Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Amazons – a phenomenon of female heroism in the societies of the states of the slave owning era

Lazorenko Serhii, Liannoi Mykhailo, Balashov Dmytro

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

|

2022

|

T. 15

121--130

EN

In modern science there is a term – historical feminology. The term „feminology” comes from the Latin word „femina” (woman) and the Greek „logos” (science or teaching). Literally, women’s feminology is a direction of general history that investigates the role of women in the historical-dialectical processes of state formation throughout the existence of human civilization and produces tools for such research. During the time of classless society, women loudly declared for equal rights with men. And as a result - gynecocratic social relations in the early eras of the existence of human civilization. During the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1640 BC), Egyptian women had independence from men, had their own business, funds, property, etc. Everyone knows the names of the Egyptian queens Nefertiti, Hatshepsut, who were iconic figures no less famous than the male pharaohs. History did not ignore the female heroism of the period of antiquity. Homer, Hellanicus, Herodotus, Strabo, Plutarch, Diodorus Sicilia and others wrote about their exploits in their annals. The chronological limits of the research described in the article cover the time spans of the slave period – the class formation which was the first one in the history of society.

PL

We współczesnej nauce istnieje termin – feminologia historyczna. Termin „feminologia” pochodzi od łacińskiego słowa „femina” (kobieta) i greckiego „logos” (nauka lub nauczanie). Dosłownie feminologia kobiet jest kierunkiem historii ogólnej, który bada rolę kobiet w historyczno-dialektycznych procesach kształtowania się państwa przez cały czas istnienia cywilizacji ludzkiej i wytwarza narzędzia do takich badań. W czasach społeczeństwa bezklasowego kobiety głośno deklarowały równouprawnienie z mężczyznami. A w rezultacie - ginekokratyczne stosunki społeczne we wczesnych epokach istnienia cywilizacji ludzkiej. W okresie Środkowego Królestwa Egiptu (2040- 1640 p.n.e.), Egipcjanki miały niezależność od mężczyzn, miały własny biznes, fundusze, majątek itp. Wszyscy znają imiona egipskich królowych Nefertiti, Hatszepsut, które były kultowymi postaciami, nie mniej znanymi niż męscy faraonowie. Historia nie ignorowała kobiecego heroizmu okresu starożytności. Homer, Hellanicus, Herodot, Strabon, Plutarch, Diodorus Sicilia i inni pisali o swoich wyczynach w swoich annałach. Opisane w artykule granice chronologiczne badań obejmują rozpiętość czasową okresu niewolnictwa – pierwszej w dziejach społeczeństwa formacji klasowej.

2

The youngest deposits infilling the Gdów “embayment” (Carpathian orogenic front, south Poland) are not older than late Sarmatian-Pannonian

Wójcik Antoni, Garecka Małgorzata Katarzyna, Malata Tomasz, Pilarz Monika

Geological Quarterly

|

2021

|

Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 22

EN

The Gdów “embayment” is the most pronounced deflection along the northern boundary of the Carpathians. It is filled by the sandy clay deposits which used to be named the Skawina Formation or Chodenice beds or, locally, conglomerates (of Sypka Góra). Their stratigraphic position according to studies of foraminifers had been determined as Badenian. New results obtained from micropalaeontological material sampled at three exposures near Wiatowice, Jawczyce (Giewont) and Gdów (Sypka Góra), and based on boreholes, indicate a much younger age of for the deposits infilling the Gdów “embayment”. These studies show that the surface deposits are not older than Late Sarmatian/Pannonian (Serravalian/Tortonian). They also suggest a much later time for the last stages of the thrusting of the Carpathian Mountains over the Carpathian Foredeep.

3

Quantitative studies of the calcareous nannoplankton of Sarmatian deposits : case studies in the Sieniawa–Rudka area (Outer Carpathian Foredeep, Poland)

