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Krążenie płynów w skałach okruchowych : studium przypadku piaskowców krośnieńskich z rejonu Bereżek (Bieszczady Wysokie)

Solecki Marek L., Waliczek Marta M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

227--230

EN

In this study, microscopic analysis was applied to investigate fluid flow in the Oligocene shale and sandstone samples from the Krosno Beds (Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians) in the Bere¿ki outcrop. Analysis of calcite generation in veins and reflectance of organic matter measurements were done. Three generations of calcite were observed, indicating three stages of fluid migration along the veins in sandstones. Moreover, oil droplets and solid bitumen migration were seen during microscopic analyses. Thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance measurements indicates mature organic matter to hydrocarbon generation.

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Materia organiczna rozproszona w ciemnych turbidytach górnego eocenu płaszczowiny śląskiej (Karpaty zewnętrzne, Polska)

Waliczek Marta, Waśkowska Anna, Machowski Grzegorz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 7

458--462

EN

In this study, weapply microscopic analysis to evaluate thematurity of organic matter and characterise the macerals dispersed in the Upper Eocene shale samples from the Hieroglyphic Formation (Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians). The mean vitrinite reflectance values indicate the presence of organic matter immature to hydrocarbon generation (Ro≈0.43%).The main organic component dispersed in analysed samples is vitrinite, characteristic of kerogen type III.

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An Oligocene olistostrome with exotic clasts in the Silesian Nappe (Outer Ukrainian Carpathians, Uzh River Basin)

Hnylko Oleh, Hnylko Svitlana, Heneralova Larysa, Tsar Maria

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 4

art. no. 47

EN

In the Ukrainian part of the Silesian Nappe (Outer Carpathians, Uzh River Basin) the exotic clast-bearing Uzhok Olistostrome (up to 60 m thick) occurs within the Oligocene Krosno Formation and underlies the Pikui Sandstone (Otryt Sandstone in Poland). The Uzhok Olistostrome consists of debris/grain/mud flow deposits with clasts of schist and bioclastic limestone. These deposits contain redeposited pelagic sediments with planktonic foraminifers including Parogloborotalia pseudocontinuosa (Jenkins), Ciperoella ciperoensis (Bolli), Globoturborotalita woodi (Jenkins), Chiloguembelina adriatica Premec Fucek, Hernitz Kucenjak and Huber. The age of the Uzhok Olistostrome based on planktonic foraminifers correlates with the middle Oligocene within the middle O2–O5 zones. The source area for the Uzhok Olistostrome and Pikui Sandstone was a mid-Oligocene intrabasinal palaeouplift (the Pikui Ridge) interpreted as the fore-bulge located in the Silesian Sub-basin ahead the emerging Outer Carpathian accretionary prism (including the Dukla Nappe and other West Carpathian inner flysch nappes).

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Rocky Sandstone Landforms in Istebna, Silesian Beskid (Outer Carpathians, Poland)

Starzec K., Waśkowska A., Golonka J., Gawęda A., Szopa K.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2018

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nr 1-2 (52-53)

I--XIV

EN

The rocky sandstone landforms, which are interesting geotouristic objects, occur in the eastern part of Istebna village. The series of rock walls and pulpits is located on the southern slopes of the Karolówka Range. Fragments of the upper sandstones of Istebna Formation (Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene) crop out within these rocks. They represent the period of intensive supply of the clastic material into the Outer Carpathian Silesian Basin leading to the origin of thick-bedded , very coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates. The occurrence of large, numerous crystalline rocks is a particular and unique feature of these outcrops. These magmatic and metamorphic rocks were derived from the basement of the Carpathian basins. This paper describes the detailed characteristics of these rocky landform objects.

PL

We wschodniej części wsi Istebna występują piaskowcowe formy skałkowe, które są interesującymi obiektami geoturystycznymi. Są to serie ambon i ścian skalnych znajdujące się w kilku miejscach na południowych zboczach grzbietu Karolówki. W ich obrębie odsłonięte są fragmenty profilu górnych piaskowców formacji istebniańskiej jednostki śląskiej (górna kreda-paleocen), które reprezentują okres intensywnej dostawy materiału okruchowego do karpackiego basenu śląskiego, w efekcie czego powstały serie gruboławicowych i bardzo gruboławicowych piaskowców i zlepieńców. Szczególną cechą związaną z tymi wychodniami jest obecność licznych i dużych bloków skał krystalicznych: magmowych i metamorficznych, pochodzących z erozji podłoża, na którym rozwinęły się baseny karpackie. W niniejszym artykule dokonano charakterystyki jednostkowej tych obiektów skałkowych.

