Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The selling price of raw material surpluses in an n-person market game model – exemplified by copper raw materials

Krzak Mariusz

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

|

2023

|

T. 39, z. 1

149--171

EN

Mineral-resource mining is a pillar of many state economies and, in many cases, it determines the welfare of the society. The mining of mineral resources provides the market with the raw materials that are traded and drives the economic and social development of countries, although it can also be a source of tensions and crises (e.g. the “curse of wealth”, “Dutch disease”). The trade of raw materials is conducted by exchanges, bilateral deals and other forms of transactions, and is regulated by trade regulations and contract agreements, and in most cases, constitutes a source of income for exporters. In this paper, the use of game-theory modelling for creating the selling price of mineral products on the basis of Polish export quotas for refined copper raw materials is proposed. Using a characteristic function created on the basis of reported export values, possible cooperation arrangements are defined and solutions are calculated for an n-person game of hypothetical coalitions of the major (in terms of volume) recipients of refined Polish copper, i.e. Germany, Italy and France. Alternative markets and possible supplies of cheaper raw material are excluded from the analyses, while the price spread between the rates paid by the buyers is taken into consideration. Among the many possibilities, the game core, the Shapley imputation and the Gately point are arbitrarily adopted as permissible solutions to the defined system. The obtained results are used for a speculative analysis relating to the possibility of renegotiating prices between the producer and recipients of the raw material. Marginal contributions resulting from Shapley’s solution are taken into account as is the power of individual trading-participant coalitions. The paper demonstrates that the recognition and adoption of solutions based on the n-personnel game model as impartial would require the redefinition of contracts and the rates paid for the raw material.

PL

Górnictwo kopalin bywa filarem gospodarek państw i decyduje niekiedy o poziomie dobrobytu społeczeństw. Produkcja górnicza, przeróbka i przetwórstwo kopalin dostarcza na rynek pożądane surowce, będące przedmiotem obrotu handlowego, warunkując rozwój gospodarczo-społeczny krajów, jakkolwiek bywa też źródłem napięć i kryzysów (np. klątwa bogactw, choroba holenderska). Obrót surowcowy, realizowany za pośrednictwem sformalizowanych rynków (giełd), wymian bilateralnych bądź innych form transakcji jest na ogół źródłem przychodów dla eksporterów i co równie ważne ujęty jest w karby regulacji handlowych i umów kontraktowych. W artykule, na bazie kwot eksportowych rafinowanych surowców miedzi z Polski, zaproponowano wykorzystanie modelowania teoriogrowego w zagadnieniu kreowania ceny sprzedaży produktów mineralnych. Za pomocą funkcji charakterystycznej, skonstruowanej na bazie raportowanych wartości eksportu, zdefiniowano możliwe układy kooperacyjne a następnie skalkulowano rozwiązania n-osobowej gry dla hipotetycznych koalicji, największych tonażowo odbiorców miedzi rafinowanej z Polski: Niemiec, Włoch i Francji. Przyjęto w analizie brak istnienia alternatywnych rynków i możliwych dostaw tańszego surowca stamtąd oraz uwzględniono rozrzut cenowy pomiędzy stawkami płaconymi przez nabywców. Spośród wielu możliwości, rdzeń gry, imputacja Shapleya oraz punkt Gatelytego zostały arbitralnie przyjęte jako dopuszczalne rozwiązania zdefiniowanego układu. Uzyskane wyniki wykorzystano do spekulatywnej analizy odnoszącej się do sposobności renegocjacji cen pomiędzy producentem a odbiorcami surowca. Uwzględniono w rozważaniach wkłady marginalne wynikające z rozwiązania Shapleya, jak również wzięto pod uwagę siłę koalicyjną poszczególnych uczestników obrotu. Wskazano, że uznanie i przyjęcie jako bezstronne rozwiązań opartych na modelu gry n-osobowej wymagałoby redefiniowania umów oraz stawek kwotowych płaconych za surowiec.