Lelek D., Oszczypko-Clowes M., Oszczypko N.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2016

|

Vol. 86, No. 1

29--57

EN

The aim of this study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the Machów Formation, belonging to the supra-evaporitic complex of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep Basin (PCFB). The work was concentrated in the eastern part of the PCFB, in the Sieniawa–Rudka area (Ryszkowa Wola Horst). Samples were collected from the Rudka-13 and Wylewa-1 boreholes. On the basis of calcareous nannoplankton, these deposits were assigned to the upper part of the NN6 Zone combined with the NN7 Zone, which corresponds to the Sarmatian s.s. of the Central Paratethys (upper Serravallian of the Mediterranean scale). Conclusive determination of the biozone NN7 was problematic, owing to the absence of the rare zonal marker species Discoaster kugleri. The typical association of the undivided NN6–NN7 Zone was of low species diversity and usually dominated by Coccolithus pelagicus, Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica (> 7 µm). On the basis of the relative abundance of species, a significant amount of redeposition was deduced. The reworked nannofossils were mostly Eocene in age. The Oligocene, Early Miocene and Late Cretaceous species occurred much less frequently. The dominance of Eocene forms indicates the Carpathians as the main supply area. The Late Cretaceous taxa may have originated from the Senonian marly deposits of the Miechów Trough in the north. Statistical treatment of the quantitative data was performed using multivariate cluster analysis and Nonmetrical Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS). The composition of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages, together with the high percentage of allochthonous taxa, indicate a shallow, coastal environment with a high supply of nutrients.

4

Biostratygrafia osadów miocenu z otworów wiertniczych Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 i Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 na podstawie otwornic (północna część zapadliska przedkarpackiego)

Paruch-Kulczycka J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2015

|

nr 461

115--131

PL

Badania mikropaleontologiczne przeprowadzono na próbkach pobranych z kompleksu osadów mioceńskich przewierconych otworami wiertniczymi Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 i Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1. Oba otwory są zlokalizowane w północno-zachodniej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Materiał do badań pobrano z ilastych i ilasto-marglistych przewarstwień występujących w osadach pod- ścielających serię ewaporatów, z serii ewaporatów oraz z jej nadkładu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki taksonomicznej i biostratygraficznej analizy wyróżnionych zespołów otwornicowych. Obecność w tych zespołach taksonów wskaźnikowych dla określonych poziomów otwornicowych umożliwiła ich korelację z regionalnymi jednostkami biostratygraficznymi ustanowionymi dla różnych obszarów zapadliska przedkarpackiego. W profilu otworu wiertniczego Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 wyodrębniono pięć zespołów mikrofaunistycznych (Z.b.I– Z.s.V). Cztery z nich skorelowano z badeńskimi poziomami otwornicowymi: z poziomem Orbulina suturalis/ Praeorbulina (Z.b.I) datowanym na wczesny baden (moraw) oraz z poziomami Neobulimina longa (Z.b.II), Velapertina indigena (Z.b.III) i Hanzawaia crassiseptata (Z.b.IV) datowanymi na poźny baden (kosow). Ostatni zespół przyporządkowano poziomowi Anomalinoides dividens (Z.s.V) z wczesnego sarmatu (wołyn). W profilu otworu wiertniczego Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 wydzielono trzy zespoły otwornicowe (Z.b.I–Z.s.III). Najstarszy zespół odpowiada poziomowi otwornicowemu Velapertina indigena (Z.b.I) datowanemu na późny baden (kosow), a następny poziomowi Varidentella sarmatica (Z.s.II) z wczesnego sarmatu (wołyn). Trzeci zespół (Z.s.III), ze względu na zły stan zachowania mikrofauny, zaliczono ogólnie do sarmatu. Zastępujące się obocznie planktoniczne i bentoniczne zespoły otwornicowe potwierdzają duże zróżnicowanie facjalne osadów, które powstały w późnym badenie i we wczesnym sarmacie w brzeżnej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego.

EN

Micropaleontological study of Miocene deposits from the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 and Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 boreholes, located in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep, has allowed taxonomic and biostratigraphic characteristics of foraminiferal assemblages. The samples were taken from clay and clay-marly interbeds in sub-evaporitic, evaporitic and supra-evaporitc complexes. In the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole, five foraminiferal assemblages have been defined (Z.b.I–Z.s.V), corresponding with the following foraminiferal zones: Orbulina suturalis/ Praeorbulina – Z.b.I (Moravian substage of the Early Badenian), Neobulimina longa – Z.b.II; Velapertina indigena – Z.b.III, Hanzawaia crassiseptata – Z.b.IV (Kosovian substage of the Late Badenian) and Anomalinoides dividens – Z.b.V (Volhynian substage of the Early Sarmatian). In the Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 borehole, two foraminiferal assemblages have been identified (Z.b.I and Z.s.II), correlated with following foraminiferal zones Velapertina indigena – Z.b.I (Kosovian substage of the Late Badenian) and Varidentella sarmatica – Z.s.II (Volhynian substage of the Early Sarmatian). The third assemblage (Z.s.III), because of poor preservation of foraminifers has been attributed to the Sarmatian stage in general. Lateral replacement of planktonic and benthonic foraminiferal assemblages confirms a significant facies variability of the Late Badenian deposits that accumulated in the northern margin of marine basin in the Carpathian Foredeep.

