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Mniejszości narodowe w Wielkiej Brytanii

Czekała Agata, Błaszczyk Szymon

Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych

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2022

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R. 6

17--29

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja głównych mniejszości zamieszkujących Zjednoczone Królestwo, tj. szkockiej, irlandzkiej i walijskiej w ujęciu historycznym i współczesnym. Przedmiotem analizy są czynniki narodowotwórcze, aspekty społeczne, religia oraz kultura badanych narodowości. Dla potrzeb badań wykorzystano jakościowe metody badawcze, w tym głównie analizę treści zawartych w publikacjach, w tym analizę danych wtórnych (ang. desk research) opublikowanych w raportach z badań, a także analizę porównawczą i historyczną. Analiza źródeł posłużyła do deskrypcji specyfiki polityki rządu Wielkiej Brytanii wobec mniejszości oraz wyodrębnienia specyfiki kulturowej i społecznej narodowości dominujących w strukturze etnicznej państwa.

EN

The following article aims to identify the main minorities in the United Kingdom, i. e. Scotch, Irish and Welsh in historical and contemporary terms. The analysis focuses on national factors, social aspects, religion and culture of the nationalities studied. The research was carried out using qualitative research methods, notably the analysis of the contents of the publications, including the analysis of secondary data published in the research reports, as well as comparative and historical analyses. The analysis of the sources served to describe the specificities of the British Government’s policy towards minorities and to identify the cultural and social specificities of the nationalities that dominate the ethnic structure of the country.

2

Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus - new data and interregional biostratigraphy

Plax Dmitry P., Newman Michael

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 4

393--414

EN

The Lower Devonian (Emsian) and Middle Devonian of Belarus contain assemblages of biostratigraphically useful faunal and floral microremains. Surface deposits are few, with most material being derived from borehole cores. Acanthodian scales are particularly numerous and comparison with scales from other regions of the Old Red Sandstone continent (Laurussia), specifically the Orcadian Basin of Scotland, the Baltic Region, Spitsbergen, and Severnaya Zemlya have demonstrated a lot of synonymy of acanthodian species between these areas. This is especially the case between Belarus, the Orcadian Basin and the Baltic Region, which has allowed us to produce an interregional biostratigraphic scheme, as well as to postulate marine connection routes between these areas. The acanthodian biostratigraphy of Belarus is particularly important as it is associated with spores and marine invertebrates, so giving the potential of more detailed correlations across not only the Old Red Sandstone continent, but elsewhere in the Devonian world. We also demonstrate that differences in preservation (e.g., wear and how articulated a specimen is) is one of the main reasons for synonymy.

3

Collecting and displaying the decommissioning of North Sea Oil and Gas at the National Museums Scotland

Swinbank Ellie

Architectus

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2020

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Nr 1 (61)

25--30

EN

This article discusses objects relating to the extraction of oil and gas from the North Sea and now held in the collection of National Museums Scotland. Oil and gas extraction and processing has been a key industry in Scotland in recent decades, important to the economy and also to the debate about Scotland’s independence. The industry is now approaching an end and it is expected that, by 2040, around 470 installations will have been closed and dismantled. In this context, the issue of preservation becomes extremely important. National Museums Scotland has been collecting and display these objects for some time. The acquisiton in 2017 of the Murchison oil platform flare tip was a key achievement and also probably the biggest challenge for staff in this area to date. Weighing nearly a ton and standing 4 metres tall, the flare tip is not only a symbol of industry but of human history, and accompanying audiovisual documentation, oral history, images and report book entries add depth to this and increase display potential. The flare tip is also a starting point for discussion about contemporary collecting and the future of energy collections in Scotland. The article discusses the significance of this object and the work relating to its preservation and display.

PL

Tematem artykułu są zgromadzone w National Museums Scotland zabytki związane z wydobyciem ropy naftowej i gazu z Morza Północnego. Niegdyś wydobycie i przetwórstwo ropy naftowej i gazu było ważną gałęzią przemysłu, istotną dla ekonomii oraz debaty o niezawisłości Szkocji. Teraz się kończy i przewiduje się, że około roku 2040 jakieś 470 instalacji pozostanie zamkniętych i zdemontowanych. W tym kontekście niezwykłego znaczenia nabiera kwestia zachowania obiektów związanych z przemysłem wydobycia ropy naftowej. National Museums Scotland od lat zajmuje się gromadzeniem i eksponowaniem tych zabytków. Jedną z największych zdobyczy Muzeum i prawdopodobnie największym wyzwaniem dla jego pracowników jest końcówka pochodni z platformy Murchison – ważąca blisko tonę i licząca prawie 4 m wysokości. Końcówka ta to nie tylko symbol przemysłu – opowiada ona ludzką historię, a towarzysząca jej przejęciu dokumentacja audiowizualna, historia ustna, wizerunki i wpisy do książki raportowej dokumentujące tę historię pogłębiają potencjał wystawowy obiektu. Stanowi ona również punkt wyjścia dyskusji wokół współczesnych zbiorów oraz przyszłości zabytków energii w Szkocji. Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie tego zabytku oraz prace związane z jego zabezpieczeniem i ekspozycją.

4

Impact of missing precipitation values on hydrological model output: a case study from the Eddleston Water catchment, Scotland

Ruman S., Krpec P., Rusnok P., Black A. R., Trizna M., Ball T.