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Structural control on the initiation and development of the Biała Wisełka Landslide Complex (Silesian Beskid, Outer Carpathians, Southern Poland)

Sikora R.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 1

31--48

EN

The numerous landslides which have developed in the mostly Cretaceous to Eocene turbiditic rocks of the Silesian Beskid are genetically and geometrically controlled by bedrock structural features, the Biała Wisełka Landslide Complex being no exception. Its location is in the headwater area of the Wisła River, on the slopes of Mt. Barania Góra (1220 m a.s.l.). The bedrock is represented by flysch strata of the Silesian Nappe (Outer Carpathian Fold-and-Thrust Belt), or, more specifically, the Upper Cretaceous turbiditic Upper Godula and Lower Istebna Beds of the Godula Thrust Sheet. The research work consisted in their mapping and structural analysis, facilitated by the use of a high-resolution digital elevation model based on LiDAR data. A comparative analysis enabled the determination of the relationships between landslides and the bedrock structure. The study results point to significant roles being played by the joint network, fault systems, the structural arrangement and the lithology of rock strata in the initiation and evolution of the studied landslide complex. An additional result of the methods applied methods was the identification and characterization of previously unknown fault zones in the study area.

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The Eocene Hieroglyphic beds of Silesian Nappe in Western Polish Carpathians : development and foraminiferal record

Waśkowska A.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 2

271--299

EN

The sedimentation of Hieroglyphic beds of the Silesian Nappe took place between the Lower and Middle Eocene and Upper Eocene within the Carpathian Silesian Basin. These beds are represented by thin-bedded flysch containing – at various stratigraphic positions – sandstone-less complexes with variegated shales and bentonite laminae developed in conditions of calm sedimentation with a limited supply of material from the land. The profiles of Hieroglyphic beds of the Silesian Nappe are diversely developed. Their variability and borderline sequences, transitory into overlying and underlying divisions, are presented. In the Ypressian, during the sedimentation of Hieroglyphic beds, foraminiferal associations with numerous small sized Trochammina developed, which formed in the Silesian Basin after the PETM crisis. Since the Lutetian, in slightly more favourable conditions, more differentiated associations have occurred, with Reticulophragmium amplectens (Grzybowski), Ammodiscus (Dolgenia) latus (Grzybowski), and Reticulophragmium gerochi Neagu et al., which preferred cool waters, being index fossils for stratigraphy. Hieroglyphic beds developed during an interval of the gradually cooling climate. The gradual decrease in temperature stimulated the transfer of species: in the Eocene associations of Hieroglyphic beds a number of thermophilous forms, whose optimum of development came in the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene, disappeared whereas new species appeared which prefer cold waters commonly occurring in boreal basins. The deep restructuring of foraminiferal assemblages took place in the Priabonian, when massive numbers of calcareous benthonic and planktonic forms occurred.

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Late Cretaceous - Early Palaeogene sandy-to-gravelly debris flows and their sediments in the Silesian Basin of the Alpine Tethys (Western Outer Carpathians, Istebna Formation)

