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Analysis of Failure Process of Maraging Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

Piekło Jarosław, Garbacz-Klempka Aldona

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

1107--1116

EN

An investigation of the failure process of maraging steel grade X3NiCoTi18-9-5 produced by the SLM method that is subjected to various three-dimensional stress-states has been carried out. In this paper, deformations and damage evolution are analysed experimentally and numerically. Three microstructures of the SLM steel were obtained after the appropriate heat treatment. Tensile tests of smooth specimens and axisymmetric notched specimens have been performed. Numerical models of the samples with ring notches were made in order to determine the stress state and displacement field in the notch area at the moment of the sample’s breakage as well as to compare the experimentally determined effective strain in the notch after the sample’s breakage with the deformation being calculated on the basis of the numerical solution. As a result of the research, it was found that the type of fracture of samples obtained from X3NiCoTi18-9-5 steel powder by the SLM method depends on the size of the ring notch’s radius. Based on the performed numerical calculations and experimental tests, it was found that, for each of the analysed variants of heat treatment, it was possible to indicate the approximate limit value of triaxiality factor Tf, above which there is a scrap of brittle X3NiCoTi18-9-5 steel produced by the SLM method. This value is determined by the characteristic bending of the function that determines the relationship between triaxiality factor Tf and effective strain eeff.

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Hot isostatic pressing influence on the mechanical properties of selectively laser-melted 316L steel

Kluczyński J., Śnieżek L., Grzelak K., Oziębło A., Perkowski K., Torzewski J., Szachogłuchowicz I., Gocman K., Wachowski M., Kania B.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 6

1413--1424

EN

Industries that rely on additive manufacturing of metallic parts, especially biomedical companies, require material science-based knowledge of how process parameters and methods affect the properties of manufactured elements, but such phenomena are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters and additional heat treatment on mechanical properties. The research included structural analysis of residual stress, microstructure, and scleronomic hardness in low-depth measurements. Tensile tests with specimen deformation analysis using digital image correlation (DIC) were performed as well. Experiment results showed it was possible to observe the porosity growth mechanism and its influence on the material strength. Specimens manufactured with 20% lower energy density had almost half the elongation, which was directly connected with the porosity growth during energy density reduction. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment allowed for a significant reduction of porosity and helped achieve properties similar to specimens manufactured using different levels of energy density.

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Selective Laser Melting of H13-TiB2 metal matrix composites - the role of volumetric energy density

Grzesiak Dariusz, AlMangour Bandar, Figiel Paweł, Fryska Sebastian

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

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2019

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no. 1

47--52

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of the volumetric energy density delivered during the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of a mixture of H13 tool steel powder and microcrystalline TiB2 , on the properties of the obtained metallic matrix composite. The results of measurements of density and hardness as well as microscopic analysis of six variants of the obtained composite, differing in the value of energy density provided by the laser beam and the number of passes of this beam on each fused layer, are presented. The results show that, in the case of a metallic matrix composite, the increase in the volumetric energy density supplied during the SLM process can lead to the deterioration of the material properties.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę wpływu objętościowej gęstości energii dostarczanej podczas selektywnego stapiania laserowego mieszaniny proszku stali H13 oraz mikrokrystalicznego TiB2 na właściwości uzyskanego w ten sposób kompozytu w osnowie metalicznej. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów gęstości i twardości oraz analizę mikroskopową sześciu wariantów otrzymanego kompozytu, różniących się wartością gęstości energii dostarczonej przez wiązkę lasera i ilością przejść tej wiązki na każdej stapianej warstwie. Wyniki pokazują, że w przypadku kompozytu w osnowie metalicznej zwiększanie objętościowej gęstości energii dostarczanej przy stapianiu może prowadzić do pogorszenia właściwości materiału.

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Characteristics of titanium alloys used in the SLM additive technology

Szczepański Łukasz, Pilarczyk Wirginia, Ambroziak Andrzej

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 3

31--38

EN

The article presents an overview of titanium alloys presently used in the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. In the article, particular attention is paid to obtained strength properties and structural transformations of materials used in the tests. The article also presents the application potential of individual alloys and discusses the SLM additive technology.

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd obecnie stosowanych stopów tytanu w technologii selektywnego przetapiania wiązką lasera (SLM, ang. Selective Laser Melting). Zwrócono uwagę w szczególności na osiągane właściwości wytrzymałościowe oraz zachodzące podczas wytwarzania elementów zmiany strukturalne wykorzystanych materiałów. Ponadto zaprezentowano możliwości aplikacyjne poszczególnych stopów oraz scharakteryzowano technologię przyrostową SLM.

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Residual Stresses of AlSi10Mg Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

Karolus M., Maszybrocka J., Stwora A., Skrabalak G.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 3

1011--1016

EN

The aim of the paper is the residual stress analysis of AlSi10Mg material fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The SLM technique allows to product of complex geometries based on three-dimensional model, in which stiffness and porosity can be precisely designed for specific uses. As the studied material, there were chosen solid samples built in two different directions: parallel (P-L) and perpendicular (P-R) to the tested surface and cellular lattice built in perpendicular direction, as well. In the paper, for the complex characterization of obtained materials, the phase analysis, residual stress and texture studies were performed. The classical non-destructive sin2ψ method was used to measure the residual stress measurements. The final products, both solid sample and cellular lattice, have a homogeneous phase composition and consist of solid solution Al(Si) (Fm-3m) type, Si (Fd-3m) and Mg2 Si (Pnma). The obtained values of the crystallite size are in a range of 1000 Å for Al(Si), 130-180 Å for Si phase. For Mg2 Si phase, the crystallite sizes depend on sintering process, they are 800 Å for solid samples and 107 Å for cellular lattice. The residual stress results have the compressive character and they are in a range from –5 to –15 MPa.

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Analiza wpływu zawartości TiC w nanokompozycie na topografię powierzchni po obróbce frezowaniem

AlMangour B., Grzesiak D., Dudzińska S., Grochała D., Bachtiak-Radka E.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 8-9

1210--1211

PL

W pracy autorzy opisują wyniki badań skrawalności nanokompozytu umocnionego węglikiem tytanu (TiC). Analizie poddano w szczególności wpływ ilości nanokrystalicznej fazy umacniającej na zmiany wybranych parametrów topografii powierzchni po frezowaniu przy zachowaniu stałych wartości technologicznych parametrów skrawania.

EN

The results of studies on machining of nanocomposite reinforced by titanium carbide (TiC) have been described. The influence of the reinforcement phase share on the variability of selected parameters of the surface topography at constant machining parameters was the main subject of the analysis.