5

Neptunian dykes in the Middle Miocene reefs of western Ukraine : preliminary results

Jasionowski M., Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

|

2012

|

Vol. 56, No. 4

881–-894

EN

Neptunian dykes were recently recorded within the Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian) Medobory reef complex of the Carpathian Foreland in western Ukraine. The Upper Badenian reefs are cut by a regular, semi-perpendicular network of intersecting fissures that penetrate the Badenian reef limestone down for more than 10 m. The dykes are filled by several generations of Sarmatian microbialites coating the fracture walls and by bedded bioclastic sediment (including foraminifers) which is more important volumetrically. The fissure fillings containing both the Sarmatian material as well as rare clasts of Badenian rocks indicate that the fissures were open during the onset of Sarmatian deposition. They originated following the emergence and fracturing of the Badenian limestones, either due to fault tectonics at basin margins induced by basin subsidence, around the Badenian-Sarmatian boundary, or to gravitational instability of large lithified Badenian reef bodies. Only one phase of fracture opening occurred. The filling of fractures was episodic, with pulses of cementation and microbial growth and sediment injection. Four different foraminiferal assemblages recorded in the neptunian dykes indicate that the process of fracture filling was long-lasting.

6

Sarmatian foraminiferal assemblages of cavern fillings in the Badenian reefs of Medobory (Polupanivka, Western Ukraine)

Peryt D., Jasionowski M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2012

|

nr 449

175--184

EN

The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian) coralline algal reefs of Western Ukraine contain caverns (up to 1 m across) and fissures that are filled by Sarmatian deposits: marly clays, clayey carbonate sand and bioclastic, bryozoan-rich sand. These deposits often contain abundant and very well preserved calcareous benthic foraminifera; agglutinated forms have not been recorded. Foraminiferal tests quite commonly show morphological abnormalities, e.g. twin forms or tests with irregularities in size or shape in last chambers. Each of the three analysed samples is characterized by a different foraminiferal assemblage: Elphidium aculeatum assemblage, Hauerinidae assemblage and Lobatula lobatula assemblage. These assemblages are characteristic for a shallow marine environment. Low taxonomic diversity and high dominance or monospecific foraminiferal assemblages indicate generally a restricted marine environment. It seems that the increasing salinity and very high-energy environment were the most probable factors controlling the composition of the foraminiferal assemblages.

PL

Górnobadeńskie rafy koralowe zachodniej Ukrainy posiadają kawerny o przekroju do 1 m oraz szczeliny, które obecnie są wypełnione osadami sarmackimi – iłami marglistymi i zasilonym piaskiem węglanowym i bioklastycznym, często mszywiołowym. Osady te często zawierają liczne i bardzo dobrze zachowane węglanowe otwornice bentosowe; nie stwierdzono natomiast otwornic zlepieńcowatych. Dość częste są skorupki z morfologicznymi nieprawidłowościami, np. formy bliźniacze albo skorupki z nieregularnością rozmiaru lub kształtu ostatnich komór. Każda z trzech próbek zawiera inny zespół otwornicowy: w pierwszej występuje zespół z Elphidium aculeatum, druga zawiera zespół z Hauerinidae, a trzecia – zespół z Lobatula lobatula. Wszystkie te zespoły są charakterystyczne dla środowiska płytkomorskiego. Niskie zróżnicowanie taksonomiczne i wysoka dominacja lub jednogatunkowe zespoły otwornicowe wskazują na ogólnie ograniczone środowisko morskie; wydaje się, że w takich warunkach najbardziej prawdopodobnym czynnikiem warunkującym skład zespołów otwornicowych było podwyższone zasolenie i środowisko bardzo wysokoenergetyczne.