Strzeboński P.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 1

195--214

EN

The study focuses on Upper Cretaceous - Palaeocene deposits from the Beskid Śląski mountain range in southern Poland constituting the Istebna Beds. The Istebna Beds, also referred to as the Istebna Formation, are part of the Silesian tectonic unit, which forms the Outer Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt (part of the Alpine-Carpathian system). The results of qualitative and quantitative lithological-sedimentological studies were the basis for the interpretation of lithofacies types, sedimentary processes and palaeoenvironment as well as for the reconstruction of the architecture of the depositional system. The analysis conducted on the basis of field description of the deposits shows the prevalence (nearly 70%) of siliciclastic strata representing a sandstone-conglomerate association (S-C), which is the main subject of this work. The S-C lithofacies: sandstones, gravelly sandstones, sandy conglomerates and conglomerates constitute the deposits formed mostly by mass gravity-flows such as sandy-to-gravelly debris flows. The distribution of the coarse-clastic material indicates a sediment supply from southerly directions and implies the presence of an active source area in the rear part of the Silesian Basin. A succession of the sandstone-to-conglomerate deposits with the secondary participation of other lithofacies, with a thickness of approximately two thousand metres, indicates temporary increased diastrophic activity in the Silesian Ridge (source area) and the intense denudation of this area. The uplift of the alimentation area and its destruction coinciding with enforced relative regression and the uncovering of the proximal depositional zone of the basin led to resedimentation of the older intrabasinal material and repeated mass deposition together with delivery of extraclasts of pre-existing rocks and minerals. The lithofacies development of the sandstone-to-conglomerate debrites and the related sedimentary palaeotransport directions suggest an accumulation domain in the form of a linear apron depositional system developed in a deep-water setting. Experimental modelling of subaqueous sandy flows has contributed to a better understanding of the complex genesis of deep-water sediment gravity flows developing in depositional systems rich in sand material.

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Evidence of bacteriogenic iron and manganese oxyhydroxides in Albian-Cenomanian marine sediments of the Carpathian realm (Poland)

Bąk M., Bąk K., Górny Z., Stożek B.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 2

371--385

EN

The Albian and Cenomanian marine sediments of the Silesian and Tatric basins in the Carpathian realm of the Western Tethys contain ferric and ferromanganese oxyhydroxides, visible macroscopically as brown stainings. They coat calcareous bioclasts and mineral clasts, fill pore spaces, or locally form continuous, parallel microlayers, tens of micrometers thick. Light-microscope (LM) and scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) obser- vations show that the coatings contain elongated capsules, approximately 3–5 µm across and enriched in iron and manganese, which may be remnants of the original sheaths of iron-related bacteria (IRB). Moreover, the ferric and ferromanganese staining observed under LM is similar to bacterial structures, resembling the sheaths, filaments and rods formed by present-day bacteria of the Sphaerotilus–Leptothrix group. All of the possible bacteria-like structures are well preserved owing to processes of early diagenetic cementation. If the observed structures are fossil IRB, these organisms could have played an important role in iron and manganese accumulation on the sea floor during Albian–Cenomanian time. The most plausible source of metals for bacterial concentration in the Silesian Basin might have been submarine low-temperature hydrothermal vents, as previously was hypothesized for Cenomanian–Turonian deposits on the basis of geochemical indices.

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The Eocene Hieroglyphic beds and Green shales in the Rożnów Lake area (Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians) - facies development and biostratigraphy

Waśkowska A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

5--26

EN

In the lithostratigraphic section of a sedimentary sequence of the Silesian Nappe in the area of Rożnów Lake, the strata that occur above the Ciężkowice sandstone and below the Globigerina marls are represented by a relatively thin unit informally named the Hieroglyphic beds and a succeeding thick complex of so-called Green shales. The Hieroglyphic beds, deposited over a short time interval during the Lutetian time (Reticulophragmium amplectens zone), are followed by the Green shales that were deposited from the Lutetian to the Priabonian (Reticulophrgamium amplectens, Ammodisus latus, Reticulophragmium rotundidorstum zones). This work describes the foraminiferal assemblages, on the basis of which, the age of the Green shales was established that in the area of Rożnów Lake. Deposition of the Green shale unit started in the Lutetian, while in other regions of the Silesian Basin it is documented from the Priabonian. The upper boundary of the Green shales is isochronous and defined by the base of the calcareous horizon of a specific type of marls known as the Globigerina marls.

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Lithistid spicules in the sediments of the Turonian Variegated Shale in the Silesian Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians

Okoński S., Górny Z., Bąk M., Bąk K.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

33--48

EN

Turbiditic silty and sandy intercalations in the Turonian Variegated Shale from the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians) contain numerous sponge spicules among siliciclastic fine-grained particles. The highest amount of spicule admixture is nearly 50%. In such layers, they create spiculitic sublitharenite microfacies. These sponge spicules contain forms belonging mostly to the Lithistida group (97% of morphotypes), with a small admixture of spicules from the Hexactinellidae group. Tetraclones with a high content of different types of triaenes dominate among desmas, what indicates the dominance of sponges from subfamily Tetracladina. The preservation state of spicules is generally poor. The Variegated Shale deposits that contain the sponge spicules were accumulated in a deep sea basin, below the calcium compensation depth. Most probably, the spicules were derived from loose material accumulated earlier in various parts of the basin slopes, from which they were exhumed and again redeposited by turbidity currents during the Turonian times.