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 2

565--576

EN

A hydrological model was applied to select the best inflling method of missing precipitation (1) and to assess the impact of the length of deleted and flled precipitation data (2). The model was calibrated and validated using the hourly observed discharges from two gauges located in the outlet of the catchment (62.34 km2 ) and in the inner sub-catchment (2.05 km2 ). Precipitation from four gauges was spatially interpolated over the overall catchment, while the sub-catchment used the precipitation from one gauge. Four scenarios of diferent lengths of deletion within three high-intensity events were established in the data of this gauge. Three inflling methods were applied and compared: substitution, linear regression and inverse distance weighting (IDW). Substitution showed the best results, followed by linear regression and IDW in both scales. Differences between methods were signifcant only in 8.3% and 19.4% of all cases (sub-catchment and catchment, respectively). The impact of length was assessed using the substitution only and by comparing diferences in discharges and performance statistics caused by four scenarios. Higher diferences in discharges were found on the catchment scale compared to the inner sub-catchment and were insignifcant for all events and scenarios. The hypothesis that a longer length of deleted and flled data would lead to a greater error in discharges was wrong for 11.1% and 16.7% of all cases (sub-catchment and catchment, respectively). In several cases (33.4% sub-catchment, 27.1% catchment), the model produced better results using the time series with flled gaps compared to the confguration with observed data.

5

Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages across the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary (Upper Jurassic) at Flodigarry, Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, Scotland – a proposed GSSP for the base of the Kimmeridgian

Barski M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2018

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Vol. 16, no 1

51--62

EN

Examination of seven ammonite-calibrated palynological samples across the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary in the Flodigarry sections at Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, northern Scotland, has revealed dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in general terms in line with previous contributions. The sparse occurrence of Emmetrocysta sarjeantii, Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum and Senoniasphaera jurassica slightly above the proposed Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary may be used as a palynological approximation of the base of the Kimmeridgian. The high abundance of tests resembling modern zygnemataceous chlorophycean alga Spirogyra in two samples above the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary horizon is probably associated with increased eutrophication and possible association with ‟green tides”. This bloom is proposed as a palynofloral proxy event for the boundary in the Flodigarry section. According to previous studies, various eutrophication events may have a correlation potential in Subboreal Europe.

6

Calcareous nannofossils from the uppermost Oxfordian and lowermost Kimmeridgian of Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, northern Scotland

Ustinova M. A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2018

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Vol. 16, no 1

63--72

EN

Twenty six samples from the sections at Flodigarry and Digg at Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, northern Scotland, spanning the stratigraphical interval from the uppermost Oxfordian to the lowermost Kimmeridgian were examined for their calcareous nannofossil content. The study revealed the presence of an assemblage typical of the nannofossil zone NJ15 of the northern European zonation.

7

Filozofia recyklingu a konsumpcja

Christie Y., Żurakowska M.

Recykling

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2009

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nr 4

22-23

PL

Ludzie przyzwyczaili się do tego, że wymieniają komputery, pralki i sprzęt audiowizualny zaledwie po kilku latach ich używania. Trwałe niegdyś i wytrzymałe produkty zostały przeprojektowane tak, aby się szybciej zużywały, jakby miały wbudowany gen starzenia się. Czy ukształtowała się nowa mentalność, skłaniająca do ich wyrzucania?

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Rodem ze szkocji

Pardela Ł.

Zieleń Miejska

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2008

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Nr 1

24-25

PL

Można mnożyć przykłady bardziej i mniej udanych działań w ramach jednoczesnej ochrony konserwatorskiej, ochrony przyrody i spójności krajobrazu. Dobrym przykładem kompromisu w tej kwestii jest zagospodarowanie terenu wokół ruin średniowiecznego zamku Caerlaverock w Szkocji.

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Rola społeczeństwa w ochronie i zarządzaniu krajobrazem na przykładzie Caerlaverock i Langholm and Newcastleton Hills w południowej Szkocji

Jaworek J.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2008

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nr 10

592--599

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A Callovian-Kimmeridgian stable isotope record from Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, UK: implications for the ocean-atmosphere system

Nunn E., Price G., Hart M., Page K., Leng M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

198-198

EN

The Staffin Bay section in the Isle of Skye, UK is one of the most stratigraphically complete Oxfordian sections in Europe. This contribution presents the first high-resolution stable isotope record of this Middle Callovian to Early Kimmeridgian succession. The isotope record includes both terrestrial and marine data that were obtained from microscopic wood debris and belemnites respectively. The organic carbon-isotope record was derived from organic rich sediment samples taken almost entirely from the Staffin Shale Formation. This formation is largely represented by a series of isolated foreshore exposures dominated by mudrocks that were deposited in a predominantly offshore marine environment. Over 200 sediment samples were analysed from the 150 m section. The concurrent ä13C marine carbonate curve was produced using belemnites collected from the same formation. Approximately 200 belemnite horizons were sampled. The organic carbon-isotope data show a broad Lower to Middle Oxfordian positive carbon isotope excursion from the Mariae to Tenuiserratum Zone, with maximum values occurring in the Cordatum Zone. This is followed by a return to pre-excursion values continuing into the Early Kimmeridgian Cymodoce Zone. A brief negative excursion (of ~2‰) is also identified near the Densiplicatum-Tenuiserratum zones boundary. Rock-eval analysis confirms that the organic matter is predominantly terrestrial in origin. The concurrent ä13C marine carbonate curve derived from belemnites shows a broadly similar trend. This suggests that the positive carbon-isotope excursion recorded here may have affected the global carbon reservoir (i.e. the whole ocean-atmosphere system). The carbon-isotope record derived from this section appears to be generally consistent with Oxfordian Tethyan records (e.g. Wierzbowski 2002, 2004) and a preliminary study of the Staffin Bay area by Pearce et al. (2005).