7

Brzeżne facje badenu i sarmatu dolnego zbiornika przedkarpackiego w SE Polsce i zachodniej Ukrainie – wyniki badań ostatniego dwudziestolecia

Jasionowski M., Peryt T. M., Wysocka A., Poberezhskyy A. V.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2012

|

nr 449

71--86

PL

Przedstawiono charakterystykę litologiczną utworów mioceńskich występujących na Roztoczu i terenach sąsiednich (zachodnia Ukraina). Utwory dolnobadeńskie rozpoczynają się transgresywnymi piaskami i piaskowcami kwarcowymi; w wyższej części obocznie przechodzą w margle i wapienie litotamniowe. Powstały w płytkowodnym, wysokoenergetycznym morskim środowisku sedymentacji, o zmieniającym się w czasie chemizmie wód. Środkowobadeński gips pierwotny tworzy szeroką brzeżną platformę siarczanową; w trakcie jego depozycji następowały znaczne wahania składu chemicznego solanek. W płytszych częściach zbiornika na gipsach występują utwory wapienia ratyńskiego, związane genetycznie z transgresją morską. W późnym badenie obszar Roztocza był strefą tranzytową dla materiału bioklastycznego i terygenicznego, w jej obrębie odbywało się przemieszczanie materiału ziarnowego związane z falowaniem i prądami wywołanymi przez falowanie oraz z ruchami masowymi. Węglany dolnosarmackie Roztocza cechują się nietypowym wykształceniem facjalnym oraz ubogim składem taksonomicznym organizmów, wskazującym na anomalne warunki środowiskowe – obniżone zasolenie wody i silne jej przesycenie względem węglanu wapnia.

EN

Lithological characteristics of Middle Miocene strata of the Roztocze region (SE Poland and western Ukraine) is summarized. The Lower Badenian sequence begins with transgressive quartz sands and sandstones that subsequently are passing laterally into marls and coralline algal limestones. They originated in shallow-water, high-energy marine environment. The chemistry of waters at that time as well as during subsequent gypsum sedimentation fluctuated quite considerably. Middle Badenian gypsum deposits build a wide marginal sulphate platform. In shallower parts of the basin the Ratyn Limestone deposits cover gypsum; they are related genetically to new marine transgression. During the Late Badenian the Roztocze region was a transit zone for bioclastic and terrigenous material, and the grainy material was transported owing to waves and wave-generated currents as well as mass movements. The Lower Sarmatian carbonates of Roztocze show a typical facies and poor taxonomic composition of fossil assemblages that indicate abnormal environmental conditions – decreased water salinity and its oversaturation in respect to calcium carbonate.

8

Petrographic characteristic of the Middle Miocene sediments in the Ukrainian segment of the Carpathian Foredeep

Kuberska M., Kozłowska A., Lis P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2011

|

Vol. 81, No 3

351-361

EN

The Upper Badenian and Sarmatian strata from thirteen wells situated in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathian Foredeep were petrographically analysed. The studies were performed using a polarizing microscope (standard petrographic analysis, cathodoluminescence studies – CL), SEM and EDS ISIS. Moreover, the XRD was conducted, isotopic ratios of light isotopes of carbon and oxygen in carbonate cements determined, and porosimetric measurements performed on selected samples of sandstones. Claystones, mudstones and sandstones were distinguished among the studied rocks. The sandstones were examined in great detail. The following sandstone varieties were distinguished: unequal-grained, fine-, and rare medium-grained. They are classified as arenites and subarkosic, locally sublithic and quartz wackes. Quartz and feldspars (K-feldspars, plagioclases) are main components of the grain fabric of mudstones and sandstones. Rock fragments (of sedimentary, less common effusive rocks, individual fragments of granitoids and/or metamorphic rocks) occur in the sandstones, too. Micas (mainly muscovite), glauconite, rare bioclasts, fine plant remnants, and accessory zircons are present. The cement is composed of allogenic-and authigenic clay minerals (illite, smectite, chlorites, kaolinite), carbonates (Fe-calcite, dolomite, ankerite), authigenic quartz and, sporadically, authigenic feldspar and anhydrite. Effects of diagenetic processes, mainly of mechanical compaction, cementation, dissolution, and less significant replacement and alteration have been recorded in the sediments studied. The compaction and cementation have almost an equal influence on reduction of porosity and permeability of the analysed rocks. Abundant sandstone packages, however, display very good reservoir properties (porosity amounts to 30%, and permeability is over 200 mD).