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Geopark „Beskid Śląsko-Morawsko-Żywiecki”- najstarsze utwory Karpat fliszowych

Golonka J., Krobicki M., Miśkiewicz K., Slomka T., Waśkowska A., Doktor M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 5

277--285

EN

The oldest flysch deposits are the leading theme of the planned "Silesian-Moravian-Żywiec Beskid" Geopark. The geopark is located in the area of Beskid Śląski Mts. and Beskid Żywiecki Mts. in the territory ofPoland. This is a region of the occurrence of a number of tectonic units of the Outer Carpathians, including Pieniny Klippen Belt, Magura Nappe (with Krynica, Bystrica, Raca and Siary tec- tonic-facies zones), Fore-Magura Unit, Silesian Nappe and Subsilesian Nappe. Geodiversity of this area is defined by well-exposed sections ofrocks. They were the sites ofclassical geological work in the 19th century. Within the geopark boundaries, there are the type localities of the following tectonic units: Silesian Nappe, Fore-Magura, Bystrica and Raca units, as well as Jaworzynka, Bystrica, Vyhylovka, Vendryne and Cieszyn Limestone formations, Malinowska Skala Conglomerate, Mutne Sandstone, and Cisownica Shale members. Landslides, attractive geomorphologic landforms (e.g., highest peaks of the Beskidy Mts., providing magnificent views), waterfalls, diversified river valleys, tors, caves as well as places associated with the history and tradition of this region represent geotouristic attractions with a high potential. They will be included in the network ofgeosites protected within the planned geopark. Analysis ofthe geopark area indicates a high degree of variability of natural values, especially its geodiversity and richness of the historical-cultural heritage. The preservation and protection methods are also diversified. This region represents unique geoenvironmental and historical values on the European scale, therefore offering good chances for establishment of geopark. The documentation of geosites has already been gathered at this stage of work. The information requires only updating, minor additions and construction ofa unified database. The evaluation ofthe current touristic infrastructure have also brought very positive results; the area isfrequented by millions oftouristsfrom Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and other countries.

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Provenance of Lower Cretaceous deposits of the western part of the Silesian Nappe in Poland (Outer Carpathians): evidence from geochemistry

Wójcik-Tabol P., Ślączka A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2013

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Vol. 83, No. 2

113–-132

EN

The turbiditic to hemipelagic, fine-grained deposits of the Hradiště Formation (Hauterivian, 132 Ma) to the Lhoty Formation (Albian–Cenomanian, 99 Ma) in the western part of the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Car- pathians) were studied mineralogically and geochemically to determine if the main factors controlling the chemistry of the sedimentary material can be attributed to provenance, or to post-depositional processes. A high degree of weathering of the source rocks is indicated by the chemical index of alteration (CIA) that varies from 75.98 to 89.86, and Th/U ratios (~4 with outliers at 1.85 and >6). The cooccurrence of rounded and unabraded grains of zircon and rutile, the enrichment in Zr and Hf, as well as the high Zr/Sc ratios suggest that the Hradiště and Veřovice Formations contain recycled material. Plots of La/Th versus Hf and Th against Sc show that samples occur in the field of felsic and mixed felsic/basic sources. On a ternary La–Th–Sc diagram, all of the sediments studied are referable to the continental island-arc field. The European Plate, as an alimentary area, has a mosaic structure consisting of Cadomian and Variscan elements. The Proto-Silesian Ridge was detached from the continent, because of rifting. Therefore, it could have corresponded to a continental island arc. The concentrations of Fe and trace metals (e.g., Mo, Au, Cu) in the Veřovice Formation and silica and potassium additions to the Veřovice and Lhoty Formations, as well as the fractionation of REE, and Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Y can be explained by the action of basinal brines. The fluids were of hydrothermal origin and/or were released, owing to the dewatering of clay minerals. Diagenetic processes could have exerted a greater influence on sedimentary rock chemistry than the provenance and sedimentary processes. A distinction between primary, terrigenous elements and those changed diagenetically is necessary for the reliable determination of provenance.

