allelopathic Effect of an Invasive Plant on the Reproduction of a Native Plant : Solidago canadensis versus Pterocypsela laciniata

Wang C., Liu J., Xiao H., Zhou J., Du D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 1

87--96

EN

This study aims to gain insights into the allelopathic effects (by using leaf extracts) of the notorious invasive Solidago canadensis L. on seed germination of the associated Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) C. Shih under different nitrogen (N) forms added: inorganic (NO3- -N and NH4+ -N), organic (urea-N), and mixed N (a mixture of the three N forms at 1:1:1 ratio). Among the two used concentrations of S. canadensis leaf extracts the higher exhibited inhibitory allelopathic effects on seedling height and biomass, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of P. laciniata. N demonstrated positive effects on seed germination of P. laciniata. The effects of mixed and organic N on the seedling biomass of P. laciniata were more pronounced than those of inorganic N and control treatment. The vigor index of P. laciniata under mixed N was significantly higher than those under single N form and control treatment. Thus, organic and mixed N showed higher ecological effects on seed germination of P. laciniata than inorganic and single N form. All N forms could alleviate the inhibitory allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on seed germination of P. laciniata. Overall, the inhibitory allelopathic impact of S. canadensis on seed germination of native species may be attenuated under increased and diverse N deposition, thus it could prevent its further invasion.

4

Charakterystyka wybranych właściwości gleb zasiedlanych przez nawłoć kanadyjską

Bielecka A.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

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2017

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Vol. 20

17--20

PL

Wśród roślin inwazyjnych w ostatnich latach na terenie Polski coraz więcej notuje się stanowisk zasiedlanych przez rodzaj Solidago sp. Spośród gatunków reprezentujących Solidago sp. powszechnie występuje gatunek Solidago canadensis L.. Gatunek ten na teren Europy został introdukowany z Ameryki Północnej. Na terytorium naszego kraju jego obecność notuje się w siedliskach naturalnych i synantropijnych. Mimo wielu doniesień literaturowych na temat inwazyjności Solidago canadensis L. niewiele prowadzi się badań dotyczących charakterystyki siedlisk. Analiza próbek gleby pobranych na terenie i w okolicy Mińska Mazowieckiego na stanowiskach, na których odnotowano obecność nawłoci kanadyjskiej wykazała, że roślina ta zasiedla gleby o zróżnicowanej zawartości (2.28-8.50%) materii organicznej oraz o zróżnicowanym odczynie (pH: 4.3-7.5). Charakteryzuje się także szerokim zakresem tolerancji na zawartość metali ciężkich (Pb, Zn, Cu i Mn) w glebie.

EN

In recent years, among the invasive plants there has been noted a greater number of habitats of the Solidago sp. genus on the territory of Poland. The genus is commonly represented by Solidago canadensis L. species. This species was brought to Europe from North America. It grows on the territory of our country in natural and synanthropic habitats. Although there are many literature reports on the invasiveness of Solidago canadensis L., little is known about characteristics of its habitats. Analysis of soil samples taken in the Mińsk Mazowiecki and in the neighborhood at the sites where canadian goldenrod occurred showed that this plant grows in habits of various organic matter content (2.28-8.50%) and of wide range of soil pH (4.3-7.5). It is also tolerant to heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn) in soil.

5

Enrichment ratios of elements in selected plant species from black coal mine dumps in Lower Silesia (Poland)

Samecka-Cymerman A., Kempers A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 3

377-383

EN

Concentration of the metals Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn and V as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and S were measured in soils and in two tree species (leaves of Betula pendula and Salix caprea) and two herbs (whole aboveground parts of Solidago canadensis and Ttanacetum vulgare) sampled from dumps in the Wałbrzych coal mine area (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). These plants, as used to evaluate the distribution of elements in the examined dumps, contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Especially the highest levels of Mn in Betula pendula seriously exceed background values. Betula pendula characterized also the highest enrichment ratio for Mn, Salix caprea for Ni and Sr and Tanacetum vulgare for Cu. Test-t indicated that from both herbs Tanacetum vulgare accumulated much more K, N, S and Zn than Solidago canadensis and of both trees Salix caprea accumulated significantly more Cd, Cu, K and Ca than Betula pendula, while this last species accumulated significantly more Fe and Mn than Salix caprea. A post hoc LSD test indicated that all examined plants had similar enrichment ratios for Al, Pb, and V.