9

Diagenesis and reservoir properties of the Middle Miocene sandstones in the Polish segment of the Carpathian Foredeep

Kozłowska A., Kuberska M., Maliszewska A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2011

|

Vol. 81, No 1

87-103

EN

The Upper Badenian and Sarmatian sandstones from eight wells of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin have been studied. The following research methods were used: petrographic analysis with the use of polarizing microscope (staining analysis, cathodoluminescence studies – CL, porosity determinations, fluid inclusion ana- lysis), scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations and energy dispersive spectrometer studies (EDS ISIS), X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD), isotopic analysis and petrophysical studies. The sandstones are very-fine to medium-grained subarkosic and sublithic arenites and wackes. The main components of the sandstone grain framework are quartz, feldspars (potassium feldspar and plagioclase), lithoclasts (fragments of carbonate rocks, clastic rocks, granitoids, volcanic rocks and quartz-mica schists) and micas (mainly muscovite). Bioclasts (mainly foraminifera), glauconite, ooids, organic matter and accesory minerals are subordinate. Pore spaces between the grains are filled by matrix and by cement (mostly Fe-calcite, quartz overgrowth, dolomite, siderite and kaolinite). The Middle Miocene sandstones show good and very good filtration abilities. Sandstones porosity very often exceeds 20% and permeability is above 100 mD. Primary intergranular porosity is considerably more frequent than secondary intragranular porosity (mainly dissolution of feldspar grains) and intercrystalline porosity (clays microporosity). Effects of the following diagenetic processes can be observed in the sandstones: compaction, cementation, dissolution, replacement and alteration. Primary porosity reduction in sandstones was predominantly caused by mechanical compaction by about 26% and cementation, mainly by calcite, by approximately 35% on the average. Some increase in porosity was caused by dissolution of detrital grains, mainly feldspars, and decay of the soft parts of organisms. Diagenetic and related reservoir properties evolution of the Middle Miocene sand- stones have been accomplished during eo- and mesodiagenesis.

10

A new rissoid gastropod with lecithotrophic development from the Miocene of Paratethys

Anistratenko V.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2009

|

Vol. 59, no. 2

261-267

EN

The results of detailed morphological studies on Rissoa sobieskii from the Badenian of the eastern Central Paratethys are presented. Its paucispiral protoconch with a bulbous embryonic shell indicates it to have had a lecithotrophic (non-planktotrophic) larval development, apparently lacking even a short free-swimming larval stage. This contrasts with all other known Miocene Rissoa species, which have shell features indicating a planktotrophic larval stage. The peculiarity of R. sobieskii is also supported by its characteristic narrowing of the aperture and almost complete lack of teleoconch sculpture. The time coincidence of the appearance of the non-planktotrophic species with distinct changes in salinity of the badenian basin suggests that the alteration (.switching.) of the type of early ontogeny from planktotrophic to non-planktotrophic development could have been an environmentally induced phenomenon.

11

Tektoniczne struktury deformacyjne w iłach krakowieckich sarmatu w Wylewie k. Sieniawy (zapadlisko przedkarpackie): świadectwo młodej przesuwczej aktywności podłoża miocenu

Nescieruk P., Wójcik A., Malata A., Aleksandrowski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2007

|

Vol. 55, nr 8

690-698

EN

Tectonic deformation structures (folds, strike-slip, reverse and normal faults as well as joints) are reported here from the topmost part of the youngest, clayey sediments of the Carpathian foreland basin (Krakowiec clays, Sarmatian, Miocene), in a clay pit located at a village ofWylewa near Sieniawa. Our structural study has revealed several joint sets, accompanying products of intense folding and faulting, and defining a structural pattern that can be easily interpreted in terms of structures formed in a transpressive regime above strike-slip faults in the basement. The origin of these structures is ascribed to tectonic activity of the NW-SE-trending Ryszkowa Wola horst known to occur directly beneath the Wylewa clay pit, at a depth of c. 500 to 1300 m and to involve the basement and the lower part of theMiocene succession. The structural pattern in question most likely reflects a sinistral strike-slip displacement on sub-vertical boundary faults of the lowermost part of the horst. Undisputable effects of this strike-slip motion have been recently documented by other authors using 3D seismic data. The deformation structures at Wylewa must have resulted from a young, late to post-Sarmatian tectonic activity in the basement of the Carpathian foreland basin, probably reflecting an E-W to ENE-WSW directed regional shortening episode.