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Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and sedimentary environment of Valanginian–Hauterivian rhythmites (Silesian Nappe, Polish Carpathians)

Kędzierski M., Ochabska A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 3

225–-237

EN

The results of semi-quantitative and qualitative studies of nannofossil assemblages in dark to light grey, rhythmically bedded, calcareous mudstones of the Upper Cieszyn Beds, Silesian Nappe of the Outer Carpathians are presented. The vertical variation in the carbonate content of these mudstones and changes in the composition of nannofossil assemblages, as well as the Shannon diversity index (SI), result from humid-arid climate changes, driving the trophic conditions of surface waters and nannoplankton biocalcification. These changes were control- led by the variable influences of both the Tethyan and Boreal provinces. The light grey mudstones were deposited during the dominance of warm waters from the Tethyan realm and some nannoconids, typical of the warm, stratified water of lower palaeolatitudes, occur here. The dark grey mudstones represent influences of the Boreal province, indicated by the appearance of Crucibiscutum sp. and a generally higher biodiversity demonstrated by SI. Climatic changes affected the stratification of surface water, expressed also by different linear fits for pairs of SI, Watznaueria barnesiae and Rhagodiscus asper. On the basis of the presence of Eiffellithus striatus, E. windii and signals of both Tethyan and Boreal influences. the section studied represents the uppermost Valanginian– lowermost Hauterivian boundary interval, i.e., the upper part of the BC5/BC6 nannofossil zones, related to the furcillata-radiatus ammonite zones.

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Walory i formy ochrony przyrody na Pogórzu Ciężkowickim

Gruszka I.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 2/1

77-86

EN

The animate and inanimate nature monuments of the Pogórze Ciężkowickie are described in this paper, according to general geographic and geological setting. One of the famous objects in the vicinity of Ciężkowice is "Rocky Town" Nature Reserve. Many type of tors occur in this area, which are mainly built by Ciężkowice Sandstones (Paleocene-Eocene), which belong to Silesian Nappe of the Outer Flysch Carpathians.

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Provenance and diagenesis of siliciclastic and organic material in the Albian-Turonian sediments (Silesian Nappe, Lanckorona, Outer Carpathians, Poland): preliminary studies

Wójcik-Tabol P., Ślączka A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2009

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Vol. 79, No 1

53-66

EN

The provenance and diagenesis of the siliciclastic and hemipelagic sediments of three lithostratigraphic units: Lhoty Formation, Barnasiówka Radiolarian Shale Formation (BRSF) and Variegated Shales from Lancko- rona area, Polish Outer Carpathians, was approached by means of petrological and geochemical analysis of the representative samples. Data show that studied succession was mainly derived from two sources: 1. a dominant terrigenous fine-grained components have affinity with average upper continental crust (basing on mineral detritus, K2O/Rb ratio and Y/Ni vs. Cr/V ratios) and 2. biogenic siliceous material and macerals. Composition varies up section and accounts for changes in the detrital supply due to eustatic sea-evel changes. Organic petrology shows presence of organic detritus within the Lhoty Fm and dominance of marine-derived macerals in the BRSF. Chemical and petrological features imply a progressive deepening of the basin. The studied succession was diagenetically altered (e.g. coalification of bituminite, illitisation of smectite and pyritisation).

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Tektonika polskich Karpat fliszowych pomiędzy Bielskiem-Białą a Nowym Targiem

Golonka J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2007

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T. 33, z. 4/1

29-38

PL

Przedmiotem pracy są Karpaty zewnętrzne pomiędzy Bielskiem-Białą a Nowym Targiem. Zbudowane są one z silnie, płaszczowinowo sfałdowanych osadów fliszowych wieku jury górnej - neogenu. Wśród płaszczowin Karpat zewnętrznych wyróżnia się (idąc od południa): jednostkę (płaszczowinę) magurską, grupę płaszczowin przedmagurskich, płaszczowiny śląską, podśląską i skolską (grupa średnia). Jednostka magurska od południa, wzdłuż linii Stare Bystre - Szaflary, graniczy z pienińskim pasem skałkowym. Jest nasunięta na jednostki grupy średniej - wielkość nasunięcia wynosi co najmniej 20 km. Strefa przedmagurska ciągnie się wąskim pasem z rejonu Milówki w kierunku na południowe zbocze Beskidu Małego, gdzie zanika. Płaszczowina śląska podzielona jest wzdłuż uskoku Skawy na dwa odcinki. Zachodni charakteryzuje się potężnym rozwojem kredowych piaskowców godulskich, we wschodnim odsłaniają się na znaczniejszym obszarze warstwy krośnieńskie. Płaszczowina podśląska występuje w postaci porozrywanych strzępów i płatów pojawiających się u brzegu płaszczowiny śląskiej, jak również w oknach tektonicznych w obrębie jednostki śląskiej. Jednostka skolska występuje na północ od Wadowic i Andrychowa, gdzie tworzy element łuskowo nasunięty na miocen zapadliska przedkarpackiego.