2

Deciphering Clinical Narratives - Augmented Intelligence for Decision Making in Healthcare Sector

Dey Lipika, Jana Sudeshna, Dasgupta Tirthankar, Gupta Tanay

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

|

2023

|

Vol. 35

11--24

EN

Clinical notes that describe details about diseases, symptoms, treatments and observed reactions of patients to them, are valuable resources to generate insights about the effectiveness of treatments. Their role in designing better clinical decision making systems is being increasingly acknowledged. However, availability of clinical notes is still an issue due to privacy violation concerns. Hence most of the work done are on small datasets and neither the power of machine learning is fully utilized, nor is it possible to vaidate the models properly. With the availability of Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III v1.4) dataset for researchers though, the problem has been somewhat eased. In this paper we have presented an overview of our earlier work on designing deep neural models for prediction of outcomes and hospital stay for patients using MIMIC data. We have also presented new work on patient stratification and explanation generation for patient cohorts. This is early work targeted towards studying trajectories for treatment for different cohorts of patients, which can ultimately lead to discovery of low-risk models for individual patients to ensure better outcomes.

3

A decision making support system in logistics cooperation using a modified VIKOR method under an intuituinistic fuzzy environment

Tatarczak Anna

LogForum

|

2020

|

Vol. 16, no. 2

251--260

EN

Background: This paper proposes a novel hybrid group decision making methodology to solve a coalition-formation problem for cooperative replenishment with multiple firms to achieve operational efficiency. We consider a case of horizontal cooperation between firms, and we investigate the profitability of horizontal cooperation when designing collaborative contracts. Methods: This study presents the application of a hybrid approach for group decision support for the coalition-formation problem. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory have been integrated to provide group decision support under consensus achievement. In addition, this study employs the entropy method to identify the weights of the decision makers. Results: The proposed integrated approach has been further studied through an illustrative example. The decision procedure used here is simply structured so that it may easily be implemented with a computer. Conclusions: This research may be beneficial to decision makers, researchers and organizations in helping them to understand project based evaluation in order to design and plan better horizontal cooperation.

PL

Wstęp: W artykule zaproponowano nową metodologię podejmowania decyzji dotyczących tworzenia koalicji między wieloma firmami w celu osiągnięcia wydajności operacyjnej. Rozważany jest przypadek horyzontalnej współpracy między firmami, a następnie badana jest opłacalność współpracy horyzontalnej przy projektowaniu umów o współpracę. Metody: W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie podejścia hybrydowego do wspomagania decyzji grupowych w przypadku problemu koalicji. Zintegrowano wielokryterialne podejmowanie decyzji (MCDM) i intuicyjną teorię zbiorów rozmytych (IFS), aby zapewnić grupowe wsparcie decyzji przy osiągnięciu konsensusu. Ponadto zastosowano metodę entropii do identyfikacji wag osób podejmujących decyzje. Wyniki: Proponowane zintegrowane podejście zostało poddane dalszej analizie za pomocą przykładu. Zastosowana tutaj procedura decyzyjna ma prostą strukturę, dzięki czemu można ją łatwo wdrożyć za pomocą komputera. Wnioski: Badania te mogą być korzystne dla decydentów, badaczy i organizacji, pomagając im zaprojektować i zaplanować współpracę horyzontalną.

4

The interval Shapley value of an M/M/1 service system

E C. G., Li Q. L., Li S.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

|

2017

|

Vol. 27, no. 3

549--562

EN

Service systems and their cooperation are one of the most important and hot topics in management and information sciences. To design a reasonable allocation mechanism of service systems is the key issue in the cooperation of service systems. In this paper, we systematically introduce the interval Shapley value as cost allocation of cooperative interval games ,[...] arising from cooperation in a multi-server service system, and provide an explicit expression for the interval Shapley value of cooperative interval games [...]. We construct an interval game [...] of a service system which shares the same value for the grand coalition with the original interval game, by using the characteristic function which is dominated by the function of the original interval game. Finally, we prove that the interval game [...] is concave, which means that the interval Shapley value of the interval game [...] is in the interval core of this interval game, and illustrate this conclusion by using numerical examples.

5

A cooperative game approach applied to the furniture supply chain of clusters for improving its competitive value: a case study

Ram´ırez-Rios D. G., Puello-Pereira N., Ferro-Correa J., Sankar-Sana S.

Control and Cybernetics

|

2016

|

Vol. 45, no. 1

95--110

EN

The paper studies a cooperative game, which is being played among the ﬁrms, involved in furniture industries, belonging to the same cluster. Due to the increased competition at the local and global levels, cooperation among the business entities is practically the only way to survive in the cluster. Consequently, a cooperative game model is proposed for the ﬁrms, associated in a vertical channel, where its performance indices are measured by one of its indicators of competitiveness at an entrepreneurial level versus the value of the cluster itself. As a case study, a competitive value analysis is done for the Colombian furniture cluster by indicating the characteristics and existing conditions of the cluster in the department of Atlantico in Colombia. Moreover, this paper analyzes and establishes an optimal feasible solution of cooperative game among the principal ﬁrms using Shapley value method.