12

Miocen Roztocza

Wysocka A., Jasionowski M., Peryt T. M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2007

|

nr 422

79-96

PL

Przedstawiono charakterystykę litologiczną utworów mioceńskich występujących na obszarze Roztocza. Utwory dolnobadeńskie, podewaporatowe występują jedynie we wschodniej części Roztocza i wykształcone są jako piaski i piaskowce kwarcowe, kwarcowo-glaukonitowe i kwarcowo-rodoidowe, rzadziej jako wapienie i margle litotamniowe. Ponad nimi leżą gipsy i wapienie ratyńskie zaliczane do utworów ewaporatowych. Powyżej nich występują górnobadeńskie, nadewaporatowe silnie zróżnicowane litologicznie utwory, m.in. wapienie organodetrytyczne i rodoidowe, wapienie glonowo-ślimakowe, podrzędnie piaski kwarcowe i iły. Przykryte są one przez dolnosarmackie skały węglanowe, m.in. wapienie organodterytyczne, organodetrytyczno-terygeniczne, wapienie serpulowo-mikrobialitowe. Analiza mikrofacji oraz struktur sedymentacyjnych badanych utworów wskazuje na płytkowodne wysokoenergetyczne morskie środowisko sedymentacji, o zmieniającym się jednak w czasie chemizmie wód.

EN

The lithological characteristic of the clastic Badenian deposits of the Roztocze Hills is presented, in the territories of Poland and Ukraine. Generally, the Miocene succession of the Roztocze Hills begins with transgressive quartz, quartz-glaukonite and quartz-rhodolithe sands and sandstones of Early Badenian age, possessing their greatest thickness and limits in Ukraine. Towards the top, the sands pass laterally into marls and coralline algal limestones. Those deposits are overlain by a continuous level of gypsum and/or Ratyń Limestones, included into the Evaporitic-Chemical Beds. Various shallow-water carbonate and terrigenous deposits of Late Badenian age overlie the Evaporitic-Chemical Beds. The terrigenous rocks are represented mainly by quartz sands and sandstones with an admixture of glauconite, siltstone and clay. The biogenic rocks are represented by various shell coquinas and reefal-type deposits. The Miocene succession of the Roztocze Hills is terminated by deposits of Sarmatian age. These are represented by serpulid-microbialite reefs, exposed in the westernmost part of the Roztocze Hills. The microfacies and sedimentary structures of studied rocks point to a high-energy, shallow-water, marine environment with changeable chemical conditions during sedimentation.

13

Facje i geochemia dolnosarmackich raf z północnych obrzeży Paratetydy na Roztoczu (Polska) i Miodoborach (Ukraina): implikacje paleoorodowiskowe

Jasionowski M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 5

445-454

EN

The Middle Miocene (Lower Sarmatian = Middle Serravallian) carbonate buildups called “serpulid-microbialite reefs” that occur in the Medobory and Roztocze regions (Paratethys Basin, western Ukraine and southeastern Poland) are composed mainly of calcite precipitates. Skeletal organisms represented by serpulid tubes and bryozoans (in places) are of minor importance and comprise merely a few percent of the rock volume. They are overgrown with micritic peloidal microbialites that are the major reef component. The microbialites and serpulids/bryozoans make together a porous reef framework that is usually filled up with abundant synsedimentary fibrous cements and micritic internal sediments. Other biota is taxonomically impoverished but often rich in individuals and comprises few species of bivalves, gastropods, benthic foraminifers. In places, the serpulid-microbialite limestone masses are incrusted with coralline algae, bryozoans and nubeculariid foraminifers. Bivalve coquinas, bioclastic limestones, breccias and conglomerates are associated with the reefs. The synsedimentary precipitates represented by microbialites and fibrous cements have quite unusual geochemical characteristics. They are composed of Mg-calcite with 5–6 mole % MgCO3 in average with a very high content of strontium (1000–1650 ppm Sr). The precipitates are enriched in heavy oxygen and carbon isotopes. Fibrous cements exhibit the highest values (18O ca. +1.5 [PDB] and 13C 2.8 [PDB]. It is generally believed that in the Early Sarmatian the Paratethys was a brackish basin due to restricted connections to theWorld Ocean. This is indicated by taxonomically poor biotic assemblages that inhabited the basin. On the other hand, however, the predominance of calcitic precipitates (such as microbialites and synsedimentary cements) is indicative of water highly supersaturated in respect to calcite due to high carbonate alkalinity content. Oxygen isotopic composition of the precipitates indicates that the brackish water, in which the reefs originated, had to be enriched in the heavy oxygen isotope due to strong evaporation. The low Mg content in calcite (if compared to modern tropical settings) could be the result of a relatively low precipitation temperature coupled with lower Mg/Ca ratio in Miocene than today, and the elevated Sr content may be indicative of a high precipitation rate resulting from high supersaturation. It seems therefore that the origin of the serpulid-microbialite buildups is related to a peculiar interplay of regional and local controls in the Sarmatian Paratethys. First, the relative isolation of the entire Paratethys basin resulted in the brackish water environment that could be inhabited by taxonomically poor opportunistic biota only and simultaneously enabled blooming of microbial communities. Second, a strong evaporation of the brackish water with high alkalinity content caused a supersaturation in respect to calcium carbonate and consequently a widespread precipitation of calcite (including calcification of microbial mats).