EN

The Polish Outer Carpathians between Bielsko-Biała and Nowy Targ are built up from the thrust, imbricated Upper Jurassic - Neogene flysch deposits. The following Outer Carpathian nappes have been distinguished: Magura Nappe, Fore-Magura group of nappes, Silesian, Subsilesian and Skole Nappes. The Magura Nappe borders along Stare Bystre-Szaflary line with the Pieniny Klippen Belt. It is thrust over the Fore-Magura and Silesian nappes at least 20 km. The Skawa line system of faults displaces the Magura Nappe margin 2 km northward. The Fore-Magura narrow zone runs from Milówka to the southern slope of Beskid Mały, where disappears from the surface. The Silesian Nappe is devided into two segments along the Skawa fault. The western one is characterized by the development of Cretaceous Godula Sandstones, eastern by the occurrence of Krosno Beds. The Sub-Silesian Nappe occurs as broken pieces along the northern margin of the Silesian Nappe, as well as in the tectonic windows within the Silesian Nappe. The Skole Unit is thrust over the Miocene deposits of Carpathian Foredeep in the area north of Wadowice and Andrychów.

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Fold-thrust-belt geometry and detailed structural evolution of the Silesian nappe - eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians (Bieszczady Mts.)

Rubinkiewicz J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2007

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Vol. 57, no. 4

479-508

EN

On the basis of field studies of mesoscopic structures, and analysis of radar and aerial photos together with seismic data, the structure and structural evolution of a part of the Silesian nappe was established. In the study area the Silesian nappe comprises two tectonic units: the Central Carpathian Depression and the Fore-Dukla thrust sheet, separated by a fault. The Central Carpathian Depression is built of several mapscale slices. The slices comprise map-scale NE-verging anticlines, with additional synclines to the south-east. The slices are separated by steeply dipping forelimb-thrusts, which connect together at a depth of ca. 6-7 km into a single sole thrust and form a leading imbricate fan. To the west of the Rabe-Baligród fault zone the fault between the Central Carpathian Depression and the Fore-Dukla thrust sheet is a typical thrust. Eastwards from this fault zone it becomes a steeply NE-dipping normal fault. The Silesian nappe is cut by map-scale oblique and transverse, mainly strike-slip faults - some of them are tear faults. Longitudinal strike-slip faults indicate dextral movement along the pre-existing thrusts. The structural evolution of the Silesian nappe comprises here eight pre-, syn- and post-orogenic stages beginning with the formation of clastic veins, followed by folding, thrusting, strike-slip faulting and terminating with normal faulting.

18

Budowa geologiczna rejonu Sucha Beskidzka - Świnna Poręba (polskie Karpaty fliszowe)

Cieszkowski M., Golonka J., Waśkowska-Oliwa A., Chrustek M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2006

