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Metabolity wtórne roślin jako alternatywne pestycydy

Haliński Łukasz

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2019

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nr 1

62--67

PL

Skala zastosowania syntetycznych pestycydów we współczesnym rolnictwie, ich toksyczność oraz negatywny wpływ na środowisko naturalne sprawiają, że poszukiwane są ich naturalne, mniej szkodliwe zamienniki. W artykule opisane są wybrane grupy metabolitów wtórnych roślin, które mogą być zastosowane jako alternatywne pestycydy, z uwzględnieniem ich trwałości w środowisku, toksyczności dla organizmów niedocelowych oraz możliwości wykorzystania do stworzenia produktu szeroko dostępnego na rynku.

EN

Large scale of synthetic pesticides usage in modern agriculture, their toxicity and negative impact on the natural environment are the main reasons to search for their natural, less harmful substitutes. Selected groups of plant secondary metabolites that could be used as alternative pesticides are briefly described in the article, including their persistence in the environment, toxicity for nontarget organisms and the possibility of using them for creating a product that could be commercialised on a larger scale.

2

Fractionation of Cuticular Waxes from the Leaves of Solanaceae Plant Species Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent

Haliński Ł. P., Stepnowski P.

Acta Chromatographica

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2015

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Vol. 27, no. 4

729--741

EN

The microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was applied to a fractionation of cuticular wax extracts from several solanaceous plant species. A procedure developed requires only 0.6 mL of organic solvents and may be completed in less than 10 min. Hydrocarbons, which are frequently used in chemotaxonomy of Solanaceae, were almost exclusively eluted in one fraction. The amounts of most commonly detected polar wax components (alcohols, sterols, triterpenes) in the same fraction were reduced to ca. 34–46% of the total amounts in the whole extract. Despite the contamination of the hydrocarbon fraction with other wax components, the results obtained using MEPS and standard column chromatography on silica gel were similar when compared using cluster analysis based on the hydrocarbon profiles. However, the method was far less successful in removing the sucrose esters from extracts of Nicotiana rustica leaves. Thus, MEPS fractionation of plant cuticular waxes may be a fast and reliable alternative for the standard liquid chromatography techniques as long as no sucrose esters are present in the extract.

3

RP-HPLC analysis of withanolides in the flowers, leaves, and roots of Withania somnifera

Ali N. W, Abouzid S, Nasib A, Khan S., Qureshi J, Choudhary M. I

Acta Chromatographica

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2010

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Vol. 22, no. 3

473--480

EN

Ashwaghanda, Withania somnifera , is one of the most widely used herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. Leaves and roots are the traditionally used parts of the plant. An RP-HPLC method using a binary acetonitrile-water gradient containing 0.1% acetic acid has been developed for analysis of withaferin A. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and used for analysis of the withanolide content of the flowers, leaves, and roots of W. somnifera . The withanolide content was highest in the flowers.