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Models of the reference departure and arrival ifr procedures for the purpose of research in RPAS integration in controlled airspace

Lichoń Daniel, Orkisz Marek

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 3

121--128

EN

The air operations in controlled airspace performed according to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) are composed of three main flight phases, i.e. departure, cruise, arrival. Controlled airspace is divided into the terminal area and en-route airspace. The terminal area encloses the departure and arrival phases while the en-route airspace encloses the cruise phase. The IFR procedures are designed for manned aviation to ensure the safety of air operations. Development of the aviation concerns among others the increase in the number of unmanned aviation operations. Currently, on the European level, there is an on-going, long-term program of integration of the unmanned aviation in the uniform (non-segregated) airspace. This work concerns the research in the integration of the Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) in the IFR procedures of the controlled airports. The objective was to build the reference models of Standard Instrument Departure and Arrival Procedures (SID and STAR). Basing on the procedure design guidelines the models of procedural nominal track, tolerance area, obstacle clearance area, climb or descend gradient, manoeuvres in SID and STAR were done. The guidelines describe the operational minima thus the statistics of existing procedures was done to select the suitable procedure parameters such as a number of navigational points, segments lengths, altitudes, climb or descent gradients. Reference models of SID include straight departure and turning departure procedures. Reference models of STAR include non-precision approach procedures according to used navigational aids, i.e. GNSS, VOR. The reference procedures were numerically implemented which will be used in the further works on RPAS integration problem by simulations of the RPAS ability to execute of the SID and STAR.

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Transverse momentum distributions and string percolation study in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at square rootsNN = 200 GeV

Srivastava B., Scharenberg R., Tarnowsky T.

Nukleonika

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2006

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Vol. 51,suppl.3

109-112

EN

Multiparticle production at high energies is described in terms of color strings stretched between the projectile and target. As string density increases, overlap among the strings leads to cluster formation. At some critical density, a macroscopic cluster appears, spanning the entire system. This marks the percolation phase transition. Data from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV has been analyzed using the STAR detector to obtain the percolation density parameter, eta. For 200 GeV Au+Au collisions, the value of h is found to lie above the critical percolation threshold, while for 200 GeV d+Au collisions it is below the critical value. This supports the idea of string percolation, which at high enough string density is a possible mechanism to explore the hadronic phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma.

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Baryon-baryon correlations in Au+Au collisions at square root sNN = 62 GeV and square root sNN = 200 GeV, measured in the STAR experiment at RHIC

Gos H.

Nukleonika

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2006

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Vol. 51,suppl.3

59-63

EN

Particle correlations at small relative velocities can be used to study the space-time evolution of hot and expanding system created in heavy-ion collisions. Baryon and antibaryon source sizes extracted from baryon-baryon correlations complement the information deduced from the correlation studies of identical pions. Correlations of nonidentical particles are sensitive also to the space-time asymmetry of their emission. High statistics data set of STAR experiment allows us to present the results of baryon-baryon correlation measurements at various centralities and energies, as well as to take carefully into account the particle identification probability and the fraction of primary baryons and antibaryons. Preliminary results show significant contribution of annihilation channel in baryon-antibaryon correlations.

4

Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at square root sNN = 200 GeV

Noriega M.

Nukleonika

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2004

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Vol. 49,suppl.2

67-70

EN

We present preliminary results from a two-pion intensity interferometry analysis from Au+Au collisions at square root sNN = 200 GeV measured in the STAR detector at RHIC. The dependence of the apparent pion source on multiplicity and transverse momentum are discussed and compared with preliminary results from d+Au and p+p collisions at the same beam energy.