14

Przebieg sedymentacji osadów „sarmatu detrytycznego” na obszarze pomiędzy Stawianami a Sędziejowicami

Brzozowska J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2004

|

Vol. 52, nr 1

55-60

EN

Studies undertaken by the author in the area between Stawiany and Sędziejowice shown that deposits known as “detrital Sarmatian” created barrier facies, thus confirming arguments of Czapowski (1984). These deposits are indicated in the landscape morphology as elongated and sinuous banks which during the early Sarmatian became the barriers built by along-shore currents of SE–NW direction. Analysis of the paleotransport directions showed diversification of the local transport, NW-directed in the south-east part of the area and S and SE-directed in its northern part. This suggests that besides the a long-shore current, which in the early Sarmatian built the “barrier” that separated the Chmielnik Bay to the E from the Korytnica Bay to the NW, there were also some different directions of clastic material supply. Within Sarmatian deposits two lithofacies were distinguished, with different lithification stage, material sorting and lamination type. Both facies are separated by an erosional boundary. One of these facies represents sediment that built the barrier, the other one consists of sediments deposited in the shallow, coastal environment. Discussed deposits a transgressively overlap the older deposits; in the northern part of the area they lie on the Kraków Clays and in the southern part they lie on the gypsum of the Krzyżanowice Formation. Main carbonate components are algae of genus Archaeolithothamnium, foraminifera and crumbled molluscs shells. The most common fossil is a bivalve Mytilaster (Upper Badenian–Lower Sarmatian).

15

Możliwości rozpoznawania struktur sedymentacyjnych w cienkoławicowych utworach miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego

Stankiewicz B., Stadtmüller M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2002

|

Vol. 50, nr 3

222-226

PL

Utwory miocenu wschodniej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego cechują się dużym zróżnicowaniem litofacjalnym. Znaczna ich część to utwory cienkoławicowe. Stanowi to znaczący problem przy rozpoznawaniu ich rzeczywistego wykształcenia litofacjalnego z zapisu geofizyki otworowej. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi propozycję wykorzystania do szczegółowej analizy sedymentologicznej krzywych mikrooporności zapisanych przez sondę SED i akustycznego obrazu ścianek otworu CAST, które oparte są na pomiarach o bardzo dużej rozdzielczości. Przedstawiono przykład określania struktur sedymentacyjnych, cech teksturowych oraz wydzielania granic cienkich warstw na podstawie SED i CAST.

EN

The Miocene deposits of the east part of the Carpathian Foredeep are characterized by lithofacial diversity. The bed thickness varies from a few to a few dozen centimetres. This causes significant problems with a proper interpretation of standard wireline geophysical logs. This study presents a suggestion to using dipmeter resistivity curves and acoustic images CAST to detailed sedimentological analysis. An example of identification of sedimentary structures, textures and thin beds'boundaries with SEDand C AST dala is here presented.