6

Wybrane metody teorii decyzji w negocjacjach warunków współpracy przedsiębiorstw wydobywczych na przykładzie sektora naftowego

Byrska-Rąpała A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

|

2014

|

nr 88

43--58

PL

Proces globalizacji powoduje, że coraz więcej firm decyduje się na zawieranie aliansów strategicznych z partnerami, którzy często konkurują na tym samym rynku. Celami zawierania sojuszy strategicznych są: poprawa pozycji konkurencyjnej, uzyskanie dostępu do nowych rynków, dostęp do nowych technologii lub know-how, podział ryzyka i kosztów dużych projektów inwestycyjnych. Głównym problemem w tworzeniu układu partnerskiego jest uzgodnienie wzajemnie akceptowanych warunków współpracy, które zagwarantują zachowanie równowagi pomiędzy partnerami. Poszukiwanie „narzędzi" wspomagających procesy negocjacyjne powodują, że menedżerowie sięgają do technik z obszaru teorii decyzji. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane metody: koncepcja oczekiwanego efektu finansowego EMV do negocjacji układów partnerskich typu farm-out, możliwość zastosowania funkcji użyteczności w ocenie optymalnego udziału w ryzykownych przedsięwzięciach, wartość Shapleya jako metoda sprawiedliwego podziału zysku w grze kooperacyjnej. Praktyczne zastosowanie tych metod zilustrowano przykładami dla sektora naftowego.

EN

The globalization causes that more and more companies decide to form strategic alliances with partners who often compete on the same market. Through strategic alliances, companies can improve competitive position, gain entry to new markets, access to new technology or know-how and share the risk or costs of major investment projects. The main problem during the creation of the partnership is to agree on mutually acceptable conditions of cooperation which will ensure a balance between the partners. Looking for "tools" that can help in the negotiating processes causes that the managers dive into the techniques in the area of decision theory. The article presents selected methods: the concept of the expected financial effect EMV to negotiate partnerships farm-out, the possibility of using the utility function to calculate the optimal participation in risky projects, Shapley value as a method of equitable distribution of profits of the cooperative game. Practical application of this methods are exemplified in the petroleum sector.

7

Banzhaf value for games analyzing voting with rotation

Sosnowska H.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2014

|

Vol. 24, No. 4

75--88

EN

The voting procedure has been presented with rotation scheme used by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank as it enlarges to accommodate new members of the economic and monetary union. The main game theoretical approaches have been presented elsewhere. That paper considered the Shapley value computed in accordance with these approaches. The Banzhaf value has been analysed and the results compared with the results for the Shapley value.

8

Analysis of the voting method used in the European Central Bank

Sosnowska H.

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2013

|

Vol. 23, No. 1

75--86

EN

Game theoreticians usually deal with standard voting methods such as plurality voting or approval voting. In reality however, some complicated non-standard voting methods are used. In this paper the voting method and rotation scheme have been presented used by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB), as it enlarges to accommodate new members of the economic and monetary union. We present game theoretical approaches for analyzing this method and different methods of computing the Shapley value for games connected with voting under such rotation schemes.

9

Wykorzystanie wartości Shapleya w trakcie planowania projektów innowacyjnych

Janicki T.

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

|

2013

|

T. 8, nr 1

239--247

EN

Article refers to the issue of implementation of EU projects characterized by high level of innovation. Th is document also refers to the concept of Shapley value described on the basis of game theory. The author of this work demonstrates the ability to connect the two issues. Considerations are based on theoretical knowledge and case studies.

10

Equity properties of the Shapley value as a power index

Malawski M.

Control and Cybernetics

|

2002

|

Vol. 31, no 1

117-127

EN

We study power indices for simple games which have the following "uniform transfer property" : when only one losing coalition in a game becomes winning, worths of all other coalitions remaining unchanged, the index increases equally for all players in that coalition and decreases equally for all players not in that coalition. We show that both for superadditive simple games and for all simple games there is only one such index : the Shapley-Shubik index, the restriction of Shapley value to the class of simple games. Moreover, the proof of this fact does not even require the standard assumption of symmetry of power indices which can be replaced by a weaker equal treatment condition.