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T. 32, z. 2

155-201

PL

W budowie geologicznej terenu, który rozciąga się wzdłuż doliny Skawy pomiędzy Suchą Beskidzką a Świnną Porębą, biorą udział górnokredowe i paleogeńskie utwory płaszczowiny śląskiej i płaszczowiny magurskiej. Serię śląską tworzą tu środkowe i górne warstwy godulskie, warstwy istebniańskie, pstre łupki eoceńskie i piaskowce ciężkowickie oraz warstwy hieroglifowe, menilitowe i krośnieńskie. W tych ostatnich zaobserwowano spływy typu derbis-flow z otoczakami skał egzotycznych i wielkimi olistolitami. Płaszczowina magurska jest zbudowana z sukcesji osadowej typowej dla tzw. podjednostki Siar. Autorzy zaproponowali dla jej jednostek litostratygraficznych formalizację nazw. Zgodnie z zaproponowaną formalizacją w jej sukcesji osadowej wyróżnia się formację z Jaworzynki (warstwy ropianieckie) z ogniwami łupków z Gołyni i piaskowców z Mutnego w paleoceńskiej części profilu, formację z Łabowej z ogniwami piaskowców z Żurawnicy i ze Skawiec, formację beloweską oraz formację makowską z ogniwem łupków zembrzyckich, piaskowców wątkowskich i łupków budzowskich. Utwory płaszczowin śląskiej i magurskiej są sfałdowane, a w płaszczowinie magurskiej można wyróżnić kilka łusek i podłużnych zluźnień. Utwory obu tych jednostek pocięte są systemem uskoków poprzecznych, a u czoła nasunięcia płaszczowiny magurskiej część dyslokacji jest przejęta od płaszczowiny śląskiej. Płaszczowina ta posiada swój niezależny system uskoków.

EN

Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks of the Silesian and Magura Nappes build up the complex structure of the investigated area, which is stretching along the Skawa River valley between Sucha Beskidzka and Świnna Poręba. Middle and Upper Godula Beds, Istebna Beds, Eocene red shales and Ciężkowice Sandstone as well as Hieroglyphic, Menilite and Krosno Beds form the Silesian Succession. The debris-flow deposits with exotic rocks pebbles and large olistolites were observed within the Krosno Beds. The sedimentary succession is typical for the Siary sub-unit from the Magura Nappe. The present authors proposed the formal lithostratigraphic names for this unit. According to this formalization the following lithostratigraphic units have been distinguished within the Siary succession: Jaworzynka Formation (Ropianka Beds) with Gołynia Shale member and Mutne Sandstone Member within the Paleocene part of profile, Łabowa Formation with the Żurawnica Sandstone Member, the Skawce Sandstone Member, Beloveza Formation, and Maków Beskid Formation with Zembrzyce Shale Member, Wątkowa Sandstone Member and Budzów Shale Member. The Silesian and Magura Nappes rocks are strongly folded; within the Magura Nappes several scales and longitudinal shear zones have been distinguished. The formations of both units are cut by the transversal fault systems of The Magura Nappe has the independent fault systems, some of its dislocations have been acquired, however, from the Silesian Nappe.

19

Zastosowanie cyfrowego modelu terenu (DEM) w badaniach geologicznych na przykładzie obszaru między Dobczycami a Mszaną Dolną (polskie Karpaty zewnętrzne)

Chodyń R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

315-320

EN

This paper is a preliminary report on using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Shaded Relief Image in geological mapping in the Carpathians. Digital processing of the topographical maps in 1:25 000 scale enabled 3D visualization of a fragment of olish Outer Carpathians, situated between Dobczyce and Mszana Dolna villages. This permitted a preliminary interpretation of lin - eaments occurring in the study area and recognition of correlation between the lineaments and geological structure of the Carpathians Flysch Units. The picture of the Shaded Relief Image was compared with existing remote sensing data such as radar and satellite images, and with results of geological mapping carried out by author in the field. The recognized lineaments can reflect fault zones in the flysch cover and in the consolidated basement. The correlation of lineaments detected in the digital models with discontinuities confirmed in outcrops demonstrates the value of digital methods in geological cartography.

20

Diageneza piaskowców wschodniej części jednostki śląskiej

Leśniak G.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2004

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nr 130

103

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań mineralogiczno-petrograficznych piaskowców wierzowskich, lgockich, istebniańskich, ciężkowickich, kliwskich i krośnieńskich z wschodniej części jednostki śląskiej. Wyróżniono i opisano procesy diagenetyczne (akrecja, kompakcja mechaniczna, chemiczna, cementacja, rozpuszczanie, zastępowanie, przeobrażanie, neomorfizm) występujące w badanych piaskowcach.

EN

The results of mineralogical-petrographical investigation of wierzowskie, lgota, istebna, ciężkowickie, kliwa and krosno sandstones of eastern part of the Silesian Nappe are presented. It is possible to distinguish in investigated sandstones the following diagenetic processes: accretion, mechanic compaction, chemical compaction, cementation, dissolution, replacement, transformation and noemorphism.