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Experimental performance characterization and economic efficiency of 16.28 kWp grid-tied PV systems in semi-arid climate

Khennane Messaouda Benbitour, Boughali Slimane, Bechki Djamel, Zaghba Layachi, Fezzani Amor, Mahammed Idriss Hadj

Diagnostyka

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2021

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Vol. 22, No. 2

53--65

EN

The study of the paper aims to present a solar power plant performances and economic benefits of 16.28 kWp grid-tied solar PV systems under the real outdoor conditions of Ghardaïa, located in semi-arid area of the Algeria desert. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness, suitability, feasibility and reliably of these plants on the level of desert areas and under the influence of harsh conditions (desert environment) in the first part. In the second part, the contribution of solar PV plant to conventional networks in the arid and semi-arid environment to assess the rate of integration. Based on experimental measurement data, the paper also shows economic benefits of three photovoltaic plants. It was found that from the first January to last August 2019, the total produced energy by all PV arrays was 171.422 MWh which supplied to the internal grid and while, the consumed energy by the URAER unit was 159,094 kWh. Approximately 10, 95 % of the 159,094 MWh energy consumed in the whole year is provided from the generated PV solar energy that is 17,422 MWh. The total energy fed to the internal grid has grown from 27 MWh in 05/04/2018 to a maximum of 67.28 MWh recorded in 31/10/2019. The rate of integration of solar energy by all PV arrays in the internal network of the URAER varied between 6, 60% in January and 22, 96% in April. The integration of this renewable energy generation into the local grid in the URAER unit considered satisfactory over this period of operation. From the first January to last August 2019, the cost of electrical energy produced by solar plants is 2090,64 euro(277706,68 Algerian dinars) while the cost of energy consumed by the Applied Research Unit in renewable energies is 4772,82 euro(664853,826 Algerian dinars).

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Energy and environmental performance analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems under similar outdoor conditions in the Saharan environment

Deriche Mohammed Amine, Hafaifa Ahmed, Tahri Ali, Mohammedi Kamal, Tahri Fatima

Diagnostyka

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 2

13--23

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a one-year performance analysis of four grid-connected PV systems installed at Ghardaia city in Algeria’s Sahara. The grid-connected PV systems are based on four different PV module technologies which are: monocrystalline silicon (m-Si), multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) and amorphous (a-Si) PV module technologies. The PV systems based on the thin film technologies have their performance ratio better throughout the year when the performance ratio of the mc-Si technology is better in the winter season. The a-Si PV system has its performance ratio about 6.13 % more better than mc-Si and 8.90 % better than m-Si. The AC energy produced with the a-Si PV system is 13.32 % more than what the mc-Si system produces. It was found that the a-Si PV system performs better than the other technologies under the Saharan climate conditions of Ghardaia city. The energy payback time (EPBT) and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of the different PV systems were analyzed. The EPBT and GHG emissions per year, vary from a minimum value of 2.8 years to a maximum value of 5.73 years and from 13.24 tons to 32.03 tons of CO2/kWh for CdTe and m-Si respectively. The CdTe PV system performs better in terms of EPBT and GHG emissions compared to the other technologies (m-Si, mc-Si and a-Si) due to its low life cycle energy requirement.

3

Ważny wizerunek czystej Unii Europejskiej

Kamieński Z.

Czysta Energia

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2011

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Nr 7-8

9-9

4

Pustynie egipskie - geoturystyczna atrakcja

Plit J.

Geoturystyka

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2010

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nr 1

41-50

PL

W Egipcie znajdziemy wszystkie klasycznie wydzielane rodzaje krajobrazów pustynnych: pustynie ilaste, piaszczyste, żwirowe i kamieniste hamady, gdzieniegdzie występujące ocienione palmami oazy i solniska szottów, suche uedy i wędrujące wały wydmowe. Zwrotnikowy, skrajnie suchy klimat, zróżnicowanie rzeźby i geologii poszczególnych typów pustyń warunkują odmienną hydrografię i specyficzną roślinność Sahary. Wyprawa równoległym do doliny Nilu ciągiem obniżeń Nowej Doliny umożliwia ich podziwianie. Warto odwiedzić oazy El Charga, Mut, Balat, Dania, El Qasr Farafra, El Heim Bahariya, Siwa

EN

In Egypt we can find all the classic desert landscapes: clayey, sand, gravell deserts and rocks hammadas. Here and there occurs oasis shaded with the palms and alkali shotts, dry wadi and shifting sward dunes. Diversity of relief and geology of different types of the deserts determined the variety of hydrography, specific plant cover and vegetation of Sahara's severity of the subtropical climate. Admiration of the various kinds of deserts is possible during the trip along the range of the New Valley paralleled to the Nile River Valley. The following oasis are worth to be seen: El Charga, Mut, Balat, Dahla, El Qasr Farafra, El Heim Bahariya and Siwa

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Formy ochrony przyrody na Saharze w kontekście ochrony przyrody nieożywionej

Pająk J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 2/1

353-365

EN

Protected areas of the Sahara Desert were compiled in this paper. A special emphasis was put on abiotic components of these areas and on the others representative inanimate nature examples that should be geologically documented and preserved for the future as geosites. Nature conservation level is diversified due to different geopolitical status and living standard in the 11 Saharan countries.