16

Badeńskie olistostromy i stożki turbidytowe okolic Tarnowa (przedgórze Karpat środkowych)

Połtowicz S.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

|

1999

|

T. 25, z. 2

153-187

PL

Na podstawie wyników wierceń i badań sejsmicznych dokonano analizy paleomorfologicznej południowej części badeńskiego szelfu małopolskiego i warunków sedymentacyjnych młodszej molasy. W dolnym badenie, w paleodolinach przykrawędziowej strefy szelfu, tworzyły się olistostromy przechodzące na skłonie kontynentalnym w głębokowodne stożki turbidytowe. Materiał skalny pochodził z utworów mezozoicznych i paleozoicznych podłoża platformowego. W badenie środkowym szelf i jego krawędź były poddawane podmorskiej erozji. W górnym badenie w rozległej depresji erozyjnej w okolicy Tarnowa utworzyły się olistostromy ewaporatowe. Ześlizg podmorskich osuwisk z południa ku północy spowodowała przebudowa tektoniczna zapadliska przedkarpackiego zapoczątkowana pod koniec środkowego badenu

EN

The palaeogeomorphology and sedimentary environments of the southern part of the Badenian Małopolska shelf is presented on basis of boreholes and seismic data. Olisthostromes and deep-water turbidity fans have been sedimentated on shelf and Continental slope. The rock material descends from the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic sediments of platform basement. The Middle Badenian submarine erosion of the shelf and it edge is visible. The Upper Badenian evaporite olisthostromes sedimentated in a great erosional depression of the shelf edge near Tarnów. The tectonic rebuilding of the Carpathian foredeep in the Middle and Upper Badenian caused the submarine slides and slumps of the saliferous deposits from south to north

17

Paleoecology and organie matter in the Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian marine basin of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep

Czepiec I., Kotarba M.J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

1998

|

Vol. 46, nr 8/2

732-736

EN

The studies aim to determine both the ecological and geochemical conditions of the Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian sedimentary basin located in the outer part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Particularly interesting are: depositional environment of organic matter, depth of the basin and water temperatures. The Late Badenian sea was presumably only slightly deeper than the outer shelf i.e. about 200 meters. The warm climate resembling that of the warm temperate zone resulted in surface water temperatures 17-20' C. In the Sarmatian the sea depth was initially about 30-50 meters thus, the existence of submarine meadows was inferred. Then, progressing shallowing to about 10 meters took place. The Sarmatian sea was a warm basin with temperatures roughly corresponding to those of the Late Badenian ones. Organic matter deposited during both the Badenian and the Sarmatian reveals terrestrial origin. Organic matter in the Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian strata is immature or, at most, early matured but at depth below 3000 meters. Very low correlation of both the concentrations and the maturation degree of the organic matter with its depth of occurrence suggest the similarity of sedimentary environments in the whole Miocene succession and the lack of thermal transformation after deposition. Almost exclusive occurrence of the humic organic matter points to the fast and rhythmic supply of terrestrial clay matter to the deltaic environments in the shallow Miocene basin. A rapid sedimentation of terrestrial, deltaic sediments took place in the Miocene basin, therefore the humic organic matter (type III kerogen) prevailed there and the marine type II kerogen was hardly detectable.

18

Dolnosarmacka delta Szczurowej na tle ewolucji geologicznej przedgórza Karpat

Połtowicz S.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

|

1998

|

T. 24, z. 3

219-239

PL

Na podstawie danych wiertniczych i sejsmicznych omówiono pokredową ewolucję geologiczną przedgórza Karpat. Wykazano zgodność przebiegu dolin rzek Wyżyny Małopolskiej z systemem paleodolin w podłożu miocenu. Przedstawiono zjawisko środkowobadeńskiej podmorskiej erozji na szelfie małopolskim i pogłębienia paleodolin o kilkaset metrów. Podano przypuszczalną przyczynę tego procesu. W zachodniej części przedgórza Karpat rozpoznano dolnosarmacką deltę zbudowaną z materiału skalnego pochodzącego z masywu świętokrzyskiego i dostarczanego dorzeczem Pra-Nidy neogeńskiej. Dokonano rekonstrukcji zachodniej części dolnosarmackiego basenu sedymentacyjnego

EN

The Palaeogene and Neogene geological evolution of the Carpathian Foreland is presented on the basis of boreholes and seismic data. The conformity of recent rivers flowing down from the Małopolska Upland with palaeovalleys on the Miocene basement is visible. The Middle Badenian submarine erosion of deposits on the area of palaeovalleys on the Carpathian Foreland is coused by sea-bottom streams of high energy. The palaovalleys were incissed several hundred meters. The Lower Sarmatian delta has occured in the western part of the Carpathian Foreland. Rock material has originated in the Holy-Cross Palaeozoic Massif. The palaeovalley of the Neogene Nida River has been a way of transport of clastics. The reconstruction of the western part of the Lower Sarmatian sedimentary basin is demonstrated